Although, genetically modified (GM) crops have to be a broadly debated topic in different countri... more Although, genetically modified (GM) crops have to be a broadly debated topic in different countries, there has been much less attention devoted to farmer attitudes towards GM crops. This paper attempts to research farmers' insights on GM crops in Georgia through February-March 2014. An in-depth survey of 611 farmers revealed that respondents lack sufficient knowledge about genetic engineering. They tend to have a negative attitude towards GM crops and are strongly against of import and adoption of GM seeds. An empirical examination based on analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient verified that both education and age were significant determinants of awareness of farmers about genetically engineered crops, while income used to have no significant influence on the farmers' decision to adopt GM crops. In addition, relationship between awareness about genetic engineering and farmers' decision to adopt GM crops has to be insignificant, as well.
The research examines advantages and disadvantages of production and sale of genetically modified... more The research examines advantages and disadvantages of production and sale of genetically modified products, as well as, main aspects of their regulations. It is confirmed that the marketing research plays a significant role in the development of GMO market. The marketing research is considered to be a cornerstone in investigation of consumers' perception towards the GMOs. The study reveals main specifications of perception, knowledge and awareness, and main attitudes and tendencies of Georgian buyers of genetically modified goods. It also defines main factors that impact the decision making process of Georgians during the acquisition of genetically modified products.
In the given article there are examples of marketing research results analyzed based on Georgian ... more In the given article there are examples of marketing research results analyzed based on Georgian market. Research was conducted on three leading banks – Bank Republic, Bank of Georgia and TBC bank – examples for four different currencies: Georgian Lari, USD, Euro and Ruble. Based on the example of Bank Republic research outcomes there are established clients quantities distribution by bank services and currencies, percentage distribution of currencies by bank services, bank services distribution by currencies. There is also conducted consumer behavior marketing research for ten different soft drinks towards their five attributes. Results provide soft drink consumers quantities distribution by types of soft drinks as well as their attributes.
Georgia is not only the one of the most attractive tourism destinations of the Caucasus region, b... more Georgia is not only the one of the most attractive tourism destinations of the Caucasus region, but with geopolitical dimension as crossroad of Europe and Asia. The country has had to face multiple formidable challenges making a massive impact on the democratic development processes. Georgia many times recognized and perceived the high price of the peace and war. The aim of the paper is to explore the conceptual meaning of peace marketing, as the effective tool to promote mutual understanding, tolerance and peace between different nations. The paper analyzes the challenges and perspectives Georgia faces in tourism development and peace building processes. The significant role of marketing communications in the peace building processes highlighted in the work. Recent development of tourism in Georgia demonstrates that tourism is not only profitable industry, but the main vector for the development of peace and well-being of the population. In order to achieve success in this field several opportunities should be implemented: the development of more diversified and high-quality tourism products, effective and intensive marketing and promotion activities, enhancing visitor experiences and improving service quality – ultimately creating a world-class tourism destination, that stimulates international demand beyond Georgia’s neighboring countries.
Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relation... more Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relations. Studies has also shown that " nationalistic patriotic and ethnocentric " tendencies may influence evaluations and preferences of domestic and imported products. In Georgian market for many product classes, domestic alternative is not available, scare or low in quality. Consequently, this research has an importance to observe the ethnocentric behavior of consumers when domestic alternative is not available. CETSCALE successfully was used to determine ethnocentric tendencies of consumers in many countries and in this study it is applied to Georgian consumers. The highest mean scores were related to buy Georgian-made products and keeping Georgia working which represents the Georgians worry about unemployment and buying Georgian-made products as a solution for the problem. They also hightened the concern that they should buy from foreign countries only those products that they cannot obtain within their own country. The CETSCALE produced high reliability results in Georgian consumer profile. The radical view toward imports did not get much acceptance.
Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relation... more Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relations. Studies has also shown that " nationalistic patriotic and ethnocentric " tendencies may influence evaluations and preferences of domestic and imported products. In Georgian market for many product classes, domestic alternative is not available, scare or low in quality. Consequently, this research has an importance to observe the ethnocentric behavior of consumers when domestic alternative is not available. CETSCALE successfully was used to determine ethnocentric tendencies of consumers in many countries and in this study it is applied to Georgian consumers. The highest mean scores were related to buy Georgian-made products and keeping Georgia working which represents the Georgians worry about unemployment and buying Georgian-made products as a solution for the problem. They also hightened the concern that they should buy from foreign countries only those products that they cannot obtain within their own country. The CETSCALE produced high reliability results in Georgian consumer profile. The radical view toward imports did not get much acceptance.
