Papers by Anna Maleszka
Towns on the Edge in Medieval Europe: the Social and Political Order of Peripheral Urban Communities from the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries, British Academy Proceedings no. 244 (Oxford University Press), ed. M.F. Stevens, R. Czaja, p. 208-235, 2022
Towns on the Edge in Medieval Europe: the Social and Political Order of Peripheral Urban Communities from the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries, British Academy Proceedings no. 244 (Oxford University Press), ed. M.F. Stevens, R. Czaja, p. 142-161, 2022
Towns on the Edge in Medieval Europe: the Social and Political Order of Peripheral Urban Communities from the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries, British Academy Proceedings no. 244 (Oxford University Press), ed. M.F. Stevens, R. Czaja, p. 165-189, 2022
Stevens Matthew Frank, Czaja Roman (red.): Towns on the edge in medieval Europe: the social and political order of peripheral urban communities from the twelfth to sixteenth centuries, Proceedings of the British Academy, nr 244, Oxford University Press, s. 93-119 , 2022
This chapter compares key ordinances and statutes issued in selected Irish (Dublin and Waterford)... more This chapter compares key ordinances and statutes issued in selected Irish (Dublin and Waterford) and Prussian (Thorn and Königsberg) cities in the fourteenth century. The authors treat these sources as ‘program texts’, that is, texts conveying the intentions of legislators who wanted to socially discipline residents in various spheres of life, that is to reinforce their own
authority while shaping social attitudes towards certain matters. An analysis of parallel sources indicates that in both Prussian and Irish cities of the fourteenth century regulations concerned a wide spectrum of issues related to civic security, broadly conceived. Clusters of regulations were designed, for example, to ensuring an adequate quality of basic foodstuffs, city hygiene and fire prevention. The authors identify, within this spectrum of regulation, a number of very similar disciplinary ordinances adopted independently of each other in the two regions under study, including those controlling producers and places of sale, opposition to speculation, the labelling of products, control of weights and measures, and the regulation of animal husbandry. Regional differences mainly refer to the type of goods regulated. These close parallels are shown to demonstrate intersections between the solutions they adopted to similarly perceived problems, given both universal elements of developing fourteenth-century urban life and their parallel peripheral, colonial positions. Statutes and ordinances adopted by municipal governments expressed an intent to shape specific social attitudes mainly by means of disciplinary entries, that is, items of regulation dictating punishments for misbehaviour within the urban space. It is argued that by referring to the linked ideas of the ‘common good’ and the consent of the residents, statutes and ordinances were made a tool for legitimizing the social and political order (as defined in Section 6, above) of the community, or changes introduced to it. Therefore, tendencies to control production and trade, to discipline social behavior and to legitimize the decisions of narrow ruling groups appeared near contemporaneously in these unrelated parts of Europe. Primary sources: The main sources for Ireland shall be Dublin town books and borough customs, containing more than 130
ordinances from the fourteenth century, supplemented by similar, though less extensive, records of Waterford ‘laws and usages’. Additionally, recorded ‘acts’ by the mayor, bailiff’s and commons of Dublin (as published in CARD) shall be consulted. The main sources for Prussia shall be the surviving Koenigsberg bylaws of 1385 and 1394, and the surviving
bylaws of Toruń (newtown) 1300–1350 and (oldtown) 1345–1547.
Urban History, 2021
This article presents comparative research on the role of towns and urban networks in the process... more This article presents comparative research on the role of towns and urban networks in the process of constructing space during conquest and colonization in selected ‘non-Roman’ regions of Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It focuses on Kulmerland in Prussia and Meath in Ireland. In both regions, the creation of urban networks and new regional spaces entailed the use of pre-existing settlement. However, reception intensity was determined by both the state of preservation of the earlier settlement and the needs of territorial authorities. This comparison shows ways of using symbolic potential (names, central places) and former settlement points for the construction of cities. In both territories, the functions of central places were particularized due to subinfeudation.
Studies of the Military Orders, Prussia, and Urban History: Essays in Honour of Roman Czaja on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday / Beiträge zur Ritterordens-, Preußen- und Städteforschung. Festschrift für Roman Czaja zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. J.Sarnowsky, K.Kwiatkowski, H.Houben, L.Pósán, 2020
Jerusalem as the Text of Culture, Peter Lang , 2018
The paper discusses the image of Jerusalem and Holy Land as presented in the texts of pilgrims an... more The paper discusses the image of Jerusalem and Holy Land as presented in the texts of pilgrims and crusaders of the 12th and 14th. The context of the analysis is the history of struggles over Jerusalem.
