Papers by Małgorzata Szcześniak
Scientific Reports, Jan 21, 2024
Job burnout is considered an outcome of prolonged exposure of employees to stress. Although many ... more Job burnout is considered an outcome of prolonged exposure of employees to stress. Although many studies have focused on the presence of a direct association between stress and burnout, we still know very little about mediators that indirectly play a role in this relationship. Previous analyses have determined that self-efficacy acts as a mechanism that explains the overall relationship between stress and burnout. However, there is no such evidence to support the mediatory function of hope. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to verify whether self-efficacy, hope pathways, and hope agency are mediators in this relationship. The study included 408 Polish-speaking adults who completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Dispositional Hope Scale. The outcomes indicated a positive correlation of stress with the overall burnout score, as well as all subscales. Moreover, hope agency was a mediator, thus suggesting that there is also an indirect relationship between stress and job burnout. Therefore, it can be assumed that higher stress is associated with lower motivation to generate and sustain the actions needed to reach the goals. Consequently, lower hope agency may lead stressed employees to greater exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment. Work plays an important role in human life 1. Engagement in decent work provides a means of survival 2 , gives employees an opportunity for personal growth 3 , satisfies the need of connection with others 4 , fosters mental health 5 , and sustains psychological functioning 3. At the same time, working may have adverse consequences on people's lives 6 and inhibit their well-being 2. According to OECD 2021 data, Poland ranks high among the countries covered by the study in terms of working time, exceeding 1800 h for worker per year. Even though in the last quarter of 2022, 74% of Polish employees declared being satisfied with their present job 7 , there is some evidence that others are exposed to high levels of stress and occupational burnout 8. Stress and job burnout Job burnout is considered an unpleasant condition 9 and individuals' response to their tiredness due to work. According to one of the most recognized conceptual models of burnout, this specific type of work-related phenomenon 10 consists of three key components: (1) overwhelming exhaustion that reflects increased strain and feelings of being depleted of emotional vitality 11 ; (2) feelings of cynicism (or depersonalization) that are characterized by emotional and cognitive distancing from one's work, clients or people one works with; (3) the sense of ineffectiveness that refers to expressed in lower levels of efficiency, coping, and morale 12,13. There is conceptual evidence that burnout results from prolonged exposure to stress 12,14 understood as a process by which specific situational conditions are assessed by the workers as exceeding their own resources 15. Empirical results show that work-based stress is one of the most important burnout antecedents 16,17 , explaining approximately 30% or more of its variance 18,19. People who experience persistent occupational stress tend to respond with higher levels of weariness caused by their job (overwhelming exhaustion), a detached attitude
Scientific reports, Feb 10, 2024
Although the role of aesthetics and aesthetic education in everyday life was discussed as early a... more Although the role of aesthetics and aesthetic education in everyday life was discussed as early as the ancient philosophers, the psychological mechanisms shaping the aesthetic quotient have hardly been investigated by empirical studies. The aim of this study was to examine the direct relationship between experience and aesthetic competence, and the mediating role of need for cognition. The study involved 201 Polish adults, aged 18 to 76 (M = 26.40; SD = 11.89), 65% of whom were women. The respondents completed anonymous questionnaires on an online platform. The surveys included a metric, the Aesthetic Competence Scale (ACS), the Aesthetic Experience Questionnaire (AEQ) and the Need for Cognition Scale (NCS). A positive correlation coefficient was obtained between all three variables studied, with need for cognition acting as a mediator in the relationship between experience and aesthetic competence. The findings indicate that individuals reporting intense aesthetic experiences have a higher aesthetic competence if this relationship is mediated by a high need for cognitive effort.
