2016 IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)
Fast-acting, yet cost-effective, communications is critical for smarter grid monitoring, protecti... more Fast-acting, yet cost-effective, communications is critical for smarter grid monitoring, protection, and control. This paper demonstrates a new approach for the real-time compression of Sampled Value (SV) data based on the IEC 61869-9 recommendations. This approach applies simple compression rules, yet yields excellent compression performance-typically compressing data to less than half of the original size. This leads to a significant and beneficial reduction in encoding time (in the merging unit producing the SV data) and decoding time (at the end application), as well as the main benefit of reduced Ethernet transmission times resulting from the reduced frame size. As well as reducing the absolute bandwidth requirements in typical applications, this has system-wide benefits due to reducing Ethernet queuing delays and the consequent network jitter. The approach has been validated on a real-time platform to accurately measure all contributions to the end-to-end delay. This work will help enable low-latency and bandwidth-sensitive applications involving the SV protocol, such as phasor measurement units and wide-area protection.
Future power networks will require much greater levels of machine-to-machine interaction to enabl... more Future power networks will require much greater levels of machine-to-machine interaction to enable smart grid applications, and ultimately increase the efficiency of the power network. Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology enables the deployment of many new IoT solutions in areas such as controlling and monitoring assets, environmental sensing and location tracking. In this paper, a prototype low-cost LPWAN module is developed to be retrofitted to existing Fault Passage Indicators, creating a automatic remote detection and location system for medium voltage faults, reducing the time to find faults from hours to minutes. This prototype device was then tested on a physical 11kV overhead line network, where the device demonstrated it was robust and suitable for mass deployment on a live network. The finalised prototype module costs roughly 5% of a single FPI unit, and additionally features the ability to remotely reconfigure FPI making installation and maintenance more convenient.
The First Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services, 2004. MOBIQUITOUS 2004., 2004
We are very pleased to welcome you to MobiQuitous 2004, the First Annual International Conference... more We are very pleased to welcome you to MobiQuitous 2004, the First Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services. As worldwide interest in pervasive and ubiquitous computing intensifies, MobiQuitous will bring you informative tutorials, stimulating discussions, presentation of innovative technical contributions, panels and workshop on cutting-edge topics. The conference technical program greatly benefited from the cooperation of researchers belonging to two different communities: the mobile computing community and the services/knowledge management community. The two are inextricably linked. Advances in underlying networking and systems technology enable and open up new kinds of mobile and pervasive applications and services. Similarly, new emergent ideas and capabilities for advanced services produce both requirements and motivation to drive mobile technology. Consequently, a key objective of the technical program committee (TPC) was to bring together these two communities, providing a forum where researchers, both industrial and academic, could discuss them in a context focused on the overall system.
Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of the international spectrum management regime ... more Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of the international spectrum management regime on the introduction of flexibility in the national allocation of radiocommunication services. This is achieved through focusing on the main elements of the international regime. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative inductive methodology is adopted that examines the different elements of the international radiocommunication service allocation framework. Data are drawn from 66 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders who are actively involved in International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector discussions. Findings The international radio regulations (RR) are perceived to be more of a framework for harmonisation that does not constrain the flexibility of countries. Countries are only restricted on their borders with their neighbours, and flexibility is already facilitated through a range of different measures. Moreover, several elements of the RR can be used to ...
Since the release of the open-source Android operating system in 2009, considerable research has ... more Since the release of the open-source Android operating system in 2009, considerable research has been carried out into various factors affecting the security and privacy of user data. As these devices become more widespread in usage, such as in vehicles with the announcement of Android Auto, the need for users to have control over the data available to applications is becoming important. A recurring theme from other works into this topic is that a more granular permissions model for Android applications would be beneficial, allowing users to understand which permissions their apps actually need, and to make decisions, rather than be forced to accept all of the requested permissions. A number of effective solutions have been presented, but these have required modifications be made to the core operating system, to enforce the existence of these new, optional permissions. We present an approach which permits an application developer to add optional permissions to their application, without any modifications being made to the underlying operating system. By not requiring rooting or other modifications to the device, this technique makes use of native Android functionality, and thus should remain operative between Android versions (which are increasingly difficult to gain root access on), unlike alternative techniques.
