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Hiwa K. Saaed

University of Sulaimani, Pharmacy, Faculty Member

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Hiwa K Saaed currently the Dean of The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences at the University of Sulaimani since 2010, where he has been a faculty member since 2007. He is currently a lecturer of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Communication skills in Pharmacy Practice.

Hiwa K Saaed received his B.Sc in pharmacy and a Higher Diploma in Clinical Pharmacy from the College of Pharmacy and M.Sc and Ph.D. (1st Rank) in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology from the College of Medicine University of Baghdad.

He has over 20 years of experience in Pharmacy practice/ Hospital and Community settings. He is a director of Joint Higher Diploma (in Clinical Pharmacy) Studies with Ministry of Health KRG-Iraq, since 2010.

His academic research explores the different aspects of Pharmacodynamics and –kinetics; permeability of Hydatid (Echinococcus granulosus) Cyst to drugs, GABA Receptor, Apoptotic gene expression in Leukemic patients... etc. He is supervising several postgraduate students in the area of clinical and basic pharmacology leading to MSc in Pharmacology and higher Diploma in Clinical Pharmacy.

He is a member of the UniversityCouncil of Sulaimani, Scientific Promotion Committee of Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal International PharmacistPharmacist, Royal Pharmaceutical Society, Syndicate of Iraqi Pharmacists and Kurdistan Pharmacists Associations and Faculty Affiliate of College of Pharmacy at Belmont University, Tennessee USA.

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International Journal for Pharmaceutical Research Scholars (IJPRS)

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Other by Hiwa K. Saaed

Patient Centered Communication in Pharmacy Practice Week 1

Papers by Hiwa K. Saaed

Does Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) Change with Disease Activity Score (DAS28) in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Undergoing Maintenance Therapy with TNF Inhibitors?

Interleukin-6 Suppression by Different TNF Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients During Maintenance Therapy

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )

in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different TNF inhibitors on p... more in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different TNF inhibitors on plasma IL-6 levels and disease activity in RA patients. Methods: A longitudinal, observational study included 65 adult RA patients receiving TNF inhibitors for at least six weeks in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, between February and August 2022. Disease activity was assessed using the disease activity score 28 (DAS28). Plasma IL-6 levels, CRP, and ESR were measured at two time points over 14 weeks during maintenance therapy. Results: After 14 weeks, adalimumab lowered IL-6 levels to 31.92 ng/L (0.24), ESR to 15 mm/hr (16.8), and CRP to 8.4 mg/L (26.2). DAS28/ESR was also improved, it went from 4.7 (1.2) to 4.0 (1.3), which was the biggest change. Infliximab decreased IL-6 31.87 ng/L (0.29), ESR 10.1 mm/hr (15.0), and CRP 7 mg/L (13.5), but the smallest improvement was in DAS28/ESR 4.6 (1.6) to 4.5 (1.2). Etanercept exhibited the lowest decrease in IL-6, ESR, and CRP: 31.77 ng/L (0.39), 7.5 mm/hr (6...

376 Receptor-Mediated Response to Peptide YY(1-36) and Peptide YY(3-36) in Reduction of Sensitivity to Rectal Distension in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Gastroenterology, 2021

Mo1528: INFLIXIMAB PEAK AND 1-WEEK SERUM LEVEL ESTIMATES PREDICT 8-WEEK TROUGH LEVELS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Gastroenterology

Communication Skills in Pharmacy Practice

Communication skills in pharmacy practice , Communication skills in pharmacy practice , کتابخانه ... more

Quantitative real time PCR analysis of apoptotic gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and their relationships with chemosensitivity