EXCLUSIÓN Y DISCIPLINA SOCIAL EN LA CIUDAD MEDIEVAL EUROPEA, ed. Jesús Ángel Solórzano Telechea, Jelle Haemers y Roman Czaja, 2018
Przestrzeń - prawo - pismo: studia nad elementami kultury miejskiej, red. A. Buczyło, A. Maleszka, J. Możdżeń, 2018
The horror story writers of the early 20th century presented various views on the surrounding rea... more The horror story writers of the early 20th century presented various views on the surrounding reality. Howard P. Lovecraft and Montague R. James, for their part, rejected the mere possibility of phenomena regarded as supernatural, contrary to other writers, such as Arthur C. Doyle, Arthur Machen or Algernon Blackwood, who were members of theosophical or occultist societies. The writers differed also in the level of their education. Lovecraft was an erudite interested in science, notwithstanding the fact that he did not receive formal education. James was a respected medievalist, a specialist in the history of Christianity. Blackwood, educated abroad (in Germany), explicitly differed in his artistic output from Machen, a Welshman, who left the United Kingdom only to pursue his journalistic career. The aim of the article is to present the haunted places in the literary works of the chosen authors and to juxtapose their narratives with their scholarly achievements and their views on the surrounding reality. Based on the New Historicist approach, the study shows that the roots of horror in the haunted places presented by the authors in their works were more “material” than “supernatural”—what accounted for their choices of haunted places, story characters and haunting horrors were personal attitudes and life experience of each of the writers.
Livonia ab urbe condita - the medieval urbanization of Livonia.
Issues examined in the article c... more Livonia ab urbe condita - the medieval urbanization of Livonia.
Issues examined in the article concern the beginnings of urbanization in medieval Livonia. From the early 13th century Livonia was being gradually conquered by the three competing forces: the Bishop of Riga, initially supported by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the Kingdom of Denmark and, since 1238, the Teutonic Order. In order to strengthen control over vast areas, they established towns and fortresses, thus introducing a new type of social phenomenon in Livonia. The article attempts to characterize the medieval urban network of Livonia, present the reasons for establishing towns in the region, and indicate the most important implications of granting municipal charters to Livonian towns. Some features of town rights are illustrated on the example of fragments of historical sources.
The article analyzes the way of presenting and referring to emotions of the Muslim opponents of t... more The article analyzes the way of presenting and referring to emotions of the Muslim opponents of the crusaders as depicted in the three selected chronicles of the crusades: Gesta Francorum, Guibert of Nogent's chronicle and William of Tyre's chronicle. The author argues that the way of presenting emotions of the Muslim enemies in the chronicles was dependent on several factors, e.g. the time and circumstances of the creation of the chronicle, or the personality of the chronicler.
Book Reviews by Anna Maleszka
Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica. Yearbook for the Study of the Military Orders, 2018
Review of The Military Orders. Vol. 6.1, Culture and Conflict in the Mediterranean World, and Vol... more Review of The Military Orders. Vol. 6.1, Culture and Conflict in the Mediterranean World, and Vol. 6.2, Culture and Conflict in Western and Northern Europe Edited by Jochen Schenk and Mike Carr. London–New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis, 2017. 228 and 241 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4724-7635-7 and 978-1-4724-7638-8.
Conferences, Workshops, Talks and Lectures by Anna Maleszka
by Jesús Ángel Solórzano Telechea, Mario Damen, Justine Firnhaber-Baker, Herminia Vilar, Fermín Miranda-García, Hannelore Franck, EDUARD JUNCOSA BONET, Anna Maleszka, Sandra Suárez García, Ana Pereira Ferreira, Javier Ilundain Chamarro, and Rui Miguel Rocha
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Papers by Anna Maleszka
authority while shaping social attitudes towards certain matters. An analysis of parallel sources indicates that in both Prussian and Irish cities of the fourteenth century regulations concerned a wide spectrum of issues related to civic security, broadly conceived. Clusters of regulations were designed, for example, to ensuring an adequate quality of basic foodstuffs, city hygiene and fire prevention. The authors identify, within this spectrum of regulation, a number of very similar disciplinary ordinances adopted independently of each other in the two regions under study, including those controlling producers and places of sale, opposition to speculation, the labelling of products, control of weights and measures, and the regulation of animal husbandry. Regional differences mainly refer to the type of goods regulated. These close parallels are shown to demonstrate intersections between the solutions they adopted to similarly perceived problems, given both universal elements of developing fourteenth-century urban life and their parallel peripheral, colonial positions. Statutes and ordinances adopted by municipal governments expressed an intent to shape specific social attitudes mainly by means of disciplinary entries, that is, items of regulation dictating punishments for misbehaviour within the urban space. It is argued that by referring to the linked ideas of the ‘common good’ and the consent of the residents, statutes and ordinances were made a tool for legitimizing the social and political order (as defined in Section 6, above) of the community, or changes introduced to it. Therefore, tendencies to control production and trade, to discipline social behavior and to legitimize the decisions of narrow ruling groups appeared near contemporaneously in these unrelated parts of Europe. Primary sources: The main sources for Ireland shall be Dublin town books and borough customs, containing more than 130
ordinances from the fourteenth century, supplemented by similar, though less extensive, records of Waterford ‘laws and usages’. Additionally, recorded ‘acts’ by the mayor, bailiff’s and commons of Dublin (as published in CARD) shall be consulted. The main sources for Prussia shall be the surviving Koenigsberg bylaws of 1385 and 1394, and the surviving
bylaws of Toruń (newtown) 1300–1350 and (oldtown) 1345–1547.