In this paper we present autonomic resource scheduling based on genetic algorithms embedded in au... more In this paper we present autonomic resource scheduling based on genetic algorithms embedded in autonomic element scheduling optimisation in hybrid TDD based wireless networks. A hybrid wireless network scenario, which utilises a mixture of cellular and ad-hoc multi-hop routing, and alleviates individual base station from extra traffic burden, is presented. TDD uplink and downlink asymmetric traffic is arranged or rearranged by "Autonomic Distributed Base Stations" using a computational intelligence algorithm to evaluate our previously proposed autonomic communications infrastructure. Our experiments indicate that a hybrid wireless structure has the potential for increasing system throughput while reducing centralised control overhead and end-to-end delay. The results also show that genetic scheduling is able to further organise and optimise packet sequences thereby allowing the implementation of autonomic element concepts in TDD radio resource management.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the European countries in Regi... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the European countries in Region 1 of the Radio Sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-R). More specifically, the focus is on the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 meeting to explore whether European influence is in decline. Design/methodology/approach – This article adopts in-depth case study of the 700-MHz issue. Qualitative data are drawn from semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders who participated at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 meeting. Findings – This article concludes that the influence of European countries in the ITU-R in Region 1 has changed. The influence of Arab and African countries has increased, with that of European countries declining. However, European countries remain more influential than their African and Arab counterparts. Research limitations/implications – This article sheds light on an often overlooked but pivotal element of the internationa...
ABSTRACT The lack of interoperability between 2G standards motivated the radio sector of the Inte... more ABSTRACT The lack of interoperability between 2G standards motivated the radio sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) to become involved in the standardisation process of personal mobile telecommunication. The efforts of the ITU-R ended with a family of five radio interfaces called International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT-2000) that collectively constitute 3G standards. ITU-R also identified several spectrum bands for IMT-2000. Later on, The ITU-R grew the IMT-2000 family to six standards by the inclusion of WIMAX (802.16e) after great resistance from several countries and vendors. The ITU-R work on 4G standards (IMT-Advanced) accommodates only two standards: LTE and WIMAX (IEEE 802.16m). The decline of the latter and the global adoption of the former have achieved the original target of the ITU-R to have one global standard. The paper examines the influence of IMT standardisation and spectrum identification processes within the ITU-R on the position of national regulators on technology neutrality. Furthermore, the paper assesses the impact of these processes on the 3G and 4G technology developments and deployment with a focus on the decline of WIMAX and diffusion of LTE. To do so, a case study approach is adopted that draws on two case studies of national regulators that are in favour of technology neutrality and supported inclusion of WIMAX into the IMT family but have not subsequently introduced it. The paper also analyses the activities of the IMT standardisation and spectrum identification in the various ITU-R working parties and previous WRCs. The paper draws on primary data from semi-structured interviews with the ITU and IMT standards representatives in addition to the main stakeholders in the selected case studies (e.g., regulators, operators, vendors). Moreover, secondary data are gathered mainly from the contributions regarding IMT in the ITU-R. The paper argues that while the IMT standardisation process has accelerated the development of 3G and 4G technologies and encouraged the global harmonisation of spectrum bands, it has also influenced negatively national regulators’ position on technology neutrality for several reasons. Firstly, defining and standardising 3G and 4G technologies have enabled regulators to differentiate between similar services according to the deployed technologies to claim additional license fees. Secondly, the ITU-R identification of several spectrum bands for the family of IMT standards has excluded the non-IMT standards from accessing the spectrum which has delayed the adoption of these standards. On the other hand, it has also restricted access of IMT standards into spectrum bands allocated to mobile service but not identified to IMT standards. In addition, the paper demonstrates that the IMT standardisation process has been used as a tool by the industry to have additional spectrum identified to IMT and to put the ITU stamp on their technologies without achieving the original aim of ITU-R of having interoperability between the different technologies. The selected case studies show also that the ITU-R definitions on IMT-2000 and IMT-advanced speeds are not used by operators to define commercial 3G and 4G speeds. Instead, it is the technology that defines the mobile generation. For instance, LTE is considered as 4G technology even if some of its releases are not part of IMT-Advanced family. In addition, technologies such as EDGE are not considered by operators as 3G although they are part of the IMT-2000 family. Moreover, it is found that ITU-R definitions are used in some cases by regulators to restrict access of 3G or 4G technologies to spectrum identified to IMT even if these technologies do not in practice achieve IMT requirements.
A novel approach to enhance the robustness of handovers in LTE femtocells is presented. A modifie... more A novel approach to enhance the robustness of handovers in LTE femtocells is presented. A modified Self Organizing Map is used to allow femtocells to learn about their specific indoor environment including the locations that have prompted handover requests. Optimized handover parameter values are then used that are specific to these locations. This approach reduces both the number of handover failures and the occurrence of ping-pong handovers. It also improves network efficiency by reducing the signaling overhead. The application of machine learning to this task complies with the plug-and-play functionality that is a requirement of Self Organizing Networks in LTE systems.
