Papers by Arun K U M A R Kshetree
Butwal Campus Journal, 2020
This study presents the situation of inclusion of gender and indigenous perspectives in the M Ed ... more This study presents the situation of inclusion of gender and indigenous perspectives in the M Ed English courses namely 'Interdisciplinary Readings Part-1' and 'Readings in English'. It is basically a textual analysis of how gender roles are represented in the different texts of these courses and to whether there is the inclusion of indigenous knowledge in the texts to relate the previous knowledge of the readers with the new knowledge to be imparted. The researchers analyzed the texts in both courses and found that both courses were not able to respect gender balance in the matter of inclusion of female writers and female related issues though there are a significant number of texts with female names. Not only this, the inclusion of indigenous knowledge was also slightly neglected in both courses which may result in less interest of students. The researchers recommend to include both perspectives properly in the courses of English so that the students enjoy learning new things linking them with what they have been practicing while reading the texts. The study will contribute to the syllabus designers, textbook writers, researchers and future teacher trainers for developing some insights related to these issues and help learners learn with pride and the feeling of ownership on gender issues and IK.
Oikos Nomos: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 2024
Shadow education is also called private tutoring but it covers many other ways of getting support... more Shadow education is also called private tutoring but it covers many other ways of getting support in studies. It has been very common in Nepal and everywhere in the world since formal education started. This paper is a part of the study with 'Faculty Research Grant' from the University Grants Commission, Nepal. We have studied the different forms of shadow education used by students of high school level asking the teachers teaching in high schools and the students studying bachelor level in different universities in Nepal about their school level experiences regarding shadow education activities and the impact of shadow education in their scores. It was a survey study based on the information gathered from different faculty students studying at the bachelor level. For the research tool we used a questionnaire for the students and a set of interview guidelines for FGD and interviewing the teachers teaching in high schools of three major cities of Nepal; Butwal, Pokhara and Kathmandu. After the analysis of the information gathered, we found that there were different forms of shadowing in education that have been in practice in Nepal and the trend of shadowing has also been changing with the development of ICTs and online applications. We also found that there were majority of the students practising shadow education and it was also revealed that most of the students' achievement in education was promoted by different forms of shadowing. So shadowing in education is a good practice as the teachers viewed that the students involved in shadowing were good in the classes. The paper proves that shadowing needs to be systematized and any unethical practices in shadow education need to be controlled by the concerned authority.
In discussions about how students are questioned in English Language Teaching (ELT) classrooms, t... more In discussions about how students are questioned in English Language Teaching (ELT) classrooms, there is an emphasis on different questioning types and purposes that are still relatively new in many Nepali classroom settings. In this context, this study was conducted to explore secondary level English teachers' practices of questioning the students in the classrooms. The study adopted a qualitative research design. For this, eight secondary level English teachers from four community schools of Arghakhanchi, Dang, Palpa and Rupandehi districts in Lumbini Province were selected as informants. The data were elicited through classroom observation and semi-structured interviews. First, classroom observation of eight teachers was carried out. Then, they were interviewed. Analysis of qualitative data uncovered that the majority of the teachers adopted higher-order, lower-order, and follow-up types of questions to create interactive environments in the classrooms and develop their communicative skills. In addition, the data also revealed that the teachers asked the students some brainstorming and critical thinking questions to enhance their critical thinking ability. Moreover, the data demonstrated that most of the students preferred to be asked questions while a few of them were afraid of making mistakes while answering verbally. Furthermore, it was also explored that sometimes with a shout and angry mood, the students were asked unsuitable and irrelevant questions about the topics. Additionally, the data mirrored that when the students were asked questions engaging them in interactions, they got motivated and ready to respond without any hesitation. This study contributes to the understanding of English teachers about the ways and purposes of questioning to enhance students' performance in the English language
Butwal Campus journal, Dec 31, 2023
Teachers are the change agents of the society and nation and they always have to update themselve... more Teachers are the change agents of the society and nation and they always have to update themselves with the changes in time, technology and situation. They have to learn all the time. Many teachers are not aware of the teacher learning processes and they are not aware of the various opportunities of teacher learning and professional development. Teacher professional development is not just the product of formal teacher trainings organized by the authorities outside but a product of continuous teaching learning activities of the teachers themselves. The study was conducted by purposively selecting 30 secondary school English teachers of Rupandehi District using a set of questionnaire. This article aims at analysing the teachers' views regarding how teaching and trainings help their professional learning and tries to highlight some of the most common and useful strategies for the process of teacher learning and teachers' professional development. As most of the strategies presented below do not cost extra fund to apply in the day to day life, the teachers need to use these activities in their day to day life so that they can improve their practices which will ultimately improve the education. It was found that the teachers were not much aware of the fact that they can learn much by teaching and they can develop their practices of teaching through teacher trainings they attended. Not only this, the teachers were found to be not much willing for their professional development as well.