Issues examined in the article concern the beginnings of urbanization in medieval Livonia. From the early 13th century Livonia was being gradually conquered by the three competing forces: the Bishop of Riga, initially supported by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the Kingdom of Denmark and, since 1238, the Teutonic Order. In order to strengthen control over vast areas, they established towns and fortresses, thus introducing a new type of social phenomenon in Livonia. The article attempts to characterize the medieval urban network of Livonia, present the reasons for establishing towns in the region, and indicate the most important implications of granting municipal charters to Livonian towns. Some features of town rights are illustrated on the example of fragments of historical sources.
Book Reviews by Anna Maleszka
Conferences, Workshops, Talks and Lectures by Anna Maleszka
authority while shaping social attitudes towards certain matters. An analysis of parallel sources indicates that in both Prussian and Irish cities of the fourteenth century regulations concerned a wide spectrum of issues related to civic security, broadly conceived. Clusters of regulations were designed, for example, to ensuring an adequate quality of basic foodstuffs, city hygiene and fire prevention. The authors identify, within this spectrum of regulation, a number of very similar disciplinary ordinances adopted independently of each other in the two regions under study, including those controlling producers and places of sale, opposition to speculation, the labelling of products, control of weights and measures, and the regulation of animal husbandry. Regional differences mainly refer to the type of goods regulated. These close parallels are shown to demonstrate intersections between the solutions they adopted to similarly perceived problems, given both universal elements of developing fourteenth-century urban life and their parallel peripheral, colonial positions. Statutes and ordinances adopted by municipal governments expressed an intent to shape specific social attitudes mainly by means of disciplinary entries, that is, items of regulation dictating punishments for misbehaviour within the urban space. It is argued that by referring to the linked ideas of the ‘common good’ and the consent of the residents, statutes and ordinances were made a tool for legitimizing the social and political order (as defined in Section 6, above) of the community, or changes introduced to it. Therefore, tendencies to control production and trade, to discipline social behavior and to legitimize the decisions of narrow ruling groups appeared near contemporaneously in these unrelated parts of Europe. Primary sources: The main sources for Ireland shall be Dublin town books and borough customs, containing more than 130
ordinances from the fourteenth century, supplemented by similar, though less extensive, records of Waterford ‘laws and usages’. Additionally, recorded ‘acts’ by the mayor, bailiff’s and commons of Dublin (as published in CARD) shall be consulted. The main sources for Prussia shall be the surviving Koenigsberg bylaws of 1385 and 1394, and the surviving
bylaws of Toruń (newtown) 1300–1350 and (oldtown) 1345–1547.
Issues examined in the article concern the beginnings of urbanization in medieval Livonia. From the early 13th century Livonia was being gradually conquered by the three competing forces: the Bishop of Riga, initially supported by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the Kingdom of Denmark and, since 1238, the Teutonic Order. In order to strengthen control over vast areas, they established towns and fortresses, thus introducing a new type of social phenomenon in Livonia. The article attempts to characterize the medieval urban network of Livonia, present the reasons for establishing towns in the region, and indicate the most important implications of granting municipal charters to Livonian towns. Some features of town rights are illustrated on the example of fragments of historical sources.
españolas, europeas y americanas reflexionan sobre la relación entre la normativa y la autoridad, entre el centro y la periferia, en las ciudades del arco atlántico y del Báltico desde una perspectiva transnacional y comparativa del derecho urbano y las prácticas legales en el periodo comprendido entre el 1150 y 1550, cuando se produjeron cambios muy profundos y duraderos para la historia jurídica y política de las comunidades urbanas que, debido a los desafíos específicos de la vida en las “periferias” marítimas, vieron surgir soluciones singulares que dieron lugar a sociedades igualmente únicas, que forman parte de los antecedentes históricos de muchas identidades cívicas —y aun nacionales— de la Europa de nuestros días.
gobierno urbano, ya que permitió a los líderes laicos y eclesiásticos mantener el control de los habitantes de los centros urbanos sobre la base del mantenimiento
de una determinada disciplina social y de una sociedad “ordenada”. Así, se definió la sociedad urbana medieval como una comunidad de valores acorde a la legislación
eclesiástica y secular, y se articuló un discurso político, que se incorporó a la esfera de lo público. La comunidad urbana se tuvo que acomodar a un marco legal e ideológico y a unos parámetros de comportamiento, en el que la exclusión y la inclusión de la comunidad fueron una poderosa herramienta de comunicación de la disciplina social.