Sahadat

Sahadat atawa Syahadat jeung Syahadah (شهادة (pitulung·info) Citakan:ArTranslit) (basa Turki: Şehadet) nyaéta hiji kalimah pangakuan kayakinan Islam. Dina basa Arab, hartina "nyaksénan" atawa "méré kasaksian".^[1] Sahadat mangrupa nembrakeun kapercayaan kana tunggalna Gusti (Allah dina basa Arab) sarta yén Nabi Muhammad minangka utusan pangahirna. Maca dua kalimah sahadat mangrupa salah sahiji tina Lima Rukun Islam dina Islam Sunni.

Téks basa Arab:

Mangrupakeun bagian tina séri Kapercayaan Dasar Muslim
Suni: Rukun Islam
Sahadat - Ngucapkeun kalimah sahadat Solat - Ngadegkeun solat Zakat - Ngaluarkeun zakat Puasa - Puasa di bulan Romadon Haji - Munggah haji ka Mekah
Suni: Rukun Iman
Taohid - Percaya kana tunggalna Alloh Nabi jeung Rosul - Percaya ka para nabi jeung rosul Kutub - Percaya kana kitab-kitab Allah. Malaikat - Percaya ka malaikat Kiamat - Percaya kana poé panungtungan Qodo jeung Qodar - Percaya kana takdir
Siah: Dua belas Poko Ageman
Taohid - Percaya kana tunggalna Alloh Adalah - Kaadilan Nubuwwah - Kanabian Imamah - Kapamingpinan Qiyamah - Poé panungtungan
Siah: Dua belas Cabang Ageman
Solat - Solat Puasa - Puasa dina bulan Romadon Haji - Munggah haji ka Mekah Zakat - Keur fakir miskin Khums - Saperlima pajeg Jihad - Perjoangan Amar-Bil-Ma'rūf - Nitah kana kahadéan Nahi-Anil-Munkar - Ngalarang kagoréngan Tawalla - Micinta Ahlul-Baét Tabarro - Ngajauhan musuh Ahlul-Baét
Siah Ismaili: 7 Rukun
Walayah - Guardianship Toharoh - Kasucian jeung kaberesihan Solat - Solat Zakat - Nyucikeun harta Puasa - Puasa dina bulan Romadon Haji - Munggah haji ka Mekaha Jihad - Berjoang
Siah Druze: 7 Rukun
Sahadat - Ngucapkeun kalimah sahadat Solat - Solat Zakat - Mayar zakat Puasa - Puasa dina bulan Romadon Haji - Munggah haji ka Mekah Walayah - Guardianship Jihad - Berjoang
Séjénna
Salafi/Khawarij: Tujuh rukun Islam. Kotak ieu: tempo • sawala • édit

لآ اِلَـهَ اِلاَّ لله محمد رسول الله

Romanisasi:

lā ilāhā illā-llāh; muḥammadun rasūlu-llāhi

Tarjamah basa Sunda:

Teu aya pangéran anging Allah; sarta Muhammad rosul Allah.

Hiji kalimah anu diucapkeun daria kalayan pinuh kajujuran, di hareupeun dua urang muslim salaku saksina. Ieu cukup pikeun salasaurang anu hayang jadi umat Islam, sahenteuna ieu anu diajarkeun di sakola tradisional atawa traditional schools.^[1]

Sababaraha Muslim Syiah nambahkeun Alīyun wali Allah (Ali hartina wakil Allah) di tungtung kalimah syahadat. Ini henteu wajib pikeun Syi'ah; ini mah saukur pilihan pribadi, sanajan kalolobaan Ayatollah yebutkeun leuweuh hadé nambahkeumna.

Artikel ieu keur dikeureuyeuh, ditarjamahkeun tina basa Inggris.
Bantuanna didagoan pikeun narjamahkeun.

Sajarah

One of the éarliest surviving translations of the Shahadah into a foreign language is in Greek, from the reign of al-Walid I (86-96 AH, 705-715 CE): Οὐκ ἔστι[ν θεὸς εἰ μὴ ὁ θεὸς μόνος·] Μααμὲ[τ ἀπόστολος θεοῦ] (Ouk esti[n theos ei mē ho theos monos;] Maame[t apostolos theou]).[1] "There is no god except the single God; Muhammad is God's apostle", i.e. "Allah" is being translated as "God".

Kaayaan Sahadat

There are seven critical conditions of the Shahadah:

Al-`Ilm (Knowledge of the meaning of the shahadah, its negation and affirmation)
Al-Yaqeen (Certainty – perfect knowledge of it that counter-acts suspicion and doubt)
Al-Ikhlaas (Sincerity which negates shirk)
Al-Sidq (Truthfulness that permits neither falsehood nor hypocrisy)
Al-Mahabbah (Love of the shahadah and its meaning, and being happy with it)
Al-Inqiad (Submission to its rightful requirements, which are the duties that must be performed with sincerity to God (alone) seeking His pleasure)
Al-Qubool (Acceptance that contradicts rejection).

Bandéra

Several national flags display the Shahadah:

The flag of Saudi Arabia, on a green background.
The unrecognized state of Somaliland.
From 1990 to 1992, the Islamic State of Afghanistan.
From 1997 to 2001, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, under the rule of the Taliban.
Per the 2004 draft constitution for Afghanistan, white script centered on a red background.

Perbédaan

It is considered correct to refer to previous figures such as prophets like Jesus (in Arabic, Isa) as Messengers (rasul), and a few groups (notably certain Sufi mystics) amend the declaration to mention prior prophets whose names are found in the Qur'an.^[rujukan?]

Sometimes اشهد ان 'ašhadu 'an = "I witness that" is prefixed to éach half of the Shahadah.

Sometimes و wa = "and" is prefixed to the first word of the second half of the Shahada.

Some of the relatively small minority, labelled the "Quran Alone Muslims" consider the second part of the Shahadah incorrect and say it should not include Muhammad's name, one of the réasons being that the full Shahadah with Muhammad's name is never found in the Qur'an.