Journal of Tilottama, Dec 31, 2023
The paper attempts to explore the crucial role of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) within the ... more The paper attempts to explore the crucial role of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) within the realm of English language teacher training in Nepal. PCK serves as a vital bridge between teachers' Content Knowledge (CK) and Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), facilitating effective teaching practices and enhancing student learning outcomes. The study examines the interconnectedness of PK, CK, and PCK, with the aim of improving the quality of teacher preparation programs and ultimately, the English language education system in Nepal. Through an extensive literature review, the research establishes a theoretical foundation, examining the conceptual framework of PCK and its significance in teacher education. It identifies existing gaps and challenges in current Nepalese English language teacher training practices, emphasizing the need for the seamless integration of PK, CK, and PCK in classroom instruction. The paper concludes that the contents of the teacher education and training programs differed from what the experts thought should be given. The broader areas of subject matter become narrower in the TPD program in Nepal. However, the nature of the programs is also responsible for the type of content being tried to be imparted to the English teachers. The research identified various factors influencing the successful implementation of PCK in teacher training. These included limited emphasis on PCK in the curriculum, time and resource constraints, and a lack of alignment between teacher education institutions and school practices. The findings underscored the importance of curriculum reforms and the provision of ongoing professional development opportunities to strengthen PCK integration.
Vox Batauli
This paper has been prepared on the basis of the study to find out the different kinds of nonverb... more This paper has been prepared on the basis of the study to find out the different kinds of nonverbal communications in English classes of secondary level students. It was prepared with the aim of investigating the effect of nonverbal clues of the teachers in teaching English. Forty students of grade ten from four different schools of Butwal Sub-metropolitan city were asked some questions related to the nonverbal communication and nonverbal behaviours of the teachers and their impact on the students specially focusing on the English teachers and their classes. From the data gathered it was found out that the non verbal communication is very common and important in English classes and in many cases it supports the students in getting meanings of different expressions of the teachers and helps them to get motivated in learning English. One thing of caution is that the non verbal behaviours are much culture bound and the teachers need to be aware of the cultural background of the student...
KMC Journal
The classroom activities refer to the techniques and activities used by the teacher in the classr... more The classroom activities refer to the techniques and activities used by the teacher in the classroom to teach the topic of the day. This article is based on the observation of the classroom activities of the trainee teachers while teaching English. In this study, I have presented what actually the trainee English teachers of the basic level schools of Butwal Sub-metropolitan City tried to do to make their students feel easy in learning English. Based on the classroom observation, the activities of the teachers have been categorized in three major categories namely starting the lesson, lesson or content delivery and closing the lesson. The activities observed during the class observation of the trainee teachers have been presented with some theoretical bases related to the activities. In fact, the students of the Bachelor’s Level of Education have to teach the students as the trainee teachers for just two weeks in the schools around the campus and their classes are observed by their ...
Kaladarpan कलादर्पण
The courses and curricula get changed with the changes occur in the society which cause the chang... more The courses and curricula get changed with the changes occur in the society which cause the change in the objectives and aims of studying the courses. This paper is based on the content analysis of the BBS First Year English course of Tribhuvan University of Nepal from feminist perspective. It intends to raise gender awareness in teachers, students and course designers as well. I have tried to analyse the recommended reading texts in the course from feminist viewpoint. In fact the textbooks provide guidelines for both teachers and students and play a vital role in shaping students’ behaviors and ideology. So, the textbooks should be analyzed to explore the potential impact they make upon students. The study was executed to explore the representation of males and females in terms of status, roles, occupations and activities in BBS first year English textbook of TU which was revised and implemented from this year. For this the texts were studied and analysed from the feminist viewpoin...
Butwal Campus Journal
This article is based on the paper presented as the key note speech in the National Conference or... more This article is based on the paper presented as the key note speech in the National Conference organized by Siddhartha Campus Kapilvastu. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the post COVID challenges and opportunities in education sector specially focusing on the ELT classes. There were drastic changes in ELT situation during the COVID-19 period which created long term impact in the students and teachers as well as the school administration even after the pandemic situation. The lockdown period terror and the shifting the modalities of teaching and learning of English were really torturing to not only the students and teachers but also to the parents of the students and the family members of the teachers. The traumatic effect of that time affected the teaching learning for some time after the situation came to normal and it also taught some long-term skills in all.
Butwal Campus Journal
The Teacher Professional Development (TPD) Program in Nepal is a very much ambitious program aime... more The Teacher Professional Development (TPD) Program in Nepal is a very much ambitious program aimed at encouraging the teachers for their professional development. This paper aims to study and analyze the situation of implementation of the TPD program to train the English teachers of Nepal in relation to the policy guidelines of the program and to suggest some ways to improve the implementation of the TPD program so that the great resources in the form of investment in training the teachers ultimately result in the improvement of the English language teaching learning situation of Nepal. The results show that the program is very nice and designed perfectly for the Nepalese teachers’ professional development but there are many lacunas in different steps of the implementation of the program which seem to result in the failure of the TPD program in case of ELT teachers training as the transfer of training was found to be very stumpy.