11th IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. PIMRC 2000. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8525), 2000
A hierarchical cellular system is proposed for accommodating a population of mobile users with di... more A hierarchical cellular system is proposed for accommodating a population of mobile users with different mobility profiles. This system employs an interconnection of "virtual buses", backed with a distributed hierarchical database to support an advanced routing of the signalling and traffic loads. In order to study the system performance a handshake resource negotiation protocol is proposed. The associated signalling traffic combined with mobility management signalling traffic is routed efficiently over the network. Furthermore, two interlayer bandwidth partitioning techniques are presented and evaluated through computer simulations.
Mobile communications has become an indispensable part of our everyday lives, with increasingly m... more Mobile communications has become an indispensable part of our everyday lives, with increasingly more people owning a smartphone, and being given access to a plethora of wireless access technologies: WiFi, 3G, and 4G. In an environment of such diversity, where each wireless access technology has its own distinct characteristics, network se-This work would not have been possible if not for the support and intellectual input of many great individuals. First and foremost, I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my supervisor, Dr. Robert Atkinson, for his great advice and support when I needed it most. A very special thanks go also to Dr. Alex Dickson for sharing his passion and expertise of economics and game theory. I would also like to thank my external and internal examiners, Dr. Dave Laurenson and Dr. Stuart Galloway for their valuable suggestions and advice which further helped enhance my thesis. Last but not least, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my family for their constant support and endless encouragement, and to my friends Nadezhda Shivarova,
The Internet of things (IoT) is currently a highly<br> researched topic, especially within ... more The Internet of things (IoT) is currently a highly<br> researched topic, especially within the context of the smart home.<br> These are small sensors that are capable of gathering data and<br> transmitting it to a server. The majority of smart home products use<br> protocols such as ZigBee or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). As these<br> small sensors are increasing in number, the need to implement these<br> with much more capable and ubiquitous transmission technology is<br> necessary. The high power consumption is the reason that holds<br> these small sensors back from using other protocols such as the<br> most ubiquitous form of communication, WiFi. Comparing the power<br> consumption of existing transmission technologies to one with WiFi<br> inbuilt, would provide a better understanding for choosing between<br> these technologies. We have developed a small IoT device with WiFi<br> capability and proven that...
2018 International Conference on Smart Communications and Networking (SmartNets), 2018
Telecommunications are a crucial element of smart grid technologies. Utility communication system... more Telecommunications are a crucial element of smart grid technologies. Utility communication systems need to combine cost effectiveness with the need for high reliability. Due to its wide geographic coverage, satellite communication can be an appropriate alternative for power system automation in order to reach remote substations. This paper presents the experimental testing of Broadband Global Area Networks (BGAN) M2M technology between the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system running a primary front end processor (FEP) and the reclosers. Hardware test results for a number of different scenarios are discussed, compared and validated. The challenges for keeping the polls reliability at highest levels are also discussed.
The Internet of Things (IoT) approach to interconnected devices has become a significant topic in... more The Internet of Things (IoT) approach to interconnected devices has become a significant topic in recent years, and is likely to be a major influence on future networking standards, such as ongoing work on 5G. IoT introduces connectivity to a much wider range of devices than seen previously, which raises a number of challenges, both technical and ethical. This paper explores some of these challenges which IoT faces, as a result of the personal and confidential information which may be transmitted from body-worn sensors, and the inherent challenges of introducing connectivity to standalone devices, rather than to equipment operated by users.
The Radio Sector of the ITU (ITU-R) has been involved in two aspects of personal mobile communica... more The Radio Sector of the ITU (ITU-R) has been involved in two aspects of personal mobile communication systems, namely defining the standards and identifying frequency bands related to these systems under the label of the International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT). This paper has investigated the influence of IMT standardisation activities in the ITU-R on national spectrum management policies with regard to decisions related to technology neutrality and technology selection. This paper has shown the different views on the importance of being one of the IMT technologies on regulator decision on technology selection, and has also revealed the elements in the IMT process that encourage and discourage more neutrality approach in technology selection. Moreover, different views on the mutual influence between the IMT definitions and 3G and 4G market definitions are highlighted. Furthermore, this paper has demonstrated how that the IMT spectrum identification has different positive influe...
