Aerobic capacity is defined as the maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max). A large improvement in aerobic capacity can already be achieved during an intense 10-week training program.
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Non-responders to exercise probably don’t exist. However, there are people that need a lot more exercise volume to obtain the same fitness benefits compared to others.
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A breath restriction mask can be worn to increase the resistance of respiration, thereby training respiratory muscles. However, breath restriction masks do not improve adaptations to endurance training.
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Four weeks of the ‘live high train low’ (live at elevation, train closer to sea level) strategy improves performance in elite runners. It remains to be determined if the strategy is superior to other training strategies.
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B-vitamins are involved in many processes of energy production. A diet low in B-vitamins may lower exercise performance.
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Exercise training can improve exercise performance, mitochondrial function, and blood sugar control. However, excessive exercise (overtraining) can decrease performance, mitochondrial function, and glucose tolerance.
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See the infographic index on our website for an overview of all infographics including more details on each study.
It is well established that drinking too much alcohol will result in a hangover. It is commonly suggested that the hangover will be less if you stick to one type of alcoholic drink, rather than drinking different types of drinks.
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In addition, there are several sayings such as: “Beer before wine and you’ll feel fine; wine before beer and you’ll feel queer”. This suggests that the order of drinks may impact the hangover.
Mediterranean countries have lower cardiovascular mortality rates compared to northern Europe and the United States. It is often suggested that this is at least partly due to the Mediterranean diet.
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The Mediterranean diet includes high intake of olive oil, fruit, nuts, vegetables, and cereals; a moderate intake of fish and poultry. In addition, it has a low intake of dairy products, red meat, processed meats, and sweets; and moderate wine consumption.
Studies are typically relatively short (weeks to months). However, we often want to know what happens with longer-term adherence to interventions such as a training protocol or a diet.
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Therefore, data from studies needs to be extrapolated; make assumptions what would happen if the interventions would be continued.
Many supplements claim to improve body composition or exercise performance. Some supplements seem promising, while others don’t seem to do anything, and some can even be counterproductive.
Here’s a thread of some of our supplements infographics 🧵👇
Creatine is an organic compound which is naturally present in our bodies. Creatine supplementation increases muscle creatine levels, strength and muscle mass gains during resistance training.
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Nitrate-rich beetroot juice has been shown to increase endurance performance because. Beetroot juice supplementation can also improve repeated sprint performance compared to nitrate-depleted beetroot juice.
The ketogenic diet is a very low carb, high fat diet, that claims to improve exercise performance by increasing the use of fat (fat oxidation) during exercise.
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This study investigated the effect of 3 different diets during an intensive training period on training adaptations in elite race walkers.
Protein ingestion after exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis (the main process regulating muscle recovery, adaptation and growth). It has been well established that protein intake improves resistance training adaptations.
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However, little is known about the impact of protein on muscle adaptations following endurance exercise.