This article is focused on the main aspects of service quality and customer satisfaction, represe... more This article is focused on the main aspects of service quality and customer satisfaction, representing determining factors of customer retention and loyalty, facilitating the successful tourism development in Georgia. Service quality is considered as the major concern tourist industries. One of the most widely used SERVQUAL model developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry in 1982. The model is qualified a useful instrument to identify the gaps between customers’ expectations and customers’ perceptions of the services. Quality and customer satisfaction measurement will give the possibility to identify the demands of different segments of potential consumers. It is very important to integrate the methods of measurement of service quality in practice for developing tourism marketing in Georgia. The aim of this paper is to examine the implication of SERVQUAL model, to identify the gap score existing in the service of the Hotels in Georgia. Conclusions summarize the research results: identified service problems with Hotel service, causes of dissatisfaction of the customers and the ways of efforts to be taken to improve the service quality. The results of this study should be proved useful for academics and practitioners working in tourism marketing .
International Journal of Commerce and Management, 2010
... There is a scarcity of information on consumer behavior COO perceptions of consumers from tra... more ... There is a scarcity of information on consumer behavior COO perceptions of consumers from transitional economies (Batra, 1997). ... Sohail (2005) researched Malaysian consumers and found that German-made products are perceived in general to be high quality. ...
The basic characteristics of safety of textiles have been investigated and compared with the auth... more The basic characteristics of safety of textiles have been investigated and compared with the authorized norms. The pH value of the water extract from the fabric should be equal to 4.0 to 7.5. This is due to the fact that our skin (consisting basically of collagen fiber) has typically pH4.5 to pH5.5 (isoelectric point). The stability of coloring to sweat and saliva (for children) is also very important. This parameter of stability is connected with safety, as the dye exposed to the influence of sweat or saliva get into the organism.
18th World Business Congress „Management Challenges in an Environment of Increasing Regional and Global Concerns“, 2009
Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relation... more Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relations. Past cross-cultural consumer behavior literature has shown that nationalistic, patriotic, and ethnocentric tendencies of consumers may influence their evaluations and preferences of domestic and imported products. In the current Georgian market for many product classes (product forms), domestic product alternative is not available, scare or low in quality. Consequently, the current research has an added importance to observe the ethnocentric behavior of consumers when domestic alternative is not available. Generally, CETSCALE has successfully been used to determine ethnocentric tendencies of consumers in both developed and developing countries. The current study is an extension to the existing growing body of literature where the construct is applied to Georgian consumers. The study results indicated that the highest mean scores were related to buy Georgian-made products and keeping Georgia working which demonstrate that the Georgians worry about current economic downturn and the resultant unemployment and see buying Georgian-made products as a solution to the problems experienced. They also hightened the concern that they should buy from foreign countries only those products that they cannot obtain within their own country. The CETSCALE produced high reliability results in Georgian consumer profile. The radical view toward imports did not get much acceptance.
Consumer behaviour has an important role in marketing. 1 Study of consumer behaviour is essential... more Consumer behaviour has an important role in marketing. 1 Study of consumer behaviour is essential for understanding consumers even when they are not directly influenced. 2 For the last decades and especially since the mid 20 th century foreign scholars have paid a special attention to the marketing research of consumer behaviour. One of these early works is the article by R. Schuler, which touches upon the producer country effects on consumers. 3 H. Barksdale and V. Darden were also the first to study the issues of consumer attitudes towards marketing activities in the USA. 4 Similar research was conducted in Australia and Hong Kong by K. Wee and M. Chan. 5 Shimp, T., Sharma, S. studied consumer ethnocentrism and its influence on consumer behaviour. 6
—This paper is focusing on the attitude of Georgian consumers toward social media, influence of s... more —This paper is focusing on the attitude of Georgian consumers toward social media, influence of social media on consumer buying behavior. The purpose of this paper is to explore the usage of social media marketing for small business companies of Georgia. The result of marketing research has revealed that social webs are mostly used by Georgian consumers, but they have little impact on the buying decision. The research method was exploratory and descriptive. Conclusions summarize the research results and offers insight to provide better understandings of consumers demand and implementation of marketing strategy through social media in Georgia.
Genetically modified products (GM) have been sensitive topic in different societies. This paper l... more Genetically modified products (GM) have been sensitive topic in different societies. This paper looks at (GM) from one consumer group's perspective; specifically, from the Ajara region of Georgia in February 2014. A survey of 603 consumers revealed that these respondents knew very little about genetic engineering but held a negative attitude towards GM products, expected the government to regulate both their import and production, and wanted GM to be identified as such. Even if priced lower than comparable foodstuffs, most consumers would not buy them. An empirical investigation based on analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated that education, income and social class were significant determinants of genetic engineering awareness among consumers , while age had no impact.