2016 IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)
Fast-acting, yet cost-effective, communications is critical for smarter grid monitoring, protecti... more Fast-acting, yet cost-effective, communications is critical for smarter grid monitoring, protection, and control. This paper demonstrates a new approach for the real-time compression of Sampled Value (SV) data based on the IEC 61869-9 recommendations. This approach applies simple compression rules, yet yields excellent compression performance-typically compressing data to less than half of the original size. This leads to a significant and beneficial reduction in encoding time (in the merging unit producing the SV data) and decoding time (at the end application), as well as the main benefit of reduced Ethernet transmission times resulting from the reduced frame size. As well as reducing the absolute bandwidth requirements in typical applications, this has system-wide benefits due to reducing Ethernet queuing delays and the consequent network jitter. The approach has been validated on a real-time platform to accurately measure all contributions to the end-to-end delay. This work will help enable low-latency and bandwidth-sensitive applications involving the SV protocol, such as phasor measurement units and wide-area protection.
Future power networks will require much greater levels of machine-to-machine interaction to enabl... more Future power networks will require much greater levels of machine-to-machine interaction to enable smart grid applications, and ultimately increase the efficiency of the power network. Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology enables the deployment of many new IoT solutions in areas such as controlling and monitoring assets, environmental sensing and location tracking. In this paper, a prototype low-cost LPWAN module is developed to be retrofitted to existing Fault Passage Indicators, creating a automatic remote detection and location system for medium voltage faults, reducing the time to find faults from hours to minutes. This prototype device was then tested on a physical 11kV overhead line network, where the device demonstrated it was robust and suitable for mass deployment on a live network. The finalised prototype module costs roughly 5% of a single FPI unit, and additionally features the ability to remotely reconfigure FPI making installation and maintenance more convenient.
The First Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services, 2004. MOBIQUITOUS 2004., 2004
We are very pleased to welcome you to MobiQuitous 2004, the First Annual International Conference... more We are very pleased to welcome you to MobiQuitous 2004, the First Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services. As worldwide interest in pervasive and ubiquitous computing intensifies, MobiQuitous will bring you informative tutorials, stimulating discussions, presentation of innovative technical contributions, panels and workshop on cutting-edge topics. The conference technical program greatly benefited from the cooperation of researchers belonging to two different communities: the mobile computing community and the services/knowledge management community. The two are inextricably linked. Advances in underlying networking and systems technology enable and open up new kinds of mobile and pervasive applications and services. Similarly, new emergent ideas and capabilities for advanced services produce both requirements and motivation to drive mobile technology. Consequently, a key objective of the technical program committee (TPC) was to bring together these two communities, providing a forum where researchers, both industrial and academic, could discuss them in a context focused on the overall system.
Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of the international spectrum management regime ... more Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of the international spectrum management regime on the introduction of flexibility in the national allocation of radiocommunication services. This is achieved through focusing on the main elements of the international regime. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative inductive methodology is adopted that examines the different elements of the international radiocommunication service allocation framework. Data are drawn from 66 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders who are actively involved in International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector discussions. Findings The international radio regulations (RR) are perceived to be more of a framework for harmonisation that does not constrain the flexibility of countries. Countries are only restricted on their borders with their neighbours, and flexibility is already facilitated through a range of different measures. Moreover, several elements of the RR can be used to ...
Since the release of the open-source Android operating system in 2009, considerable research has ... more Since the release of the open-source Android operating system in 2009, considerable research has been carried out into various factors affecting the security and privacy of user data. As these devices become more widespread in usage, such as in vehicles with the announcement of Android Auto, the need for users to have control over the data available to applications is becoming important. A recurring theme from other works into this topic is that a more granular permissions model for Android applications would be beneficial, allowing users to understand which permissions their apps actually need, and to make decisions, rather than be forced to accept all of the requested permissions. A number of effective solutions have been presented, but these have required modifications be made to the core operating system, to enforce the existence of these new, optional permissions. We present an approach which permits an application developer to add optional permissions to their application, without any modifications being made to the underlying operating system. By not requiring rooting or other modifications to the device, this technique makes use of native Android functionality, and thus should remain operative between Android versions (which are increasingly difficult to gain root access on), unlike alternative techniques.