Applied Cancer Research, 2017

Background: Apoptosis-related gene expression such as BCL2, and p53 has been suggested in predict... more Background: Apoptosis-related gene expression such as BCL2, and p53 has been suggested in predicting the patient response to chemo-or radiotherapy, as well as patient's survival. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine changes in BCL2 and p53 apoptosis related gene expressions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients in response to different chemotherapy regimens and number of treatment courses. The study was conducted on 55 CLL patients (44 CLL and 11 CLL/SLL; small lymphocytic lymphoma) and 40 healthy individuals as control, over three-months period. The RNA was extracted by exploitation total RNA extraction kit, treated with DNAse, then cDNA was synthesized and qRT-PCR used to analyze antiapoptotic BCL2 and tumor suppresser p53 gene expressions. Results: CLL/SLL showed higher BCL2 and p53 gene expression than CLL. The patients with CLL showed threefold increase in BCL2 gene expression compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05), and 50% decrease in p53 gene expressions (p < 0.05). BCL2 gene expression was higher, particularly, for those who were treated with higher range of treatment courses and combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) regimen. P53 gene expression reciprocally related with BCL2 and vice versa. Conclusions: In contrary to BCL2, p53 gene was extremely expressed in patients treated with chemotherapy agents, particularly after 24-30 months disease duration; suggesting a late expression of p53 during advanced stages of the disease. A proportional change in BCL2 and p53 gene expression was reported with different treatment regimens; Chlorambucil (Clb) decreased and FCR regimen increased BCL2 gene expression. Higher p53 gene expression reported with the Chlorambucil + (Chlorambucil + Prednisolone) regimen.

Exploring Electronic Communication Modes Between Iraqi Faculty and Students of Pharmacy Schools Using the Technology Acceptance Model

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Objective. To explore for the first time the extent to which Iraqi pharmacy students and faculty ... more Objective. To explore for the first time the extent to which Iraqi pharmacy students and faculty use Facebook and university email for academic communications, and to examine factors influencing utilization within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Methods. An electronic survey was administered to convenience samples of students and faculty of six Iraqi public schools and colleges of pharmacy in 2015. Results. Responses included 489 student and 128 faculty usable surveys. Both students and faculty use Facebook more than university email for academic communications. Less than a third of the faculty used university email. Students used Facebook for academic purposes twice as much as faculty. Conclusion. Absence of university email in Iraqi schools and colleges of pharmacy makes Facebook essential for faculty-student communications. The majority (71.1% to 82%) of respondents perceived that Facebook was easy to use. Three TAM variables (intention to use, attitude toward use and perceived usefulness) had significant positive associations with actual use of both Facebook messaging and university email.

Utility of animal gastrointestinal motility and transit models in functional gastrointestinal disorders

Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology, 2019

Alteration in the gastrointestinal (GI) motility and transit comprises an important component of ... more Alteration in the gastrointestinal (GI) motility and transit comprises an important component of the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Available animal GI motility and transit models are to study symptoms (delayed gastric emptying, constipation, diarrhea) rather than biological markers to develop an effective treatment that targets the underlying mechanism of altered GI motility in patients. Animal data generated from commonly used methods in human like scintigraphy, breath test and wireless motility capsule may directly translate to the clinic. However, species differences in the control mechanism or pharmacological responses of GI motility may compromise the predictive and translational value of the preclinical data to human. In this review we aim to provide a summary on animal models used to mimic GI motility alteration in FGID, and the impact of the species differences in the physiological and pharmacological responses on the translation of animal GI motility and tra...

In Vitro Scolicidal Activity Of Tinidazole: Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic studies by Hiwa K. Saaed (Sep 12, 2011)

ABSTRACT

Pharmacist Collaborative Care in Heart Failure Management in Kirkuk City- Iraq

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2020

Background: In spite of advances toward the treatment of heart failure (HF), the number of hospit... more Background: In spite of advances toward the treatment of heart failure (HF), the number of hospital readmissions, and their associated health care costs are very high, and anticipated to rise exceptionally over the next decade that put an expanded load on the healthcare system. Drug-related problems (DRPs) is among the leading cause of hospital readmission. DRPs occur frequently upon discharge due to changes in medication regimen or suboptimal discharge instructions given to patients. Which can cause harm to patients. A need was therefore identified to update systems of care for HF. Recent policy is an increasing focus on delivering of intensive pharmaceutical care for these patients with the aim of reducing hospital admissions. Objective: To clarify the role of clinical pharmacist (CP) in the care of patients with HF in reducing rehospitalization, discrepancies, improving adherence and health related quality of life (QOL). Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled intervention...