Roczniki Psychologiczne, 2012
Roczniki Psychologiczne, 2010
Frontiers in Psychology
IntroductionThe purpose of the article is to present the results of works on the Polish version o... more IntroductionThe purpose of the article is to present the results of works on the Polish version of the Aesthetic Experience Questionnaire (AEQ). The AEQ is a 22-item tool for assessing aesthetic experience in the following dimensions: emotional, cultural, perceptual, understanding, and two dimensions about flow (proximal conditions and flow experience).MethodsIn the course of works on the Polish version of the AEQ, 3 independent studies with the participation of more than 800 people were carried out. In addition to the AEQ measurement, the tools included: the Emotion Regulation Strategies for Artistic Creative Activities Scale, the Brief Music in Mood Regulation, the Aesthetic Competence Scale, the Aesthetic Processing Preference Scale, the Need for Cognition Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale, the Material Values Scale and the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale.ResultsThe results obtained in the three studies through Confirmatory Factor Analysis ...
Men Disability Society, 2018
The purpose of this research was to look at how people with physical disability describe the mean... more The purpose of this research was to look at how people with physical disability describe the meaning of life and their self-esteem. We also evaluated the relationship between above-mentioned concepts; verified whether and to what extent selected demographic variables (gender, place of residence, cause and duration of disability) influenced the meaning of life and self-esteem in the group of disabled participants. To achieve these goals the Purpose in Life Test, PIL, developed by J.C. Crumbaugh and L.T. Maholick, and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) by M. Rosenberg were used. The global perception of the meaning of life and self-esteem in physically disabled was similar to the normalized results for healthy people. With an increase of self-esteem among the respondents, the following criteria were also higher: purpose, meaning and affirmation of life, self-evaluation, life assessment, freedom and responsibility, and a general feeling of the meaning in life. Women did not differ from men in...
PloS one, 2018
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common, primary neurogenic cause of disability among young ad... more Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common, primary neurogenic cause of disability among young adults. We investigated demographic and clinical factors associated with unemployment on the example of 150 MS patients receiving immunomodulatory treatment in Poland. This study was based on clinical evaluation and collection of self-reported questionnaires, with an attention to self-motivation, severe fatigue and moderate disability. Patients who were unemployed (40% of all patients) had a mean disease duration of almost 5 years. Older (p<0.001), less educated (p = 0.007) and more severely disabled patients (p<0,001) were most likely to be unemployed. Moderate disability (OR = 11.089 95% CI: 4.11-34.201, p<0,001), severe fatigue (OR = 2.625 95% CI: 1.02-6.901, p = 0,046) and lower level of self-motivation (KNS) (OR = 0.947, 95% CI: 0.896-0.006, p = 0.042) were independently associated with unemployment.
Educational Psychology, 2015
Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Sep 1, 2021
Background: Interdisciplinary literature indicates different correlates of social media fatigue (... more Background: Interdisciplinary literature indicates different correlates of social media fatigue (hereinafter: SMF). Some studies show that high levels of anxiety may induce lowered Internet use and lead social media users to withdraw from Internet activities. Since the relationship between anxiety and social media use is complex, it is important to investigate mediating factors that may indirectly contribute to or exacerbate this association. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to verify whether fear of missing out (hereinafter: FoMO) is a potential factor accounting for why anxiety is associated with SMF. Participants, Methods and Data Collection: The research was conducted on a group of 264 adolescents and adults (85% women). The mean age of the respondents was M = 23.76 with SD = 5.98 (range = 14-50 years). The data were collected via online social networking among college students, their family members and friends. The participants answered the Trait Anxiety Scale (TAS), Social Media Fatigue Scale (SMFS), Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMO), and Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Results: The outcomes showed that respondents with higher levels of trait anxiety report more intense cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and overall online fatigue. Concurrently, individuals who experience FoMO on the Internet declare being tired of social media use. Moreover, FoMO mediates the association between trait anxiety and all three dimensions of SMF, and its overall result. Conclusion: The present research increases our understanding of the possible role of apprehension related to missing out on the anxiety and fatigue connected to engagement in social media. It is possible to assess that trait anxiety might induce higher SMF when individuals experience a general apprehension that others are doing or having things that they do not.