In this paper we present autonomic resource scheduling based on genetic algorithms embedded in au... more In this paper we present autonomic resource scheduling based on genetic algorithms embedded in autonomic element scheduling optimisation in hybrid TDD based wireless networks. A hybrid wireless network scenario, which utilises a mixture of cellular and ad-hoc multi-hop routing, and alleviates individual base station from extra traffic burden, is presented. TDD uplink and downlink asymmetric traffic is arranged or rearranged by "Autonomic Distributed Base Stations" using a computational intelligence algorithm to evaluate our previously proposed autonomic communications infrastructure. Our experiments indicate that a hybrid wireless structure has the potential for increasing system throughput while reducing centralised control overhead and end-to-end delay. The results also show that genetic scheduling is able to further organise and optimise packet sequences thereby allowing the implementation of autonomic element concepts in TDD radio resource management.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the European countries in Regi... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the European countries in Region 1 of the Radio Sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-R). More specifically, the focus is on the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 meeting to explore whether European influence is in decline. Design/methodology/approach – This article adopts in-depth case study of the 700-MHz issue. Qualitative data are drawn from semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders who participated at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 meeting. Findings – This article concludes that the influence of European countries in the ITU-R in Region 1 has changed. The influence of Arab and African countries has increased, with that of European countries declining. However, European countries remain more influential than their African and Arab counterparts. Research limitations/implications – This article sheds light on an often overlooked but pivotal element of the internationa...
ABSTRACT The lack of interoperability between 2G standards motivated the radio sector of the Inte... more ABSTRACT The lack of interoperability between 2G standards motivated the radio sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) to become involved in the standardisation process of personal mobile telecommunication. The efforts of the ITU-R ended with a family of five radio interfaces called International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT-2000) that collectively constitute 3G standards. ITU-R also identified several spectrum bands for IMT-2000. Later on, The ITU-R grew the IMT-2000 family to six standards by the inclusion of WIMAX (802.16e) after great resistance from several countries and vendors. The ITU-R work on 4G standards (IMT-Advanced) accommodates only two standards: LTE and WIMAX (IEEE 802.16m). The decline of the latter and the global adoption of the former have achieved the original target of the ITU-R to have one global standard. The paper examines the influence of IMT standardisation and spectrum identification processes within the ITU-R on the position of national regulators on technology neutrality. Furthermore, the paper assesses the impact of these processes on the 3G and 4G technology developments and deployment with a focus on the decline of WIMAX and diffusion of LTE. To do so, a case study approach is adopted that draws on two case studies of national regulators that are in favour of technology neutrality and supported inclusion of WIMAX into the IMT family but have not subsequently introduced it. The paper also analyses the activities of the IMT standardisation and spectrum identification in the various ITU-R working parties and previous WRCs. The paper draws on primary data from semi-structured interviews with the ITU and IMT standards representatives in addition to the main stakeholders in the selected case studies (e.g., regulators, operators, vendors). Moreover, secondary data are gathered mainly from the contributions regarding IMT in the ITU-R. The paper argues that while the IMT standardisation process has accelerated the development of 3G and 4G technologies and encouraged the global harmonisation of spectrum bands, it has also influenced negatively national regulators’ position on technology neutrality for several reasons. Firstly, defining and standardising 3G and 4G technologies have enabled regulators to differentiate between similar services according to the deployed technologies to claim additional license fees. Secondly, the ITU-R identification of several spectrum bands for the family of IMT standards has excluded the non-IMT standards from accessing the spectrum which has delayed the adoption of these standards. On the other hand, it has also restricted access of IMT standards into spectrum bands allocated to mobile service but not identified to IMT standards. In addition, the paper demonstrates that the IMT standardisation process has been used as a tool by the industry to have additional spectrum identified to IMT and to put the ITU stamp on their technologies without achieving the original aim of ITU-R of having interoperability between the different technologies. The selected case studies show also that the ITU-R definitions on IMT-2000 and IMT-advanced speeds are not used by operators to define commercial 3G and 4G speeds. Instead, it is the technology that defines the mobile generation. For instance, LTE is considered as 4G technology even if some of its releases are not part of IMT-Advanced family. In addition, technologies such as EDGE are not considered by operators as 3G although they are part of the IMT-2000 family. Moreover, it is found that ITU-R definitions are used in some cases by regulators to restrict access of 3G or 4G technologies to spectrum identified to IMT even if these technologies do not in practice achieve IMT requirements.
A novel approach to enhance the robustness of handovers in LTE femtocells is presented. A modifie... more A novel approach to enhance the robustness of handovers in LTE femtocells is presented. A modified Self Organizing Map is used to allow femtocells to learn about their specific indoor environment including the locations that have prompted handover requests. Optimized handover parameter values are then used that are specific to these locations. This approach reduces both the number of handover failures and the occurrence of ping-pong handovers. It also improves network efficiency by reducing the signaling overhead. The application of machine learning to this task complies with the plug-and-play functionality that is a requirement of Self Organizing Networks in LTE systems.