NELTA GAndaki, 2020
This article is a part of a mini-research conducted in Rupandehi district, Tilottama municipality... more This article is a part of a mini-research conducted in Rupandehi district, Tilottama municipality to find out the situation of shadowing in education and its effect in English language learning. It focuses on the students' views towards shadowing to learn English. Though the study was conducted there in two private schools of the municipality, the participants were from various districts and have passed SEE from different government and private schools of Lumbini region and outside. The results found include that the students are spellbound in taking part in shadow activities of education and they believe that whatever they achieved was due to shadowing not due to the regular classes. The study also reveals some unwanted activities of the teachers involved in shadow activities like giving clues of questions to prepare the exams, helping students in exam halls and so on.
KY Publication, 2020
This article is a report of a survey on how the student teachers in Faculty of Education, Tribhuv... more This article is a report of a survey on how the student teachers in Faculty of Education, Tribhuvan University, view towards microteaching. The article starts with a short theoretical introduction of the microteaching programme as an integral part of practice teaching. The article also introduces the role of microteaching in TU Faculty of Education programs and the students' evaluation. The article presents the questionnaire used to find out the views of students towards microteaching. Some key findings are listed out and some recommendations on the basis of the findings especially to TU authority are suggested only to give more importance to the microteaching in the teacher preparation programs in Faculty of Education TU. The findings include that the student teachers or trainee teachers were positive towards microteaching and they thought that the program was really useful to bridge the gap between the theory and real practical life in language teaching.
This article aims at exploring the problems of teaching speaking encountered by secondary level E... more This article aims at exploring the problems of teaching speaking encountered by secondary level English teachers. It also focuses on solutions to the problems for changing the situation of English speaking skills development. As research participants, I selected eight English teachers (two teachers from each school) teaching speaking skills in grade X in community and institutional schools of Rupandehi district. The study found that the teaching of English speaking was seriously neglected, not only by the students but also by the teachers, basically due to the examination system that mainly focuses on reading and writing skills. Furthermore, it also showed that teachers had problems in teaching speaking since they lacked resources and competency in speaking English. In addition, it showed revealed that the teachers were not familiar with the principles of teaching speaking, and mostly the teaching of speaking was not getting proper space or almost neglected. The article recommends some suggestions to incorporate some cooperative speaking skills to solve the problems. The study is expected to have a great significance in improving the 21 st century language pedagogy in general and in addressing the problems in teaching speaking in particular.
This article is based on the case study research conducted in Rupandehi District, Sainamaina Muni... more This article is based on the case study research conducted in Rupandehi District, Sainamaina Municipality with the objective of finding out the attitudes of English teachers towards shadowing in English language teaching (ELT). The study was conducted with two types of participants; five teachers involved in shadowing activities and five more who were not involved in shadowing. The study will be significant in designing the policy regarding the shadowing in education. The results found that the teachers' attitudes vary according to whether they were involved in shadowing activities but most of the teachers were found to be positive towards the benefits of shadowing activities in ELT. The study also revealed that the attitudes of teachers towards shadowing activities were linked with their religious beliefs as well. The teachers were found to believe that the shadowing activities were great opportunity for the development of language skills in students as there is chance to the students to practise more.
This study presents the situation of inclusion of gender and indigenous perspectives in the M Ed ... more This study presents the situation of inclusion of gender and indigenous perspectives in the M Ed English courses namely ‘Interdisciplinary Readings Part-1’ and ‘Readings in English’. It is basically a textual analysis of how gender roles are represented in the different texts of these courses and to whether there is the inclusion of indigenous knowledge in the texts to relate the previous knowledge of the readers with the new knowledge to be imparted. The researchers analyzed the texts in both courses and found that both courses were not able to respect gender balance in the matter of inclusion of female writers and female related issues though there are a significant number of texts with female names. Not only this, the inclusion of indigenous knowledge was also slightly neglected in both courses which may result in less interest of students. The researchers recommend to include both perspectives properly in the courses of English so that the students enjoy learning new things link...
This article is a part of a mini-research conducted in Rupandehi district, Tilottama municipality... more This article is a part of a mini-research conducted in Rupandehi district, Tilottama municipality to find out the situation of shadowing in education and its effect in English language learning. It focuses on the students' views towards shadowing to learn English. Though the study was conducted there in two private schools of the municipality, the participants were from various districts and have passed SEE from different government and private schools of Lumbini region and outside. The results found include that the students are spellbound in taking part in shadow activities of education and they believe that whatever they achieved was due to shadowing not due to the regular classes. The study also reveals some unwanted activities of the teachers involved in shadow activities like giving clues of questions to prepare the exams, helping students in exam halls and so on.
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Papers by Arun K U M A R Kshetree