A high world demand for crude palm oil has caused a reduction in the area of Indonesia’s tropical... more A high world demand for crude palm oil has caused a reduction in the area of Indonesia’s tropical rainforests over the past several decades. Our hypothesis is that the expansion of the area devoted to oil palm plantations at the expense of primary and secondary tropical rainforests will increase the local surface temperature. While similar studies of other crops have been reported, this is the first time this particular hypothesis has been investigated and reported using the remote sensing methods described in this paper. In this study, we used remotely sensed data to quantify land use changes from tropical rainforests to oil palm plantations, calculated the surface temperature from thermal infrared data supplied by band 6 of the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), examined the correlations of surface temperature to foliage cover, and conducted field work to verify the results obtained using the remotely sensed data. For this study, we used a new spectral index, Principal Polar Spectral Greenness (PPSG), that is potentially more sensitive than other index to small changes in foliage cover at high cover levels. The outcome of satellite image processing is only 0.2 °C different from direct temperature measurement in the field. Our study indicated that less density of the closed-canopy composition of oil palm trees resulted in higher surface temperature.
This study presents an evaluation of urban micro-climate about the exsistence level urban vegetat... more This study presents an evaluation of urban micro-climate about the exsistence level urban vegetation, in association with the urban temperature (surface temperature) and urban built-up area of Bandung City. The changes in urban vegetation cover, urban temperature, and urban built-up area observed using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM + bands were evaluated on the basis of the WDRVI (Wide Dynamic Range Vegetation Indices), NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-up Index), and SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index). It was found that, due to the uncontrolled urban growth and the removal of urban vegetation cover and urban green space, there was a significant increase in urban temperature, in NDBI, but a decrease in WDRVI. The maximum urban temperatures, NDBI, and the minimum values of WDRVI indices were established in 2009. Therefore the results indicate a significant effect of higher density of impervious surfaces coverage (urban built-up area) contributing significantly to the increase of urban temperature. Again the results also confirm that urban vegetation landscape coverage in the surrounding of industrial area reduced the urban temperature. Based on the results, we recommend the city government to provide more urban green space by cooperating with private land owner, in order to decrease urban temperature and create a healthier living environment for urban inhabitants.
Increasing prices and demand for biofuel and cooking oil from importer countries have caused a re... more Increasing prices and demand for biofuel and cooking oil from importer countries have caused a remarkable expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia. In this paper, we attempt to monitor the expansion of oil palm plantations on peat land and in tropical forests. We measure the GHG emissions from the land conversion activities at provincial scale. Using Landsat images from three different periods (1990s, 2000s and 2012), we classified LULC of the Riau Province, which is the largest oil palm producing region in Indonesia. A hybrid method of integration, generated by combining automatic processing and manual analysis, yields the best results. We found that the tropical rainforest cover decreased from ,63% in the 1990s to ,37% in the 2000s. By 2012, the remaining tropical rainforest cover was only ,22%. From the 1990s to the 2000s, conversion of forests and peat lands was the primary source of emissions, total CO 2 emitted to the atmosphere was estimated at ,26.6 million tCO 2 .y -1 , with 40.62% and 59.38% of the emissions from conversion of peat lands and forests, respectively. Between 2000 and 2012, the total CO 2 emitted to the atmosphere was estimated at ,5.2 million tCO 2 . y -1 , with 69.94% and 27.62% of the emissions from converted peat lands and converted forests, respectively. The results show that in the Riau Province, the oil palm industry boomed in the period from 1990 to 2000, with transformation of tropical forest and peat land as the primary source of emissions. The decrease of CO 2 emissions in the period from 2000 to 2012 is possibly due to the enforcement of a moratorium on deforestation.
This article explores two different images with different resolution to extract lineaments featur... more This article explores two different images with different resolution to extract lineaments feature. The medium and high spatial resolution remotely-sensed images were used in this study are Landsat 7 ETM+ and ALOS PALSAR. Our additional algorithm stages in medium resolution Landsat 7 ETM+ image successfully discriminating fracture in different geological environment, the result almost similarly with high spatial resolution image.
This study discusses the vegetation indices values characteristics for mapping oil palm closed-ca... more This study discusses the vegetation indices values characteristics for mapping oil palm closed-canopy composition using six different methods. We found that vegetation indices value in every different technique could not distinguish between mature oil palm tree and new planted tree, except for the brightness level from TCT algorithm. The classification result shows better accuracy than using original bands, but the classification is still difficult to distinguish new planted and young oil palm trees due to the similar reflectance value.
In field of Remote Sensing and GIS, recently become easier to find and download satellite imagery... more In field of Remote Sensing and GIS, recently become easier to find and download satellite imagery from official data provider website freely, but the aggravating circumstance is the expensive price for satellite imagery processing and GIS commercial software. This paper attempt to give solutions for this matter. At present we have many choices because of the presence of open source software and online software tools. We can easily download from internet and use the software. We are using general method in giving lecture on satellite imagery processing and GIS based on internet connection availability and open source software. The case is urban growth monitoring with road network as a driving force from developing of transportation access. To obtain the optimum way in giving lecture on satellite imagery processing and GIS. We applied statistical analysis using six variables (optimum duration, subject matter, illustration and descriptions, feedback, planning the lesson and material, repeating the lesson from quiz) in three different duration time (45,60, and 90 minutes). We found the most optimum duration time in giving lecture using internet connection and open source software is 90 minutes with only single subject matter. This method is the most simply method and freely to give lecture in satellite imagery processing and GIS.
