Papers by Nikolas Emmanuel
Governance and Political Adaptation in Fragile States, 2018
Only a short time ago, the press described President Idriss Deby’s regime in Chad as isolated, il... more Only a short time ago, the press described President Idriss Deby’s regime in Chad as isolated, illegitimate, and barely clinging to power. Yet, while the 2000s were punctuated by coup attempts, armed insurrections, and mass desertions in the Chadian armed forces, today Deby has upgraded his country’s status into being an assertive and critical regional player. The Chadian President has profited from the incentives set out by the international community to intervene in a variety of African crises (i.e., Mali, Central African Republic [CAR], and Nigeria), helping consolidate his—until recently—tenuous position at home and abroad. Chad is the current representation of the hackneyed phrase, “African solutions to African problems”. However, one must not forget that Chad’s meteoric rise has been facilitated by important states in the international system, mainly France but also the United States. The emergence of Deby’s Chad depends both on its ability to accomplish sub-imperial tasks enc...
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies
The issue of mass migration and north–south relations are increasingly becoming complicated in in... more The issue of mass migration and north–south relations are increasingly becoming complicated in international relations. In the case of the interactions between Africa and Europe, irregular migration has become a major problem that is also breeding new forms of relations between the two continents. Migration into Europe through the western Mediterranean corridor from Morocco into Spain is a central part in the development of this new relationship. In these changing relations, it is important to ask how the security concerns of mass irregular migration, the emergence of diverse efforts to manage mass migration, and the forms of collaborations that have emerged between the European Union and Spain on the one hand and Morocco on the other hand have had an impact on overall south–north human flows. In particular, this line of inquiry focuses on the way incentives (aid-based, diplomatic, legitimation, etc.) are deployed by Spain and the European Union to ensure that Morocco prevents irreg...
African Border Disorders, 2017
Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2012
The following paper uses the case-study of Cameroon to examine how critical donors can shield the... more The following paper uses the case-study of Cameroon to examine how critical donors can shield their close allies from pressure to pursue political liberalization. As the wave of democratic reform swept through Africa in the early 1990s, similar to that going through North Africa and the Middle East today, domestic opposition pushed the ruling clique in Cameroon towards pluralism. However, in this case, instead of encouraging democracy, France helped President Paul Biya to maintain his grip on power. As will be demonstrated, massive amounts of French aid helped the regime survive both internal and external pressure for change. Under a political conditionality approach other secondary donors tried to use their foreign assistance to help push for liberal-democratic reforms in Cameroon. However, such efforts are frequently undermined by what the donor perceives as its self-interest. This research attempts to illustrate this general point by examining the relationship between Cameroon and France and the maintenance of authoritarianism in the defense of common interests.
Democratization, 2010
Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf ... more Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published ver... more Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Emmanuel, N. G. (2013). “With a Friend Like This…”: Shielding Cameroon from Democratization. Journal of
Abstract: Conditioning Relations extends the debate concerning the feasibility of the use of fore... more Abstract: Conditioning Relations extends the debate concerning the feasibility of the use of foreign assistance to leverage political reforms in developing countries. It centers the investigation on the factors influencing the success or failure of a political conditionality ...
There is much to learn about the role of external actors in preventing violent conflict and manag... more There is much to learn about the role of external actors in preventing violent conflict and managing it when it occurs. Consequently, this article focuses on the possible range of third-party conflict-management tools, primarily through the lens of an incentives approach. Third-party incentives seek to manage conflict by facilitating bargaining between the parties involved. Such an approach tries to go beyond the purview of realist international relations scholars, who concentrate predominantly on hard power, by considering soft intervention options to alter the behavior of conflicting parties.1 Clearly, military intervention on the one hand or avoidance on the other hand cannot be justified in most cases. In between these extremes, a wide variety of alternatives exists. These options are referred to here as incentive strategies, which offer the possibility for much greater leverage than is often recognized. Outside third parties (primarily states and international organizations but...
Resolving International Conflict, 2019
In recent years, the international community has asked a small number of African subregional hege... more In recent years, the international community has asked a small number of African subregional hegemonic states to put into place regional and subregional security infrastructures.1 However, these African security organizations are not being pulled together in response either to interstate conflict or an external threat, both of which are frequently the primary motivations for forming regional security complexes.2 Instead, some African states are trying to counteract externalities from domestic threats emanating from civil wars and state crises in neighboring countries, primarily in their subregions. The interventions by Ethiopia or Kenya across their borders into Somalia illustrate this point. Security efforts in Africa are primarily driven by such spillover effects (e.g., refugees, insurgent groups, illegal commerce, etc.).3 As Edmond Keller clearly indicates, “domestic insecurity in one state has a high potential to have a destabilizing effect in neighboring states.”4 The African s...
Administrative Theory & Praxis
Abstract: Conditioning Relations extends the debate concerning the feasibility of the use of fore... more Abstract: Conditioning Relations extends the debate concerning the feasibility of the use of foreign assistance to leverage political reforms in developing countries. It centers the investigation on the factors influencing the success or failure of a political conditionality ...
Afr Asian Stud, 2010
... AND SUGGESTIONS FOR BARACK OBAMA AND AFRICAN LEADERS Ivor Agyeman-Duah Abdul Karim Bangura Pe... more ... AND SUGGESTIONS FOR BARACK OBAMA AND AFRICAN LEADERS Ivor Agyeman-Duah Abdul Karim Bangura Peter A. Dumbuya Kelly Harris Walter W. Hill JP Afam Ifedi Ngozi C. Kamalu George Klay Kieh, Jr. Jack Mangala Guy Martin Mueni wa Muiu Ishmael I. Munene ...
Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 2007
This paper examines the potential importance of externally-facilitated peace dividends and donor ... more This paper examines the potential importance of externally-facilitated peace dividends and donor coordination in sustaining peace after the signing of an accord. We extend our previous research on US performance after civil wars to learn if adversary assumptions on peace dividends have additional positive impact when a wider sample of major Western European donors is included. Was the lack of US follow-through compensated for in whole or in part by the extension of development assistance allocations from European allies? We find that cases in which donors provide significant and sustained post-conflict aid are somewhat less likely to return to civil war than those who do not receive comparable assistance. Moreover, we find in such cases that donor coordination reinforced behaviour that encouraged the implementation process, providing an extra incentive for maintaining the peace agreement over the five-year threshold and beyond.
African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, 2015
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Papers by Nikolas Emmanuel