Gradually, the world is recognizing the role of business ethics and responsibility towards socie... more Gradually, the world is recognizing the role of business ethics and responsibility towards society. Accordingly, there is a shift towards social responsible and ethical behavior around the word. Corporate Social Responsibility as a declared strategy contributes a sustainable development of a company and prepares it for a global competitive advantage. This research is driven by the fact that there has not been conducted any scientific research in Georgia in order to determine consumers’ perception of social responsibility, their expectations and impact of CSR on consumer behavior. The scope of the research is confined to identify abilities of the Georgian consumers to support social responsibility of companies operating in the Georgian market.
ON THE MARKETING RESEARCH OF CONSUMER PRICES AND INFLATION PROCESS , Mar 2015
Marketing information is used by financial and insurance institutions, business enterprises and c... more Marketing information is used by financial and insurance institutions, business enterprises and companies for planning, control, monitoring and forecasting purposes in business. One of the problems is the detection and investigation of factors, which influence the behavior of consumers. Such a basic factor is, for instance, the consumer prices index. The significance of this factor periodically changes and depends on the values of main indexes of economy such as export, import, taxes, labor force, unemployment, inflation level, etc., and also on the behavior of consumers, their taste, living standard and style. For the marketing research of this dependence it is necessary to construct mathematical models of the evolution of consumer prices. In the paper, a new auto regression model with disturbances is constructed for consumer prices. The model includes monetary aggregate amount and control function. A new formula is derived for the solution of an equation for the consumer prices index, which can be used in forecasting the inflation process. Using the data on the consumer prices index in Georgia, a numerical example is given, which illustrates the estimates of the coefficients of the constructed model and the inflation process forecast.
Consumer behavior research was conducted on bank services and (non-alcohol) soft drinks. Based on... more Consumer behavior research was conducted on bank services and (non-alcohol) soft drinks. Based on four different currencies and ten services there are analyses made on bank clients' distribution by bank services and currencies, percentage distribution by bank services, percentage distribution of bank services by currencies. Similar results are also received in case of ten soft drinks with their five characteristics: consumers quantities split by types of soft drinks and attributes; Attributes percentage split by types of soft drinks; Types of soft drinks percentage split by attributes. With usage of ANOVA, based on the marketing research outcomes it is concluded that bank clients' total quantities i.e. populations' unknown mean scores do not differ from each other. In the soft drinks research case consumers' total quantities i.e. populations' unknown mean scores vary by characteristics.
Although, genetically modified (GM) crops have to be a broadly debated topic in different countri... more Although, genetically modified (GM) crops have to be a broadly debated topic in different countries, there has been much less attention devoted to farmer attitudes towards GM crops. This paper attempts to research farmers' insights on GM crops in Georgia through February-March 2014. An in-depth survey of 611 farmers revealed that respondents lack sufficient knowledge about genetic engineering. They tend to have a negative attitude towards GM crops and are strongly against of import and adoption of GM seeds. An empirical examination based on analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient verified that both education and age were significant determinants of awareness of farmers about genetically engineered crops, while income used to have no significant influence on the farmers' decision to adopt GM crops. In addition, relationship between awareness about genetic engineering and farmers' decision to adopt GM crops has to be insignificant, as well.
The research examines advantages and disadvantages of production and sale of genetically modified... more The research examines advantages and disadvantages of production and sale of genetically modified products, as well as, main aspects of their regulations. It is confirmed that the marketing research plays a significant role in the development of GMO market. The marketing research is considered to be a cornerstone in investigation of consumers' perception towards the GMOs. The study reveals main specifications of perception, knowledge and awareness, and main attitudes and tendencies of Georgian buyers of genetically modified goods. It also defines main factors that impact the decision making process of Georgians during the acquisition of genetically modified products.
In the given article there are examples of marketing research results analyzed based on Georgian ... more In the given article there are examples of marketing research results analyzed based on Georgian market. Research was conducted on three leading banks – Bank Republic, Bank of Georgia and TBC bank – examples for four different currencies: Georgian Lari, USD, Euro and Ruble. Based on the example of Bank Republic research outcomes there are established clients quantities distribution by bank services and currencies, percentage distribution of currencies by bank services, bank services distribution by currencies. There is also conducted consumer behavior marketing research for ten different soft drinks towards their five attributes. Results provide soft drink consumers quantities distribution by types of soft drinks as well as their attributes.
Georgia is not only the one of the most attractive tourism destinations of the Caucasus region, b... more Georgia is not only the one of the most attractive tourism destinations of the Caucasus region, but with geopolitical dimension as crossroad of Europe and Asia. The country has had to face multiple formidable challenges making a massive impact on the democratic development processes. Georgia many times recognized and perceived the high price of the peace and war. The aim of the paper is to explore the conceptual meaning of peace marketing, as the effective tool to promote mutual understanding, tolerance and peace between different nations. The paper analyzes the challenges and perspectives Georgia faces in tourism development and peace building processes. The significant role of marketing communications in the peace building processes highlighted in the work. Recent development of tourism in Georgia demonstrates that tourism is not only profitable industry, but the main vector for the development of peace and well-being of the population. In order to achieve success in this field several opportunities should be implemented: the development of more diversified and high-quality tourism products, effective and intensive marketing and promotion activities, enhancing visitor experiences and improving service quality – ultimately creating a world-class tourism destination, that stimulates international demand beyond Georgia’s neighboring countries.
Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relation... more Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relations. Studies has also shown that " nationalistic patriotic and ethnocentric " tendencies may influence evaluations and preferences of domestic and imported products. In Georgian market for many product classes, domestic alternative is not available, scare or low in quality. Consequently, this research has an importance to observe the ethnocentric behavior of consumers when domestic alternative is not available. CETSCALE successfully was used to determine ethnocentric tendencies of consumers in many countries and in this study it is applied to Georgian consumers. The highest mean scores were related to buy Georgian-made products and keeping Georgia working which represents the Georgians worry about unemployment and buying Georgian-made products as a solution for the problem. They also hightened the concern that they should buy from foreign countries only those products that they cannot obtain within their own country. The CETSCALE produced high reliability results in Georgian consumer profile. The radical view toward imports did not get much acceptance.
Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relation... more Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relations. Studies has also shown that " nationalistic patriotic and ethnocentric " tendencies may influence evaluations and preferences of domestic and imported products. In Georgian market for many product classes, domestic alternative is not available, scare or low in quality. Consequently, this research has an importance to observe the ethnocentric behavior of consumers when domestic alternative is not available. CETSCALE successfully was used to determine ethnocentric tendencies of consumers in many countries and in this study it is applied to Georgian consumers. The highest mean scores were related to buy Georgian-made products and keeping Georgia working which represents the Georgians worry about unemployment and buying Georgian-made products as a solution for the problem. They also hightened the concern that they should buy from foreign countries only those products that they cannot obtain within their own country. The CETSCALE produced high reliability results in Georgian consumer profile. The radical view toward imports did not get much acceptance.
This article is focused on the main aspects of service quality and customer satisfaction, represe... more This article is focused on the main aspects of service quality and customer satisfaction, representing determining factors of customer retention and loyalty, facilitating the successful tourism development in Georgia. Service quality is considered as the major concern tourist industries. One of the most widely used SERVQUAL model developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry in 1982. The model is qualified a useful instrument to identify the gaps between customers’ expectations and customers’ perceptions of the services. Quality and customer satisfaction measurement will give the possibility to identify the demands of different segments of potential consumers. It is very important to integrate the methods of measurement of service quality in practice for developing tourism marketing in Georgia. The aim of this paper is to examine the implication of SERVQUAL model, to identify the gap score existing in the service of the Hotels in Georgia. Conclusions summarize the research results: identified service problems with Hotel service, causes of dissatisfaction of the customers and the ways of efforts to be taken to improve the service quality. The results of this study should be proved useful for academics and practitioners working in tourism marketing .
International Journal of Commerce and Management, 2010
... There is a scarcity of information on consumer behavior COO perceptions of consumers from tra... more ... There is a scarcity of information on consumer behavior COO perceptions of consumers from transitional economies (Batra, 1997). ... Sohail (2005) researched Malaysian consumers and found that German-made products are perceived in general to be high quality. ...
The basic characteristics of safety of textiles have been investigated and compared with the auth... more The basic characteristics of safety of textiles have been investigated and compared with the authorized norms. The pH value of the water extract from the fabric should be equal to 4.0 to 7.5. This is due to the fact that our skin (consisting basically of collagen fiber) has typically pH4.5 to pH5.5 (isoelectric point). The stability of coloring to sweat and saliva (for children) is also very important. This parameter of stability is connected with safety, as the dye exposed to the influence of sweat or saliva get into the organism.
18th World Business Congress „Management Challenges in an Environment of Increasing Regional and Global Concerns“, 2009
Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relation... more Ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon and is deeply rooted in most areas of intergroup relations. Past cross-cultural consumer behavior literature has shown that nationalistic, patriotic, and ethnocentric tendencies of consumers may influence their evaluations and preferences of domestic and imported products. In the current Georgian market for many product classes (product forms), domestic product alternative is not available, scare or low in quality. Consequently, the current research has an added importance to observe the ethnocentric behavior of consumers when domestic alternative is not available. Generally, CETSCALE has successfully been used to determine ethnocentric tendencies of consumers in both developed and developing countries. The current study is an extension to the existing growing body of literature where the construct is applied to Georgian consumers. The study results indicated that the highest mean scores were related to buy Georgian-made products and keeping Georgia working which demonstrate that the Georgians worry about current economic downturn and the resultant unemployment and see buying Georgian-made products as a solution to the problems experienced. They also hightened the concern that they should buy from foreign countries only those products that they cannot obtain within their own country. The CETSCALE produced high reliability results in Georgian consumer profile. The radical view toward imports did not get much acceptance.