Elevated gaseous luminal nitric oxide and circulating IL-8 as features of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Gastric nitric oxide (NO) production in response to Helicobacter pylori via inducible... more Background: Gastric nitric oxide (NO) production in response to Helicobacter pylori via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is suggested as a biomarker of inflammation and cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between gastric [NO], immunological biomarkers and histopathology. Materials and methods: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was done in 96 dyspepsia patients. Luminal [NO] was measured by chemiluminescence. Biopsies were taken from gastric antrum and corpus for culture and histopathology. H. pylori IgG was detected by immunoblot assay. Biobanked plasma from 76 dyspepsia patients (11 H. pylori positives) was analyzed for 39 cytokines by multiplexed ELISA. Results: H. pylori-positive patients had higher [NO] (336 ± 26 ppb, mean ± 95% CI, n = 77) than H. pylori-negative patients (128 ± 47 ppb, n = 19) (P < 0.0001). Histopathological changes were found in 99% of H. pylori-positive and 37% of H. pylori-negative patients. Histopathological concordance w...

Comparison of Topical Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, Cimetidine, and Meloxicam Treatment in Plaque- Induced Gingivitis

Sulaimani dental journal

Drugs acting at the GABAA receptor attenuate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vitro*

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Jul 1, 2003

1. Benzodiazepines (BZ) have been reported to protect against ethanol-induced gastric damage in r... more 1. Benzodiazepines (BZ) have been reported to protect against ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats in both in vivo and in vitro models. However, the effects of some drugs in the new in vitro model do not agree with results reported previously in in vivo studies. 2. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to modify the new in vitro model to a model that more closely resembles the in vivo model and, using the new in vitro model, to reassess the gastroprotective effects of some BZ and to assess the effects of some new compounds. 3. The rat stomach was isolated from the whole animal and kept in aerated Krebs' solution at 37 ؇ C in an organ bath. Gastric mucosal damage was induced by instillation of 1 mL of 100% ethanol into the stomach. Drugs or their vehicle were administered inside the bath 15 min before ethanol instillation into the stomach. One hour after the instillation of ethanol, the stomach was removed from the organ bath, opened along the greater curvature and then examined for gastric mucosal damage. 4. The results indicate that, compared with vehicle pretreatment, ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by pretreatment with clonazepam, a drug that acts as an agonist at central BZ sites of the GABA A receptor, and Ro 15-4513, a partial inverse agonist at BZ sites of the GABA A receptor. Flumazenil (an antagonist of central BZ sites of the GABA A receptor) did not affect gastric mucosal lesions provoked by ethanol. However, flumazenil significantly reversed the mucosal protective effects of clonazepam and Ro 15-4513. 5. CGS 9896 (a partial agonist at BZ sites of the GABA A receptor, with anxiolytic and anticonvulsant but no sedative effects) did not offer any protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Ro 5-3663, an atypical BZ that binds to the picrotoxin site of the GABA A receptor and reported to be a potent convulsant and only a weak antagonist of GABA, did not show any protection against the development of lesions. 6. The results suggest local gastric mediation of the effects of ethanol, as well as the gastric protective effects of BZ, through an action at local central-type BZ sites of the GABA A receptor located in the rat stomach.