11th IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. PIMRC 2000. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8525), 2000
A hierarchical cellular system is proposed for accommodating a population of mobile users with di... more A hierarchical cellular system is proposed for accommodating a population of mobile users with different mobility profiles. This system employs an interconnection of "virtual buses", backed with a distributed hierarchical database to support an advanced routing of the signalling and traffic loads. In order to study the system performance a handshake resource negotiation protocol is proposed. The associated signalling traffic combined with mobility management signalling traffic is routed efficiently over the network. Furthermore, two interlayer bandwidth partitioning techniques are presented and evaluated through computer simulations.
Mobile communications has become an indispensable part of our everyday lives, with increasingly m... more Mobile communications has become an indispensable part of our everyday lives, with increasingly more people owning a smartphone, and being given access to a plethora of wireless access technologies: WiFi, 3G, and 4G. In an environment of such diversity, where each wireless access technology has its own distinct characteristics, network se-This work would not have been possible if not for the support and intellectual input of many great individuals. First and foremost, I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my supervisor, Dr. Robert Atkinson, for his great advice and support when I needed it most. A very special thanks go also to Dr. Alex Dickson for sharing his passion and expertise of economics and game theory. I would also like to thank my external and internal examiners, Dr. Dave Laurenson and Dr. Stuart Galloway for their valuable suggestions and advice which further helped enhance my thesis. Last but not least, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my family for their constant support and endless encouragement, and to my friends Nadezhda Shivarova,
The Internet of things (IoT) is currently a highly<br> researched topic, especially within ... more The Internet of things (IoT) is currently a highly<br> researched topic, especially within the context of the smart home.<br> These are small sensors that are capable of gathering data and<br> transmitting it to a server. The majority of smart home products use<br> protocols such as ZigBee or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). As these<br> small sensors are increasing in number, the need to implement these<br> with much more capable and ubiquitous transmission technology is<br> necessary. The high power consumption is the reason that holds<br> these small sensors back from using other protocols such as the<br> most ubiquitous form of communication, WiFi. Comparing the power<br> consumption of existing transmission technologies to one with WiFi<br> inbuilt, would provide a better understanding for choosing between<br> these technologies. We have developed a small IoT device with WiFi<br> capability and proven that...
2018 International Conference on Smart Communications and Networking (SmartNets), 2018
Telecommunications are a crucial element of smart grid technologies. Utility communication system... more Telecommunications are a crucial element of smart grid technologies. Utility communication systems need to combine cost effectiveness with the need for high reliability. Due to its wide geographic coverage, satellite communication can be an appropriate alternative for power system automation in order to reach remote substations. This paper presents the experimental testing of Broadband Global Area Networks (BGAN) M2M technology between the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system running a primary front end processor (FEP) and the reclosers. Hardware test results for a number of different scenarios are discussed, compared and validated. The challenges for keeping the polls reliability at highest levels are also discussed.
The Internet of Things (IoT) approach to interconnected devices has become a significant topic in... more The Internet of Things (IoT) approach to interconnected devices has become a significant topic in recent years, and is likely to be a major influence on future networking standards, such as ongoing work on 5G. IoT introduces connectivity to a much wider range of devices than seen previously, which raises a number of challenges, both technical and ethical. This paper explores some of these challenges which IoT faces, as a result of the personal and confidential information which may be transmitted from body-worn sensors, and the inherent challenges of introducing connectivity to standalone devices, rather than to equipment operated by users.
The Radio Sector of the ITU (ITU-R) has been involved in two aspects of personal mobile communica... more The Radio Sector of the ITU (ITU-R) has been involved in two aspects of personal mobile communication systems, namely defining the standards and identifying frequency bands related to these systems under the label of the International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT). This paper has investigated the influence of IMT standardisation activities in the ITU-R on national spectrum management policies with regard to decisions related to technology neutrality and technology selection. This paper has shown the different views on the importance of being one of the IMT technologies on regulator decision on technology selection, and has also revealed the elements in the IMT process that encourage and discourage more neutrality approach in technology selection. Moreover, different views on the mutual influence between the IMT definitions and 3G and 4G market definitions are highlighted. Furthermore, this paper has demonstrated how that the IMT spectrum identification has different positive influe...
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Papers by James Irvine