Papers by Maria Kolesnikova-Allen
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2002
A minimum core subset of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], which comprised 504 landr... more A minimum core subset of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], which comprised 504 landrace accessions, was recently established from the global pearl millet germplasm collection of ICRISAT. The accessions for this core were selected by a random proportional sampling strategy following stratification of the entire landrace collection (about 16,000 accessions) according to their geographic origin and morpho-agronomic traits. In this study RFLP probes were used to quantify the genetic diversity within and between landrace accessions of this minimum core using a subset comprising ten accessions of Indian origin. Twenty five plants per accession were assayed with EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII and DraI restriction enzymes, and 16 highly polymorphic RFLP probes, nine associated with a quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for downy mildew resistance, and five associated with a QTL for drought tolerance. A total of 51 alleles were detected using 16 different probe-enzyme combinations. The partitioning of variance components based on the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for diversity analysis revealed high within-accession variability (30.9%), but the variability between accessions was significantly higher (69.1%) than that within the accessions. A dendrogram based on the dissimilarity matrix obtained using Ward's algorithm further delineated the 250 plants into ten major clusters, each comprised of plants from a single accession (with the exception of two single plants). A similar result was found in an earlier study using morpho-agronomic traits and geographic origin. This study demonstrated the utility of RFLP markers in detecting polymorphism and estimating genetic diversity in a highly cross-pollinated species such as pearl millet. When less-tedious marker systems are available, this method could be further extended to assess the genetic diversity between and within the remaining accessions in the pearl millet core subset.
Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is grown for grain and stover in the hottest and driest areas o... more Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is grown for grain and stover in the hottest and driest areas of Africa and Asia where dryland crop production is possible. In India 70% or more of the 9 m ha of this crop is sown to genetically uniform single-cross hybrids that are particularly ...
Scientific Research and Essays, May 31, 2009
ABSTRACT Nuclear DNA content of 54 accessions of 6 Dioscorea species collected from West African ... more ABSTRACT Nuclear DNA content of 54 accessions of 6 Dioscorea species collected from West African countries were determined using flow cytometry. Observed ploidy levels are diploid (2x), triploid (3x), tetraploid (4x), hexaploid (6x) and octoploid (8x). DNA index varied from 0.36 to 1.54 depending on the cultivar and considered specie. Estimated nuclear DNA sizes ranged from 0.702 ± 0.004 pg for G1 nuclei of diploid Dioscorea dumetorum to 2.573 ± 0.020 pg for G1 nuclei of octoploid Dioscorea cayenensis. Our result showed that there is a decrease in genome size with higher ploidy level. The study contributes a step towards a genome understanding of this group of plants.
La selection recurrente reciproque est une methode developpee pour ameliorer simultanement les pe... more La selection recurrente reciproque est une methode developpee pour ameliorer simultanement les performances de deux populations a caracteres complementaires. Son application a la selection du cacaoyer a commence par la mise en place de deux populations de base dont l'une est composee de cacaoyers Haut-amazoniens (HA0) et l'autre d'un melange de Bas-amazoniens et de Trinitario (BA0). Apres le premier cycle de selection recurrente intra population, la presente etude a evalue la diversite des differentes populations. L'analyse moleculaire portant sur les donnees fournies par 12 couples d'amorces microsatellites a montre dans l'ensemble une diversite intra population elevee (Hs =0.643) et une faible differenciation genetique entre les populations (Gst =0.0403). La diversite genetique est plus elevee dans la population des haut-amazoniens. La selection intra population a conduit a une reduction des parametres de diversite mais l'apport de genotypes supplementa...
For the first time it is possible to distinguish among accessions originating from Papua New Guin... more For the first time it is possible to distinguish among accessions originating from Papua New Guinea. Better fine tuning now allows tracing diploid ancestors of triploids. Breeding programmes performing affiliation studies will gain from this study, enabling cross predictions. It is possible to see the evolution of Musa acuminata, but not Musa balbisiana for which there is a need to include a wider range of representatives. Conclusions Fig. 1: Genome constitution of the 549 genotyped accessions Diversity analysis
La culture du cacaoyer en Coted'Ivoire est assuree par des milliers de paysans qui s'adre... more La culture du cacaoyer en Coted'Ivoire est assuree par des milliers de paysans qui s'adressent rarement aux fournisseurs officiels de semences pour les extensions de leurs plantations. Les sources d'approvisionnement en semences sont variees. Par consequent, la diversite du materiel existant dans le milieu pays an est mal connue. Dans cette etude, la diversite genetique de 554 individus issus des plantations paysannes des six zones de culture suivantes a ete etudiee : Abengourou, Aboisso, Divo, Gagnoa, Daloa et Soubre. Les arbres analyses ont ete selectionnes par les paysans selon les criteres de production, de resistance a la pourriture brune des cabosses et de resistance aux insectes. Les parametres de diversite genetique ont ete calcules a partir des donnees moleculaires issues de 13 loci microsatellites. Les resultats obtenus ont montre que les zones d'Abengourou et d'Aboisso sont les plus riches en alleles. L'heterozygotie observee est dans l' ensemb...
