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hypotheis testing in observational study with propensity score matching to reduce confounding
in observational studies, many people use propensity score matching to reduce confounding (measured co-voriates) between two groups (cohorts). But due to some unobserved confounding co-variates (not ...
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How to test whether E[X]>E[Y] controlling for Z?
Question in mathematical terms.
Assume an observation consists of three continuous variables $X$, $Y$ and $Z$. The sample comprises a sufficiently large number of observations. I would like to check ...