Consumer behaviour has an important role in marketing. 1 Study of consumer behaviour is essential... more Consumer behaviour has an important role in marketing. 1 Study of consumer behaviour is essential for understanding consumers even when they are not directly influenced. 2 For the last decades and especially since the mid 20 th century foreign scholars have paid a special attention to the marketing research of consumer behaviour. One of these early works is the article by R. Schuler, which touches upon the producer country effects on consumers. 3 H. Barksdale and V. Darden were also the first to study the issues of consumer attitudes towards marketing activities in the USA. 4 Similar research was conducted in Australia and Hong Kong by K. Wee and M. Chan. 5 Shimp, T., Sharma, S. studied consumer ethnocentrism and its influence on consumer behaviour. 6
—This paper is focusing on the attitude of Georgian consumers toward social media, influence of s... more —This paper is focusing on the attitude of Georgian consumers toward social media, influence of social media on consumer buying behavior. The purpose of this paper is to explore the usage of social media marketing for small business companies of Georgia. The result of marketing research has revealed that social webs are mostly used by Georgian consumers, but they have little impact on the buying decision. The research method was exploratory and descriptive. Conclusions summarize the research results and offers insight to provide better understandings of consumers demand and implementation of marketing strategy through social media in Georgia.
Genetically modified products (GM) have been sensitive topic in different societies. This paper l... more Genetically modified products (GM) have been sensitive topic in different societies. This paper looks at (GM) from one consumer group's perspective; specifically, from the Ajara region of Georgia in February 2014. A survey of 603 consumers revealed that these respondents knew very little about genetic engineering but held a negative attitude towards GM products, expected the government to regulate both their import and production, and wanted GM to be identified as such. Even if priced lower than comparable foodstuffs, most consumers would not buy them. An empirical investigation based on analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated that education, income and social class were significant determinants of genetic engineering awareness among consumers , while age had no impact.
Gradually, the world is recognizing the role of business ethics and responsibility towards socie... more Gradually, the world is recognizing the role of business ethics and responsibility towards society. Accordingly, there is a shift towards social responsible and ethical behavior around the word. Corporate Social Responsibility as a declared strategy contributes a sustainable development of a company and prepares it for a global competitive advantage. This research is driven by the fact that there has not been conducted any scientific research in Georgia in order to determine consumers’ perception of social responsibility, their expectations and impact of CSR on consumer behavior. The scope of the research is confined to identify abilities of the Georgian consumers to support social responsibility of companies operating in the Georgian market.
ON THE MARKETING RESEARCH OF CONSUMER PRICES AND INFLATION PROCESS , Mar 2015
Marketing information is used by financial and insurance institutions, business enterprises and c... more Marketing information is used by financial and insurance institutions, business enterprises and companies for planning, control, monitoring and forecasting purposes in business. One of the problems is the detection and investigation of factors, which influence the behavior of consumers. Such a basic factor is, for instance, the consumer prices index. The significance of this factor periodically changes and depends on the values of main indexes of economy such as export, import, taxes, labor force, unemployment, inflation level, etc., and also on the behavior of consumers, their taste, living standard and style. For the marketing research of this dependence it is necessary to construct mathematical models of the evolution of consumer prices. In the paper, a new auto regression model with disturbances is constructed for consumer prices. The model includes monetary aggregate amount and control function. A new formula is derived for the solution of an equation for the consumer prices index, which can be used in forecasting the inflation process. Using the data on the consumer prices index in Georgia, a numerical example is given, which illustrates the estimates of the coefficients of the constructed model and the inflation process forecast.
Consumer behavior research was conducted on bank services and (non-alcohol) soft drinks. Based on... more Consumer behavior research was conducted on bank services and (non-alcohol) soft drinks. Based on four different currencies and ten services there are analyses made on bank clients' distribution by bank services and currencies, percentage distribution by bank services, percentage distribution of bank services by currencies. Similar results are also received in case of ten soft drinks with their five characteristics: consumers quantities split by types of soft drinks and attributes; Attributes percentage split by types of soft drinks; Types of soft drinks percentage split by attributes. With usage of ANOVA, based on the marketing research outcomes it is concluded that bank clients' total quantities i.e. populations' unknown mean scores do not differ from each other. In the soft drinks research case consumers' total quantities i.e. populations' unknown mean scores vary by characteristics.
Mobile and smart phones rapid spread enables consumers to access internet and make orders and pur... more Mobile and smart phones rapid spread enables consumers to access internet and make orders and purchases promptly. Mobile commerce is one of the fastest growing segments in the country; therefore mobile marketing is developing in many respects in Georgian market. Attitude of Georgian consumers towards mobile commerce is sort of original. Mobile reach is quite high in Georgia, which makes country to be attractive in terms of mobile commerce. Considering above, in the given article there are studied mobile phone usage by Georgian consumers and mobile operators’ selection specifics; the usage frequency among mobile internet respondents, their preferences towards mobile internet activities, also frequency of mobile purchases. In the article there are provided influencing factors in mobile purchase decision process and their attitude on mobile purchases.