Quantitative real time PCR analysis of apoptotic gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and their relationships with chemosensitivity

Background: Apoptosis-related gene expression such as BCL2, and p53 has been suggested in predict... more Background: Apoptosis-related gene expression such as BCL2, and p53 has been suggested in predicting the patient response to chemo-or radiotherapy, as well as patient's survival. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine changes in BCL2 and p53 apoptosis related gene expressions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients in response to different chemotherapy regimens and number of treatment courses. The study was conducted on 55 CLL patients (44 CLL and 11 CLL/SLL; small lymphocytic lymphoma) and 40 healthy individuals as control, over three-months period. The RNA was extracted by exploitation total RNA extraction kit, treated with DNAse, then cDNA was synthesized and qRT-PCR used to analyze antiapoptotic BCL2 and tumor suppresser p53 gene expressions. Results: CLL/SLL showed higher BCL2 and p53 gene expression than CLL. The patients with CLL showed threefold increase in BCL2 gene expression compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05), and 50% decrease in p53 gene expressions (p < 0.05). BCL2 gene expression was higher, particularly, for those who were treated with higher range of treatment courses and combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) regimen. P53 gene expression reciprocally related with BCL2 and vice versa. Conclusions: In contrary to BCL2, p53 gene was extremely expressed in patients treated with chemotherapy agents, particularly after 24-30 months disease duration; suggesting a late expression of p53 during advanced stages of the disease. A proportional change in BCL2 and p53 gene expression was reported with different treatment regimens; Chlorambucil (Clb) decreased and FCR regimen increased BCL2 gene expression. Higher p53 gene expression reported with the Chlorambucil + (Chlorambucil + Prednisolone) regimen.

Sa249 GASEOUS LUMINAL NITRIC OXIDE PARALLELS CIRCULATING IL-8 IN HELICOBACTER PYLORI-INDUCED GASTRIC INFLAMMATION

Gastroenterology

Exploring Electronic Communication Modes Between Iraqi Faculty and Students of Pharmacy Schools Using the Technology Acceptance Model

American journal of pharmaceutical education, 2017

To explore for the first time the extent to which Iraqi pharmacy students and faculty use Faceboo... more To explore for the first time the extent to which Iraqi pharmacy students and faculty use Facebook and university email for academic communications, and to examine factors influencing utilization within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). An electronic survey was administered to convenience samples of students and faculty of six Iraqi public schools and colleges of pharmacy in 2015. Responses included 489 student and 128 faculty usable surveys. Both students and faculty use Facebook more than university email for academic communications. Less than a third of the faculty used university email. Students used Facebook for academic purposes twice as much as faculty. Absence of university email in Iraqi schools and colleges of pharmacy makes Facebook essential for faculty-student communications. The majority (71.1% to 82%) of respondents perceived that Facebook was easy to use. Three TAM variables (intention to use, attitude toward use and perceived usefulness) had si...

In Vitro Scolicidal Activity Of Tinidazole: Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic studies by Hiwa K. Saaed (Sep 12, 2011)

ABSTRACT

Drugs Acting at the GABA-Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex: Attenuate Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage In ... by Hiwa K. Saaed (Oct 4, 2011)

ABSTRACT

Drugs acting at the GABAA receptor attenuate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vitro*

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2003

and in vitro models. However, the effects of some drugs in the new in vitro model do not agree wi... more

Patient Centered Communication in Pharmacy Practice Week 1

Does Plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) Change with Disease Activity Score (DAS28) in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Undergoing Maintenance Therapy with TNF Inhibitors?

Interleukin-6 Suppression by Different TNF Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients During Maintenance Therapy

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )

in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different TNF inhibitors on p... more in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different TNF inhibitors on plasma IL-6 levels and disease activity in RA patients. Methods: A longitudinal, observational study included 65 adult RA patients receiving TNF inhibitors for at least six weeks in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, between February and August 2022. Disease activity was assessed using the disease activity score 28 (DAS28). Plasma IL-6 levels, CRP, and ESR were measured at two time points over 14 weeks during maintenance therapy. Results: After 14 weeks, adalimumab lowered IL-6 levels to 31.92 ng/L (0.24), ESR to 15 mm/hr (16.8), and CRP to 8.4 mg/L (26.2). DAS28/ESR was also improved, it went from 4.7 (1.2) to 4.0 (1.3), which was the biggest change. Infliximab decreased IL-6 31.87 ng/L (0.29), ESR 10.1 mm/hr (15.0), and CRP 7 mg/L (13.5), but the smallest improvement was in DAS28/ESR 4.6 (1.6) to 4.5 (1.2). Etanercept exhibited the lowest decrease in IL-6, ESR, and CRP: 31.77 ng/L (0.39), 7.5 mm/hr (6...

