THREAD. Whether poring over old/modern maps or going for a walk in new/familiar places it’s always fun to wonder what the landscape we see today was like in the past & why/how it became the world we know today. Here are my #Top10Books for beginners in #medieval#landscape history
No. 1 is Christopher Taylor’s beautifully written, highly readable history of the English landscape - ahead of its time in 1983, still the best introduction today & quite ridiculously cheap secondhand. It far surpasses Hoskins, wonderful though the latter was in its time.
No. 2 is Rackham environmental history of Britain - also still unrivalled after just over 30 years. He showed how much one can tell about the past and present just by looking at trees, hedges, fields, grassland. It’s a stunner. Your world will never be the same (in a good way 😊)
No. 3 (ok, so I cheated - too many wonderful books!) are air photos and what they show. ‘Medieval England’ was the 1st for the period, & has been followed by regional studies of which @Toby_Driver1’s stunning images & explanations for Pembrokeshire is just 🥇🏆🥇🏆🥇
(Break for lunch 🍞🧀☕️)
No. 4 are these 2. Morris’ tells the story *through the landscape* of the continuous practice of Christianity in Britain from the Roman period onwards. Rodwell shows how looking at the kinds of stones in #church walls, & their patterning, can rewrite the history of the building.
No. 5 are for people who wonder abt road signs, & place, street & field names 🤔. Gelling’s ‘Signposts..’, while dated, is still (I believe) the best history of #placenames. Her ‘Landscape of .. ‘ shows what people saw when named a place, & Field’s book is the best general intro.
No. 6 changed landscape history - Taylor showed that ruined gardens of all periods lie all around us just waiting to be noticed & interpreted. His bk led to the development of #garden#history as a discipline. Shire vols are excellent: short, v readable, & written by *the* expert
No. 7 features D Hall’s amazing book on medieval open fields in England - I learned so much from it. Use it in your own landscapes! Taylor’s book tells the history of English fields in all periods & how they too can be recognised on the ground and from maps. 🙌🙌🙌
No. 8 is a fast fav - the story of the discovery of deserted medieval villages from humps & bumps on the ground, & how the history of those places can be found in old maps & documents. Lyrical & readable, & absolutely scholarly - a book for sheer pleasure. dmv.hull.ac.uk
9. Each entry in No. 9 is a master class in how to read the landscape. They’re for dipping into rather than reading from cover to cover. The Sectional Prefaces explore the history of buildings, churches, archaeology; & site descriptions show what to look for in your own landscape
If you’re interested in exploring whether a site was affected by (eg) the Black Death, depopulation by a landowner, or by a Great Depression, this is the book for you. It’s so well-written, so clear in its evaluation of different interpretations - an essential book.
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Short🧵. As many people know, Laxton, in Nottinghamshire, is one of the few places in England where large-scale #medieval open #fields survive, still collectively organised & managed in the same way that they were 6 and more centuries ago. … /1
The term ‘open fields’ has become shorthand for large (often huge) areas of arable, subdivided into unhedged blocks (‘furlongs’), subdivided in turn into narrow strips (‘selions’). #medieval#landscape. /2
And the strips (selions) in each furlong were shared out, one by one in repetitive order, between the village’s farmers. This 1617 map from Balsham, Cambs., names of the farmer of each strip. By 1617 some had acquired & merged neighbouring strips, others had subdivided theirs. /3
Pollard willows along a river bank are such a vivid reminder of centuries of unremembered famers’ labour in supporting the present with hope for a sustainable future. Here’s the story they tell… THREAD
2. Most obviously, willows are trees that prefer damp conditions so they’re often planted along rivers, streams & canals so that their root systems will help to keep the banks stable in times of flood (photo: John Sutton). But that’s the least interesting part of their story.
3. More interesting - at least to me - is their use for millennia as a crop, for making all sorts of things. Here are a few examples. Friends, I give you a reconstructed willow hurdle from fish weir c3934-2681 BC (exarc.net/issue-2018-4/e…).
Every walk has a puzzle or more that might tell the story of how that landscape evolved. That’s what makes for so much fun. So here’s a 🧵about a recent amble in case you might enjoy it too.
2. We walked past this pair of houses, one set closely behind the other. Which was the earlier? How might one tell?
3. Well, there’s a rule of thumb in Cambs. that chimney location, shapes and materials are a good place to start:
(a) the earliest chimneys in ordinary houses were set along the roof line - not on the end walls. They mostly tend to date from the 17thC though they can be earlier
The great historian G. M. Trevelyan on the enchantment of history:
‘The appeal of History to us all is in the last analysis poetic. But the poetry of History does not consist of imagination roaming at large, but of imagination pursuing the fact & fastening upon it. (1/n)
2. That which compels the historian to ‘scorn delights and live laborious days’ is the ardor of his own curiosity to know what really happened long ago in that land of mystery which we call the past. To peer into that magic mirror and see fresh figures there every day ... (2/n)
3. ... is a burning desire that consumes and satisfies him all his life, that carries him each morning, eager as a lover, to the library and muniment room. It haunts him like a passion of almost terrible potency, because it is poetic.
THREAD. There’s so much water in the fields at present - fields are floating in water. Here in the east of England it’s a practical lesson explaining so much about land use before under-field drainage began in the 17thC.
2. Seasonal springs are suddenly bubbling with water ...
THREAD. A seriously muddy walk across one of the high, flat, clay plateaux of S Cambs. today, was full of reminders that this land, too heavy for ox-drawn ploughs, was medieval common pasture studded with managed woodland..
2. The fields were full of water despite being at the top of the hills - too flat to drain well, studded with small pockets of low land that made temporary ponds..
3. Coming across Eversden Wood in this waterlogged landscape reminded me of the great Oliver Rackham’s truism that #medieval#woods are not found on land that’s good for woods, but on land that’s no good for anything else - and of his advice on how to recognise them..