Psychology Research and Behavior Management
Background: Excessive social media consumption leads to addiction and affects mental health. It i... more Background: Excessive social media consumption leads to addiction and affects mental health. It is a phenomenon that is difficult to avoid. Previous research on the effects of excessive Internet use shows that people who engage in social media (SM) without restraint experience over-involvement, over-disclosure, technostress, and social media fatigue (SMF). SMF, conceptualized as an emotional and cognitive feeling of being overwhelmed, manifests itself in mindless browsing of content, limiting the amount of time spent on SM, or quitting SM altogether. Self-control, although present in the technology addiction literature and psychology research, has been rarely described in relation to both excessive SM use and SMF. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to verify whether there is a direct relationship between problematic smartphone use and SMF, and whether this association is mediated by self-control. Methods: The study included 210 respondents (M = 25.85, SD = 9.84) living in different Polish cities. The survey was conducted online, and the respondents consented to participate in the study. They completed the following measures: the Mobile Phone Problematic Use, the Self-Control Scale, the Social Media Fatigue Scale, and a brief questionnaire with socio-demographic data. Results: Statistical analysis was performed to verify the relationship between problematic mobile phone use, level of self-control, and SMF. The outcomes indicate that there are significant interrelationships between the three studied variables. The association between problematic smartphone use and SMF is mediated by self-control. Conclusion: A lack of impulse-inhibition skills, such as compulsive checking of notifications, can be a significant factor in SM exhaustion, fatigue, or frustration. SMF can also be understood as a natural defensive response, triggered in situations where individuals are overwhelmed, when the self-control is insufficient to stop the compulsion to use SM, and the use of a smartphone for this purpose is excessively engaging.
Basic values related to welfare have been a subject of study in recent years and, especially, the... more Basic values related to welfare have been a subject of study in recent years and, especially, their influence on parent-child relations. This research intends to identify basic values related to subjective welfare in a sample of Colombian Parents. 612 parents of students from a private educational institution constituted the sample. The average age was 37.92 and the deviation was 9.38. The instruments for data collection were the satisfaction scale with life (Diener, Emmons, Larsen y Griffin, 1985) and the profile for individual values (Schwart et al., 2001). The results showed there is a positive correlation with benevolence, universalism and tradition, among others, hence, welfare is related to values such as selftransparency and conservation. Consequently, values are subject of study for Psycology that influence on the indivudual farewel and their family environment.Los valores básicos relacionados con el bienestar es un tema de estudio en los últimos años y principalmente su inf...
Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2021
Background: Interdisciplinary literature indicates different correlates of social media fatigue (... more Background: Interdisciplinary literature indicates different correlates of social media fatigue (hereinafter: SMF). Some studies show that high levels of anxiety may induce lowered Internet use and lead social media users to withdraw from Internet activities. Since the relationship between anxiety and social media use is complex, it is important to investigate mediating factors that may indirectly contribute to or exacerbate this association. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to verify whether fear of missing out (hereinafter: FoMO) is a potential factor accounting for why anxiety is associated with SMF. Participants, Methods and Data Collection: The research was conducted on a group of 264 adolescents and adults (85% women). The mean age of the respondents was M = 23.76 with SD = 5.98 (range = 14-50 years). The data were collected via online social networking among college students, their family members and friends. The participants answered the Trait Anxiety Scale (TAS), Social Media Fatigue Scale (SMFS), Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMO), and Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Results: The outcomes showed that respondents with higher levels of trait anxiety report more intense cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and overall online fatigue. Concurrently, individuals who experience FoMO on the Internet declare being tired of social media use. Moreover, FoMO mediates the association between trait anxiety and all three dimensions of SMF, and its overall result. Conclusion: The present research increases our understanding of the possible role of apprehension related to missing out on the anxiety and fatigue connected to engagement in social media. It is possible to assess that trait anxiety might induce higher SMF when individuals experience a general apprehension that others are doing or having things that they do not.
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Papers by Małgorzata Szcześniak