376 Receptor-Mediated Response to Peptide YY(1-36) and Peptide YY(3-36) in Reduction of Sensitivity to Rectal Distension in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Gastroenterology, 2021

Mo1528: INFLIXIMAB PEAK AND 1-WEEK SERUM LEVEL ESTIMATES PREDICT 8-WEEK TROUGH LEVELS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Gastroenterology

Communication Skills in Pharmacy Practice

Communication skills in pharmacy practice , Communication skills in pharmacy practice , کتابخانه ... more

Quantitative real time PCR analysis of apoptotic gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and their relationships with chemosensitivity

Applied Cancer Research, 2017

Background: Apoptosis-related gene expression such as BCL2, and p53 has been suggested in predict... more Background: Apoptosis-related gene expression such as BCL2, and p53 has been suggested in predicting the patient response to chemo-or radiotherapy, as well as patient's survival. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine changes in BCL2 and p53 apoptosis related gene expressions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients in response to different chemotherapy regimens and number of treatment courses. The study was conducted on 55 CLL patients (44 CLL and 11 CLL/SLL; small lymphocytic lymphoma) and 40 healthy individuals as control, over three-months period. The RNA was extracted by exploitation total RNA extraction kit, treated with DNAse, then cDNA was synthesized and qRT-PCR used to analyze antiapoptotic BCL2 and tumor suppresser p53 gene expressions. Results: CLL/SLL showed higher BCL2 and p53 gene expression than CLL. The patients with CLL showed threefold increase in BCL2 gene expression compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05), and 50% decrease in p53 gene expressions (p < 0.05). BCL2 gene expression was higher, particularly, for those who were treated with higher range of treatment courses and combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) regimen. P53 gene expression reciprocally related with BCL2 and vice versa. Conclusions: In contrary to BCL2, p53 gene was extremely expressed in patients treated with chemotherapy agents, particularly after 24-30 months disease duration; suggesting a late expression of p53 during advanced stages of the disease. A proportional change in BCL2 and p53 gene expression was reported with different treatment regimens; Chlorambucil (Clb) decreased and FCR regimen increased BCL2 gene expression. Higher p53 gene expression reported with the Chlorambucil + (Chlorambucil + Prednisolone) regimen.

Exploring Electronic Communication Modes Between Iraqi Faculty and Students of Pharmacy Schools Using the Technology Acceptance Model

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Objective. To explore for the first time the extent to which Iraqi pharmacy students and faculty ... more Objective. To explore for the first time the extent to which Iraqi pharmacy students and faculty use Facebook and university email for academic communications, and to examine factors influencing utilization within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Methods. An electronic survey was administered to convenience samples of students and faculty of six Iraqi public schools and colleges of pharmacy in 2015. Results. Responses included 489 student and 128 faculty usable surveys. Both students and faculty use Facebook more than university email for academic communications. Less than a third of the faculty used university email. Students used Facebook for academic purposes twice as much as faculty. Conclusion. Absence of university email in Iraqi schools and colleges of pharmacy makes Facebook essential for faculty-student communications. The majority (71.1% to 82%) of respondents perceived that Facebook was easy to use. Three TAM variables (intention to use, attitude toward use and perceived usefulness) had significant positive associations with actual use of both Facebook messaging and university email.

Utility of animal gastrointestinal motility and transit models in functional gastrointestinal disorders

Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology, 2019

Alteration in the gastrointestinal (GI) motility and transit comprises an important component of ... more Alteration in the gastrointestinal (GI) motility and transit comprises an important component of the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Available animal GI motility and transit models are to study symptoms (delayed gastric emptying, constipation, diarrhea) rather than biological markers to develop an effective treatment that targets the underlying mechanism of altered GI motility in patients. Animal data generated from commonly used methods in human like scintigraphy, breath test and wireless motility capsule may directly translate to the clinic. However, species differences in the control mechanism or pharmacological responses of GI motility may compromise the predictive and translational value of the preclinical data to human. In this review we aim to provide a summary on animal models used to mimic GI motility alteration in FGID, and the impact of the species differences in the physiological and pharmacological responses on the translation of animal GI motility and tra...