In six producing regions of Cote-d'Ivoire (Abengourou, Aboisso, Divo, Gagnoa Daloa, Soubre), ... more In six producing regions of Cote-d'Ivoire (Abengourou, Aboisso, Divo, Gagnoa Daloa, Soubre), 280 farms were visited. Based on the farmers' knowledge of their planting materials, individual trees were selected which were promising for high yield potential, with low pest infestation (mirids) or with low Phytophthora pod rot incidence. Open pollinated seed progenies were collected from 561 trees. One seedling from each of these accessions was used to study the genetic diversity with 12 microsatellite markers. Parental clones from seed-gardens in Cote-d'Ivoire and African founder genotypes were used as control populations. The farm accessions revealed high within-region and low between-region diversity. Most of the farm accessions appeared to be hybrids between Upper Amazon (UA) and Lower Amazon (LA, Amelonado) or African Trinitario parental genotypes. However, a certain percentage of accessions appeared to be fairly pure UA or LA types. The best accessions for black pod res...
The range of polymorphism of about 194 cocoa accessions collected in farms in Southern Cameroon d... more The range of polymorphism of about 194 cocoa accessions collected in farms in Southern Cameroon during field surveys and 71 Trinitario and Upper Amazon clones available in genebanks on-station was assessed using 13 SSR markers. The gene diversity, genetic differentiation and genetic similarities were analysed for the different populations. In total, 282 alleles were detected within all the populations studied. The farm accessions were strongly differentiated based on their geographical origin, with accessions coming from the East province clustering together with local Trinitario accessions from the genebank. Accessions from the Centre-South provinces clustered with Amazon and hybrid accessions, suggesting more uptake of seed garden materials in farms in these provinces. The genetic diversity parameters indicate that the farmers' planting material is not highly diverse, and is genetically close to parental genotypes available in genebanks. However, some promising Upper Amazon cl...
The fRRDB Biotechnology Group recommended in 2009 the generation of a reference sequence of rubbe... more The fRRDB Biotechnology Group recommended in 2009 the generation of a reference sequence of rubber genome in order to ease resequencing of genome for commercial clones, to accelerate breeding programmes, and to improve functional understanding of plants and consequent rubber production. So far, several national initiatives have been launched in China, Malaysia and United Kingdom, and likely in Japan and Thailand. Although genome sequence of major crops is available, only a draft sequence was published for rubber. This paper presents an overview of these different initiatives. De novo sequencing was carried out on clones Reyan7-33-97, RRlM 600, and RRfM 928. These genomes were assembled in a large number of scaffolds (7,700; 608,017 and 954,373 scaffolds, respectively) far from the 18 chromosomes of the haploid rubber genome. Rubber clones are highly heterozygous and have a high frequency of repeat sequences. These constraints are supposed to hamper the delivery of a full sequence of...
Introduit en Afrique occidentale a la fin du 19e siecle et cultive depuis plus de 130 ans, le cac... more Introduit en Afrique occidentale a la fin du 19e siecle et cultive depuis plus de 130 ans, le cacaoyer (#Theobroma cacao# L.) est devenu la premiere espece d'arboriculture au plan economique, source importante de revenus pour les pays producteurs et leurs cacaoculteurs dont la production represente 70 % de la production mondiale de cacao. L'Amelonado de la population de Forasteros de Basse Amazonie (Bahia) fut le premier introduit et cultive, ainsi que certaines varietes de Trinitario jusqu'a ce qu'une epidemie de CSSV (oedeme des pousses du cacaoyer) ravage et detruise presque totalement l'industrie durant les annees 1930. Au debut des annees 1940, de nouveaux clones de Forasteros de Haute Amazonie furent introduits. Au cours des 50 dernieres annees, la diffusion massive de nouveau materiel vegetal, la mise en place de programmes de selection systematique, de selection dans les exploitations cacaoyeres, l'introduction de nouvelles techniques de culture et la...