A high world demand for crude palm oil has caused a reduction in the area of Indonesia’s tropical... more A high world demand for crude palm oil has caused a reduction in the area of Indonesia’s tropical rainforests over the past several decades. Our hypothesis is that the expansion of the area devoted to oil palm plantations at the expense of primary and secondary tropical rainforests will increase the local surface temperature. While similar studies of other crops have been reported, this is the first time this particular hypothesis has been investigated and reported using the remote sensing methods described in this paper. In this study, we used remotely sensed data to quantify land use changes from tropical rainforests to oil palm plantations, calculated the surface temperature from thermal infrared data supplied by band 6 of the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), examined the correlations of surface temperature to foliage cover, and conducted field work to verify the results obtained using the remotely sensed data. For this study, we used a new spectral index, Principal Polar Spectral Greenness (PPSG), that is potentially more sensitive than other index to small changes in foliage cover at high cover levels. The outcome of satellite image processing is only 0.2 °C different from direct temperature measurement in the field. Our study indicated that less density of the closed-canopy composition of oil palm trees resulted in higher surface temperature.
This study presents an evaluation of urban micro-climate about the exsistence level urban vegetat... more This study presents an evaluation of urban micro-climate about the exsistence level urban vegetation, in association with the urban temperature (surface temperature) and urban built-up area of Bandung City. The changes in urban vegetation cover, urban temperature, and urban built-up area observed using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM + bands were evaluated on the basis of the WDRVI (Wide Dynamic Range Vegetation Indices), NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-up Index), and SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index). It was found that, due to the uncontrolled urban growth and the removal of urban vegetation cover and urban green space, there was a significant increase in urban temperature, in NDBI, but a decrease in WDRVI. The maximum urban temperatures, NDBI, and the minimum values of WDRVI indices were established in 2009. Therefore the results indicate a significant effect of higher density of impervious surfaces coverage (urban built-up area) contributing significantly to the increase of urban temperature. Again the results also confirm that urban vegetation landscape coverage in the surrounding of industrial area reduced the urban temperature. Based on the results, we recommend the city government to provide more urban green space by cooperating with private land owner, in order to decrease urban temperature and create a healthier living environment for urban inhabitants.
Increasing prices and demand for biofuel and cooking oil from importer countries have caused a re... more Increasing prices and demand for biofuel and cooking oil from importer countries have caused a remarkable expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia. In this paper, we attempt to monitor the expansion of oil palm plantations on peat land and in tropical forests. We measure the GHG emissions from the land conversion activities at provincial scale. Using Landsat images from three different periods (1990s, 2000s and 2012), we classified LULC of the Riau Province, which is the largest oil palm producing region in Indonesia. A hybrid method of integration, generated by combining automatic processing and manual analysis, yields the best results. We found that the tropical rainforest cover decreased from ,63% in the 1990s to ,37% in the 2000s. By 2012, the remaining tropical rainforest cover was only ,22%. From the 1990s to the 2000s, conversion of forests and peat lands was the primary source of emissions, total CO 2 emitted to the atmosphere was estimated at ,26.6 million tCO 2 .y -1 , with 40.62% and 59.38% of the emissions from conversion of peat lands and forests, respectively. Between 2000 and 2012, the total CO 2 emitted to the atmosphere was estimated at ,5.2 million tCO 2 . y -1 , with 69.94% and 27.62% of the emissions from converted peat lands and converted forests, respectively. The results show that in the Riau Province, the oil palm industry boomed in the period from 1990 to 2000, with transformation of tropical forest and peat land as the primary source of emissions. The decrease of CO 2 emissions in the period from 2000 to 2012 is possibly due to the enforcement of a moratorium on deforestation.
This article explores two different images with different resolution to extract lineaments featur... more This article explores two different images with different resolution to extract lineaments feature. The medium and high spatial resolution remotely-sensed images were used in this study are Landsat 7 ETM+ and ALOS PALSAR. Our additional algorithm stages in medium resolution Landsat 7 ETM+ image successfully discriminating fracture in different geological environment, the result almost similarly with high spatial resolution image.
This study discusses the vegetation indices values characteristics for mapping oil palm closed-ca... more This study discusses the vegetation indices values characteristics for mapping oil palm closed-canopy composition using six different methods. We found that vegetation indices value in every different technique could not distinguish between mature oil palm tree and new planted tree, except for the brightness level from TCT algorithm. The classification result shows better accuracy than using original bands, but the classification is still difficult to distinguish new planted and young oil palm trees due to the similar reflectance value.
In field of Remote Sensing and GIS, recently become easier to find and download satellite imagery... more In field of Remote Sensing and GIS, recently become easier to find and download satellite imagery from official data provider website freely, but the aggravating circumstance is the expensive price for satellite imagery processing and GIS commercial software. This paper attempt to give solutions for this matter. At present we have many choices because of the presence of open source software and online software tools. We can easily download from internet and use the software. We are using general method in giving lecture on satellite imagery processing and GIS based on internet connection availability and open source software. The case is urban growth monitoring with road network as a driving force from developing of transportation access. To obtain the optimum way in giving lecture on satellite imagery processing and GIS. We applied statistical analysis using six variables (optimum duration, subject matter, illustration and descriptions, feedback, planning the lesson and material, repeating the lesson from quiz) in three different duration time (45,60, and 90 minutes). We found the most optimum duration time in giving lecture using internet connection and open source software is 90 minutes with only single subject matter. This method is the most simply method and freely to give lecture in satellite imagery processing and GIS.
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Papers by Fatwa Ramdani