In Vitro Scolicidal Activity Of Tinidazole: Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic studies by Hiwa K. Saaed (Sep 12, 2011)

ABSTRACT

Pharmacist Collaborative Care in Heart Failure Management in Kirkuk City- Iraq

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2020

Background: In spite of advances toward the treatment of heart failure (HF), the number of hospit... more Background: In spite of advances toward the treatment of heart failure (HF), the number of hospital readmissions, and their associated health care costs are very high, and anticipated to rise exceptionally over the next decade that put an expanded load on the healthcare system. Drug-related problems (DRPs) is among the leading cause of hospital readmission. DRPs occur frequently upon discharge due to changes in medication regimen or suboptimal discharge instructions given to patients. Which can cause harm to patients. A need was therefore identified to update systems of care for HF. Recent policy is an increasing focus on delivering of intensive pharmaceutical care for these patients with the aim of reducing hospital admissions. Objective: To clarify the role of clinical pharmacist (CP) in the care of patients with HF in reducing rehospitalization, discrepancies, improving adherence and health related quality of life (QOL). Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled intervention...

Elevated gaseous luminal nitric oxide and circulating IL-8 as features of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Gastric nitric oxide (NO) production in response to Helicobacter pylori via inducible... more Background: Gastric nitric oxide (NO) production in response to Helicobacter pylori via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is suggested as a biomarker of inflammation and cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between gastric [NO], immunological biomarkers and histopathology. Materials and methods: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was done in 96 dyspepsia patients. Luminal [NO] was measured by chemiluminescence. Biopsies were taken from gastric antrum and corpus for culture and histopathology. H. pylori IgG was detected by immunoblot assay. Biobanked plasma from 76 dyspepsia patients (11 H. pylori positives) was analyzed for 39 cytokines by multiplexed ELISA. Results: H. pylori-positive patients had higher [NO] (336 ± 26 ppb, mean ± 95% CI, n = 77) than H. pylori-negative patients (128 ± 47 ppb, n = 19) (P < 0.0001). Histopathological changes were found in 99% of H. pylori-positive and 37% of H. pylori-negative patients. Histopathological concordance w...

Comparison of Topical Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, Cimetidine, and Meloxicam Treatment in Plaque- Induced Gingivitis

Sulaimani dental journal

Drugs acting at the GABAA receptor attenuate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vitro*

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Jul 1, 2003

1. Benzodiazepines (BZ) have been reported to protect against ethanol-induced gastric damage in r... more 1. Benzodiazepines (BZ) have been reported to protect against ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats in both in vivo and in vitro models. However, the effects of some drugs in the new in vitro model do not agree with results reported previously in in vivo studies. 2. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to modify the new in vitro model to a model that more closely resembles the in vivo model and, using the new in vitro model, to reassess the gastroprotective effects of some BZ and to assess the effects of some new compounds. 3. The rat stomach was isolated from the whole animal and kept in aerated Krebs' solution at 37 ؇ C in an organ bath. Gastric mucosal damage was induced by instillation of 1 mL of 100% ethanol into the stomach. Drugs or their vehicle were administered inside the bath 15 min before ethanol instillation into the stomach. One hour after the instillation of ethanol, the stomach was removed from the organ bath, opened along the greater curvature and then examined for gastric mucosal damage. 4. The results indicate that, compared with vehicle pretreatment, ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by pretreatment with clonazepam, a drug that acts as an agonist at central BZ sites of the GABA A receptor, and Ro 15-4513, a partial inverse agonist at BZ sites of the GABA A receptor. Flumazenil (an antagonist of central BZ sites of the GABA A receptor) did not affect gastric mucosal lesions provoked by ethanol. However, flumazenil significantly reversed the mucosal protective effects of clonazepam and Ro 15-4513. 5. CGS 9896 (a partial agonist at BZ sites of the GABA A receptor, with anxiolytic and anticonvulsant but no sedative effects) did not offer any protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Ro 5-3663, an atypical BZ that binds to the picrotoxin site of the GABA A receptor and reported to be a potent convulsant and only a weak antagonist of GABA, did not show any protection against the development of lesions. 6. The results suggest local gastric mediation of the effects of ethanol, as well as the gastric protective effects of BZ, through an action at local central-type BZ sites of the GABA A receptor located in the rat stomach.