More than 95% of the world's yam production occurs in West and Central Africa where white yam (Di... more More than 95% of the world's yam production occurs in West and Central Africa where white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) is the most important amongst the cultivated species. The most popular landrace cultivar of yams on the Ghana market is called 'Pona'. Yam sellers pass off any yam with good culinary characteristics as 'Pona' and consumers are at a loss as to the true morphological nature of the cultivar. Thno-botany is the main form of classification of this yam complex. Morphological variation was studied to determine genetic relationship among 91 accessions assembled as 'Pona' in the Dioscorea rotundata-cayenensis complex in Ghana. Ordination analysis showed a wide dispersion among the accessions. To determine the similarity and relationships amongst the studied individuals, a neighbour-joining tree was constructed based on shared allelic distance (DAS) between individuals using DARwin v 5.0.153. Cluster analysis performed using an unweighted neighbour-joining method clearly separated the accessions into four main groupings. One hundred and eleven (111) characters revealed five morphotypes in the 'Pona' complex and positively identified the variety 'Dente'. Combination of ethno-botany and morphological analysis, revealed four types of yams in the 'Pona' complex viz authentic 'Pona, Laribako', 'Muchumudu', 'Kulunku' and two sets of 'hybrids' (Fuseini and Nyumbo).
ecent explosions of information on gene identity and func molecular biological tools have spawned... more ecent explosions of information on gene identity and func molecular biological tools have spawned a new generation o have the potential to alleviate constraints due to several b factors faced by millions of smallholder farmers living in the dev Agricultural biotechnology, in conjunction with conventional resear knowledge, offers wider opportunities for reducing foo of whom living in developing countries, suffer from chronic food insecurity (FAO, 1999). It is estimated that growth in population and income will lead to a further doubling of global food demand over the next generation (McCalla, 1999). and natu productivity. There is also a need to establish biosafety standards and regional regulatory agencies for ensuring environmental safety and benefit from the biotech-derived products in the developing countries.
The genetic diversity of 219 accessions of Guinea yam germplasm from Benin,
… Journal of Genetics …, 2009
... Full Length Research Paper Delineation of pona complex of yam in Ghana using SSR markers ... ... more ... Full Length Research Paper Delineation of pona complex of yam in Ghana using SSR markers ... Accepted 10 April, 2009 Yam (Dioscorea spp), a multi-species, polyploid, and vegetatively propagated tuber crop, is cultivated widely in the tropics and subtropics. ...
African Journal of …, 2009
The range of polymorphism of about 194 cocoa accessions collected in farms in Southern Cameroon d... more The range of polymorphism of about 194 cocoa accessions collected in farms in Southern Cameroon during field surveys and 71 Trinitario and Upper Amazon clones available in genebanks on-station was assessed using 13 SSR markers. The gene diversity, genetic differentiation and genetic similarities were analysed for the different populations. In total, 282 alleles were detected within all the populations studied. The farm accessions were strongly differentiated based on their geographical origin, with accessions coming from the East province clustering together with local Trinitario accessions from the genebank. Accessions from the Centre-South provinces clustered with Amazon and hybrid accessions, suggesting more uptake of seed garden materials in farms in these provinces. The genetic diversity parameters indicate that the farmers' planting material is not highly diverse, and is genetically close to parental genotypes available in genebanks. However, some promising Upper Amazon clones (T-clones) that have also been used as parents of released hybrid varieties were genetically distant from the accessions. This result suggests that the progenies of these parents have so far been poorly used in the cocoa farms surveyed. The consequences of these findings for cocoa breeding in Cameroon are discussed.
Genome, 1991
Nontranscribed spacers of plant genes coding for ribosomal 5S RNA were amplified using the polyme... more Nontranscribed spacers of plant genes coding for ribosomal 5S RNA were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. Primers were synthesized that were complementary to 3′ (direct) and 5′ (reverse) ends of the coding region and that are universal for higher plants. The patterns of polymerase chain reaction products are species and, sometimes, variety specific. The use of this approach for identification of barley 5S genes in chromosome-addition lines of wheat is discussed. This principle can be applied for the "portraying" of other tandem repetitive genes containing divergent regions.Key words: polymerase chain reaction, 5S genes, plants, DNA polymorphism.
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Papers by Maria Kolesnikova-Allen