The article analyzes transformation processes of economic reforms in Georgia
in the context of AA... more The article analyzes transformation processes of economic reforms in Georgia in the context of AA/ DCFTA, shows opportunities for business development in Georgia, identifies the barriers to increasing the potentials of female and male in the economic processes, outlines the perspectives of international trade for fostering business development in the country. Association Agreement / (DCFTA) between Georgia and EU fully comes into force since 1 July 2016. There are strong needs for in-depth analysis of the impact of trade agreements on gender equality. In the modern world where women’s role in social and economic life is continuously increasing the issues of gender equality gains an utmost importance. Women’s economic empowerment is recognized as an important factor for stimulating economic growth, poverty reduction and employment opportunities in Georgia. The article emphasizes the role of women in the international trade and perspectives in this regard. The realization of all the components of the AA/ / (DCFTA) between Georgia and the EU in the near future should be determined by the country’s success in abiding by the principles of market economy, social justice, and gender equality.
Some important result of implementing European standards in the field of food regulation have b... more Some important result of implementing European standards in the field of food regulation have been discussed. The process of creation and enforcing of the laws of food legislation and technical regulations have been analyzed. The contents of main legal acts have been studied. Labeling and providing customers with information have been emphasized. It is concluded that a work of particular significance has been done, though national food legislation bears certain faults. A number of recommendations have been introduced to improve the situation.
Some important result of implementing European standards in the field of food regulation have b... more Some important result of implementing European standards in the field of food regulation have been discussed. The process of creation and enforcing of the laws of food legislation and technical regulations have been analyzed. The contents of main legal acts have been studied. Labeling and providing customers with information have been emphasized. It is concluded that a work of particular significance has been done, though national food legislation bears certain faults. A number of recommendations have been introduced to improve the situation.
The last few decades have been characterized with globalization of production and openness of nat... more The last few decades have been characterized with globalization of production and openness of national economy to the foreign markets. An enterprise planning global expansion must select particular market and concentrate its marketing efforts on it. Consumer demands of different countries vary from each other. Therefore, a firm must thoroughly study each countries consumer demands and adapt its products to them. Product must be properly branded, assorted, designed, packaged, and marked. Although Georgia's turnover of foreign trade has been growing for the last few years, its balance is still negative. Therefore, one of the country's main priorities is to support export activities by identifying new markets for Georgian products. For the products to be successful in foreign markets, it is necessary to develop respective marketing strategy and ensure their proper positioning in the international market.
Tourism industry is one of the most growing industries in the world. It plays the biggest role in... more Tourism industry is one of the most growing industries in the world. It plays the biggest role in the modern economy. Due to its geopolitical location and the natural, historical and cultural resources, Georgia has immense opportunities for tourism development. Therefore it is necessary to maximize the use of available capacity, that’s offered by the further development opportunities of the tourism. Unfortunately, the peculiarities of the tourism environment formation in Georgia have not been thoroughly studied yet. That’s why scientific research in this field is extremely important. On this basis, a marketing survey has been conducted in this work, which aimed to study Georgian users' attitudes to the tourism environment, to manifest their values towards the tourist products, to identify the trends of changes of the factors influencing tourism environment, as well as to define the expected changes. In the process of formation of touristic environment a significant role is played by the changes in consumers’ values. The survey showed that to the users' point of view, such values as traditionalism at work, in family and education is somehow being changed in the last decade. This is due to the fact that Georgia gradually moves to the West rails, respectively, such areas as education, employment structure undergoes changes, and the new standards enter our country, which slowly grow apart from traditional. Respondents think that with the growing tendency is characterized such values, as materialism, Rewarding, self-expression, and accepting changes. As for the impact of above mentioned changes on the tourism environment, the majority of respondents believe these values have no direct impact on tourism and therefore, their impact on the tourism environment of Georgia is not so big too. In this work the structure of the spheres connected with the touristic industry and their influence on Georgian touristic environment has been analyzed. With the opinion of more than 50% of respondents such spheres of tourism as for placements are very important for Georgian tourism development and their structure is expected to be changed in the near future. Georgian consumer considers that the transport has the most important influence on the development of tourism in our country. Respondents have especially underlined the importance of air and road transport. They suppose that the structure of all types of transport in Georgia is expected to be changed in the nearest decade. To the Georgian consumers’ opinion the role of the government is the most important in the process of touristic environment formation. They consider that the state should provide the basic infrastructure that is necessary for development of local tourism. The consumers also believe that the role of civil society in tourism development will be increased significantly in the coming decade. The infrastructure has a critic meaning in the touristic environment development. With Georgian users’ opinion arrival is not the only important thing in tourism; they need comfort and additional service together with transportation. Georgian users consider that production and construction industry development is also necessary to meet the requirements of tourists. Most of the Georgian consumers evaluate present touristic environment and country’s safety and prestige on the international arena as positive. They also consider that legal framework, personnel qualifications and infrastructure of the mountainous regions should be improved. To overcome the obstacles of the tourism development, Georgian consumers think that the government efforts are necessary.