Quantitative real time PCR analysis of apoptotic gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and their relationships with chemosensitivity

Background: Apoptosis-related gene expression such as BCL2, and p53 has been suggested in predict... more Background: Apoptosis-related gene expression such as BCL2, and p53 has been suggested in predicting the patient response to chemo-or radiotherapy, as well as patient's survival. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine changes in BCL2 and p53 apoptosis related gene expressions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients in response to different chemotherapy regimens and number of treatment courses. The study was conducted on 55 CLL patients (44 CLL and 11 CLL/SLL; small lymphocytic lymphoma) and 40 healthy individuals as control, over three-months period. The RNA was extracted by exploitation total RNA extraction kit, treated with DNAse, then cDNA was synthesized and qRT-PCR used to analyze antiapoptotic BCL2 and tumor suppresser p53 gene expressions. Results: CLL/SLL showed higher BCL2 and p53 gene expression than CLL. The patients with CLL showed threefold increase in BCL2 gene expression compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05), and 50% decrease in p53 gene expressions (p < 0.05). BCL2 gene expression was higher, particularly, for those who were treated with higher range of treatment courses and combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) regimen. P53 gene expression reciprocally related with BCL2 and vice versa. Conclusions: In contrary to BCL2, p53 gene was extremely expressed in patients treated with chemotherapy agents, particularly after 24-30 months disease duration; suggesting a late expression of p53 during advanced stages of the disease. A proportional change in BCL2 and p53 gene expression was reported with different treatment regimens; Chlorambucil (Clb) decreased and FCR regimen increased BCL2 gene expression. Higher p53 gene expression reported with the Chlorambucil + (Chlorambucil + Prednisolone) regimen.

Sa249 GASEOUS LUMINAL NITRIC OXIDE PARALLELS CIRCULATING IL-8 IN HELICOBACTER PYLORI-INDUCED GASTRIC INFLAMMATION

Gastroenterology

Exploring Electronic Communication Modes Between Iraqi Faculty and Students of Pharmacy Schools Using the Technology Acceptance Model

American journal of pharmaceutical education, 2017

To explore for the first time the extent to which Iraqi pharmacy students and faculty use Faceboo... more To explore for the first time the extent to which Iraqi pharmacy students and faculty use Facebook and university email for academic communications, and to examine factors influencing utilization within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). An electronic survey was administered to convenience samples of students and faculty of six Iraqi public schools and colleges of pharmacy in 2015. Responses included 489 student and 128 faculty usable surveys. Both students and faculty use Facebook more than university email for academic communications. Less than a third of the faculty used university email. Students used Facebook for academic purposes twice as much as faculty. Absence of university email in Iraqi schools and colleges of pharmacy makes Facebook essential for faculty-student communications. The majority (71.1% to 82%) of respondents perceived that Facebook was easy to use. Three TAM variables (intention to use, attitude toward use and perceived usefulness) had si...

In Vitro Scolicidal Activity Of Tinidazole: Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic studies by Hiwa K. Saaed (Sep 12, 2011)

ABSTRACT

Drugs Acting at the GABA-Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex: Attenuate Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage In ... by Hiwa K. Saaed (Oct 4, 2011)

ABSTRACT

Drugs acting at the GABAA receptor attenuate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vitro*

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2003

and in vitro models. However, the effects of some drugs in the new in vitro model do not agree wi... more