Papers by Suzanne Wisniewski
2003 Annual meeting, July 27-30, Montreal, Canada, 2003
This paper examines the effect of foreign intellectual property right (IPR) systems and the polic... more This paper examines the effect of foreign intellectual property right (IPR) systems and the policies that comprise them on U.S. exports of biotechnology related agricultural input industries. Policy components include the extent of patent coverage across industry sectors, enforcement mechanisms, provisions for loss of patent protection, memberships to other international patent agreements, and duration of patent protection. Extending the empirical and theoretical work of Smith (2002), this paper uses a gravity model to analyze how IPRs affect the market power and market expansion effects of exports to countries with differing abilities to imitate technology. The findings suggest that strengthening global IPRs grant a market power effect to U.S. exporters; strong IPRs reduce U.S. exports by awarding a temporary monopoly over the protected good. However, the analysis of the individual policy components of an IPR system reveal which components inhibit trade through market power effects and which components counterbalance it through market expansion effects, increasing the flow of trade and access to biotechnology related agricultural inputs.
Revista De Educacion, 2018
The Journal of World Intellectual Property, Mar 1, 2005
This paper examines the effect of foreign intellectual property right (IPR) systems and the polic... more This paper examines the effect of foreign intellectual property right (IPR) systems and the policies that comprise them on U.S. exports of biotechnology related agricultural input industries. Policy components include the extent of patent coverage across industry sectors, enforcement mechanisms, provisions for loss of patent protection, memberships to other international patent agreements, and duration of patent protection. Extending the empirical and theoretical work of Smith (2002), this paper uses a gravity model to analyze how IPRs affect the market power and market expansion effects of exports to countries with differing abilities to imitate technology. The findings suggest that strengthening global IPRs grant a market power effect to U.S. exporters; strong IPRs reduce U.S. exports by awarding a temporary monopoly over the protected good. However, the analysis of the individual policy components of an IPR system reveal which components inhibit trade through market power effects and which components counterbalance it through market expansion effects, increasing the flow of trade and access to biotechnology related agricultural inputs.
Routledge eBooks, Nov 21, 2021
Education Economics, Apr 26, 2011
published by Taylor and Francis. It is posted here by agreement between them. Changes resulting f... more published by Taylor and Francis. It is posted here by agreement between them. Changes resulting from the publishing process-such as editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms-may not be reflected in this version of the text.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2004
This paper examines the separate impacts of early childhood nutrition and current health problems... more This paper examines the separate impacts of early childhood nutrition and current health problems on academic achievement. Previous research has considered either only the impact of early childhood nutrition or the impact of specific health problems on academic achievement. This is the first paper to consider both measures of health in a comprehensive way. A unique cross-section dataset of grade 4 students in Sri Lanka allows one to address more convincingly endogeneity issues stemming from missing variable bias. Specifically, controlling for school heterogeneity and parental taste for education the results show that children affected by hearing problems, intestinal worms and early childhood malnutrition have significantly lower cognitive skills. These results are robust to conditioning on the rate of student absence from school. Implications of this research suggest that returns to investments made to improving school quality will be limited by any lack in investment in improving early childhood nutrition and health problems faced by children in school years.
Education Economics, 2013
Discussion Paper Series Discussion Papers are published to communicate the results of the World B... more Discussion Paper Series Discussion Papers are published to communicate the results of the World Bank's work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to the formally edited texts. Some sources cited in the paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the government they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Review of education, Aug 12, 2018
In this paper we provide a rigorous review of evaluations of education programmes in developing c... more In this paper we provide a rigorous review of evaluations of education programmes in developing countries. This review is organised to provide guidance to policy-makers by identifying education interventions that are effective, sometimes effective, and not effective and by presenting some information on the cost effectiveness of different types of interventions. We distinguish between interventions' impacts on two types of outcomes: time in schools and learning as measured by test scores. Regarding children's time in school, we find that there are two effective, but admittedly relatively expensive, ways to increase enrolment and attendance: (1) Providing cash transfers conditional on attendance; and (2) Building new schools in communities where schools either do not exist or are far away. We have identified four interventions that have been shown to be effective at increasing test scores: (1) Merit-based student scholarships; (2) Teaching at the right level; (3) Decreasing pupil-teacher ratios; and (4) Building new schools.
Review of education, Aug 12, 2018
Given the current global aid environment, well-targeted education aid should be directed towards ... more Given the current global aid environment, well-targeted education aid should be directed towards programmes that have been shown by rigorous evaluations to be effective for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal four of ensuring inclusive and quality education for all. 1 There is abundant knowledge about the problems that exist in the education sector of developing countries, and there are many proposed policies to address these problems. However, policy-makers need information from high-quality policy impact evaluations to make effective investments in the future. Fortunately, many rigorous empirical evaluations on education in developing countries have been completed in the last 25 years in an effort to determine which education policies and programmes "work". This review of the research focuses on two main questions: (1) What education policies are associated with an increase in the amount of time that students spend in school, measured in terms of student enrolment, attendance and completed years of schooling? and (2) What education policies and programmes are associated with increases in student learning? Implications for policy The extensive high quality research on education programmes in developing countries that has been conducted in the last one to two decades provides an
World Development, Mar 1, 2010
This paper estimates the impact of nutrition and health problems on test scores of grade four stu... more This paper estimates the impact of nutrition and health problems on test scores of grade four students in Sri Lanka using a rich dataset on child height, weight, hearing and vision problems, helminthes infections, malaria, and micronutrient deficiencies. The results show that stunting and hearing problems in children have direct impact on tests scores and an indirect effect as parents may adjust to small changes in nutrition and health by changing the education inputs provided to their child. Further, omitting health problems from estimation generally causes an upward bias in estimates of stunting, a common measure of overall child health.
Migration and development, Aug 18, 2014
This paper estimates how family relationships between migrants and their households affect migrat... more This paper estimates how family relationships between migrants and their households affect migration and remittance responses to three different household shocks: an earthquake, the death of a family member, and livestock death. Using agricultural household panel data from El Salvador we find that migrant responses to negative shocks change across family relationships and the type of shock. Sisters of the household head return home after an earthquake while sons and brothers migrate away after livestock deaths, and household heads migrate away after the death of a family member. We also find that remittances received by the household significantly fall in response to earthquakes.
Education Economics, 2013
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Papers by Suzanne Wisniewski