Winter tourism is an important variety of massive holidays. According to making an offer for tour... more Winter tourism is an important variety of massive holidays. According to making an offer for tourists, it’s capital capacious sufficiently, which has peculiarities and is very popular among the young people. In the world tourism industry, the most popular winter tourism is mountain skiing, which basically depends on natural conditions. Nowadays this is the most attractive business in the most of the countries. In spite of it’s high prices, the demand on this product is increasing every time. The world’s skiing holiday places are: Austria, Andorra, France, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Italy, Slovakia, Turkey, Finland, Sweden, Norway. Less popular holiday resorts are in USA and Germany. Popularity of some countries’ resorts is growing in the last few years. Those countries are: Rumania, Slovenia, Spain and Canada. In this case Georgia has really unique opportunities, though the market of winter tourism is in the forming process. The interest of Georgian and foreign tourists is rising very fastly. In winter season the international visitors’ amount is increasing unprecedentedly in Georgia, therefore it is necessary to research the demand of market and make the corresponding offer. This work is about the research in developing tendency of Georgia’s winter tourism market. There were questioned those tourist companies’ managers, who offer customers winter tourism service. For this research we have used quantity of researching method, such as face to face interview, internet and telephonic interview. The research has shown that the most popular and demanding winter resorts are: Bakuriani, Gudauri, Mestia and Xulo. Tourists have especially big interest of Bakuriani and Gudauri. Also is rising an interest about new mountain ski resort called Mestia. Natural conditions and infrastructure determines an attractiveness of these resorts. 2/3 of tourists are foreigners, who are mostly interested in mountain skiing sport. Most tours are organized, although the prices are quite high to the companies mind. For to attract customers, they use advertising traditional forms _ internet. Most significant fact is, that a huge amount of companies apply for social networks and are very popular in attracting the customers by using these method. Although most tourists are eager to visit winter resorts of Georgia, but they have some claims about improving infrastructure and reducing prices. Tourists are dissatisfied about outdated mountain skiing infrastructure; therefore a tourism service should be improved. All these will help Georgian winter resorts to be improved, be more competitive and to have its place in the world’s tourism industry.
Georgia is not only the one of the most attractive tourism destinations of the Caucasus region, b... more Georgia is not only the one of the most attractive tourism destinations of the Caucasus region, but with geopolitical dimension as crossroad of Europe and Asia. The country has had to face multiple formidable challenges making a massive impact on the democratic development processes. Georgia many times recognized and perceived the high price of the peace and war. The aim of the paper is to explore the conceptual meaning of peace marketing, as the effective tool to promote mutual understanding, tolerance and peace between different nations. The paper analyzes the challenges and perspectives Georgia faces in tourism development and peace building processes. The significant role of marketing communications in the peace building processes highlighted in the work. Recent development of tourism in Georgia demonstrates that tourism is not only profitable industry, but the main vector for the development of peace and well-being of the population. In order to achieve success in this field several opportunities should be implemented: the development of more diversified and high-quality tourism products, effective and intensive marketing and promotion activities, enhancing visitor experiences and improving service quality – ultimately creating a world-class tourism destination, that stimulates international demand beyond Georgia’s neighboring countries.
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Papers by Nugzar Todua
tourism is not only profitable industry, but the main vector for the development of peace and well-being of the population. In order to achieve success in this field several opportunities should be implemented: the development of more diversified and high-quality tourism products, effective and intensive marketing and promotion activities, enhancing visitor experiences and improving service quality – ultimately creating a world-class tourism destination, that stimulates international demand beyond Georgia’s neighboring countries.
tourism is not only profitable industry, but the main vector for the development of peace and well-being of the population. In order to achieve success in this field several opportunities should be implemented: the development of more diversified and high-quality tourism products, effective and intensive marketing and promotion activities, enhancing visitor experiences and improving service quality – ultimately creating a world-class tourism destination, that stimulates international demand beyond Georgia’s neighboring countries.
Considering above, in the given article there are studied mobile phone usage by Georgian consumers and mobile operators’ selection specifics; the usage frequency among mobile internet respondents, their preferences towards mobile internet activities, also frequency of mobile purchases. In the article there are provided influencing factors in mobile purchase decision process and their attitude on mobile purchases.
in the context of AA/ DCFTA, shows opportunities for business development in Georgia,
identifies the barriers to increasing the potentials of female and male in the economic
processes, outlines the perspectives of international trade for fostering business
development in the country. Association Agreement / (DCFTA) between Georgia and EU
fully comes into force since 1 July 2016. There are strong needs for in-depth analysis of
the impact of trade agreements on gender equality. In the modern world where women’s
role in social and economic life is continuously increasing the issues of gender equality
gains an utmost importance. Women’s economic empowerment is recognized as an
important factor for stimulating economic growth, poverty reduction and employment
opportunities in Georgia. The article emphasizes the role of women in the international
trade and perspectives in this regard. The realization of all the components of the AA/ /
(DCFTA) between Georgia and the EU in the near future should be determined by the
country’s success in abiding by the principles of market economy, social justice, and
gender equality.
In the process of formation of touristic environment a significant role is played by the changes in consumers’ values. The survey showed that to the users' point of view, such values as traditionalism at work, in family and education is somehow being changed in the last decade. This is due to the fact that Georgia gradually moves to the West rails, respectively, such areas as education, employment structure undergoes changes, and the new standards enter our country, which slowly grow apart from traditional. Respondents think that with the growing tendency is characterized such values, as materialism, Rewarding, self-expression, and accepting changes. As for the impact of above mentioned changes on the tourism environment, the majority of respondents believe these values have no direct impact on tourism and therefore, their impact on the tourism environment of Georgia is not so big too.
In this work the structure of the spheres connected with the touristic industry and their influence on Georgian touristic environment has been analyzed. With the opinion of more than 50% of respondents such spheres of tourism as for placements are very important for Georgian tourism development and their structure is expected to be changed in the near future. Georgian consumer considers that the transport has the most important influence on the development of tourism in our country. Respondents have especially underlined the importance of air and road transport. They suppose that the structure of all types of transport in Georgia is expected to be changed in the nearest decade. To the Georgian consumers’ opinion the role of the government is the most important in the process of touristic environment formation. They consider that the state should provide the basic infrastructure that is necessary for development of local tourism. The consumers also believe that the role of civil society in tourism development will be increased significantly in the coming decade. The infrastructure has a critic meaning in the touristic environment development. With Georgian users’ opinion arrival is not the only important thing in tourism; they need comfort and additional service together with transportation. Georgian users consider that production and construction industry development is also necessary to meet the requirements of tourists. Most of the Georgian consumers evaluate present touristic environment and country’s safety and prestige on the international arena as positive. They also consider that legal framework, personnel qualifications and infrastructure of the mountainous regions should be improved. To overcome the obstacles of the tourism development, Georgian consumers think that the government efforts are necessary.
The world’s skiing holiday places are: Austria, Andorra, France, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Italy, Slovakia, Turkey, Finland, Sweden, Norway. Less popular holiday resorts are in USA and Germany. Popularity of some countries’ resorts is growing in the last few years. Those countries are: Rumania, Slovenia, Spain and Canada. In this case Georgia has really unique opportunities, though the market of winter tourism is in the forming process. The interest of Georgian and foreign tourists is rising very fastly. In winter season the international visitors’ amount is increasing unprecedentedly in Georgia, therefore it is necessary to research the demand of market and make the corresponding offer.
This work is about the research in developing tendency of Georgia’s winter tourism market. There were questioned those tourist companies’ managers, who offer customers winter tourism service. For this research we have used quantity of researching method, such as face to face interview, internet and telephonic interview.
The research has shown that the most popular and demanding winter resorts are: Bakuriani, Gudauri, Mestia and Xulo. Tourists have especially big interest of Bakuriani and Gudauri. Also is rising an interest about new mountain ski resort called Mestia. Natural conditions and infrastructure determines an attractiveness of these resorts. 2/3 of tourists are foreigners, who are mostly interested in mountain skiing sport. Most tours are organized, although the prices are quite high to the companies mind. For to attract customers, they use advertising traditional forms _ internet. Most significant fact is, that a huge amount of companies apply for social networks and are very popular in attracting the customers by using these method.
Although most tourists are eager to visit winter resorts of Georgia, but they have some claims about improving infrastructure and reducing prices. Tourists are dissatisfied about outdated mountain skiing infrastructure; therefore a tourism service should be improved. All these will help Georgian winter resorts to be improved, be more competitive and to have its place in the world’s tourism industry.
tourism is not only profitable industry, but the main vector for the development of peace and well-being of the population. In order to achieve success in this field several opportunities should be implemented: the development of more diversified and high-quality tourism products, effective and intensive marketing and promotion activities, enhancing visitor experiences and improving service quality – ultimately creating a world-class tourism destination, that stimulates international demand beyond Georgia’s neighboring countries.