SAR supergrupa

SAR; Vremenski raspon: 736–0 Ma Pha. Proterozoic Archean Had.
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Kladus:	Diaphoretickes
Kladus:	TSAR
Kladus:	SAR; Burki et al., 2007
Infrakraljevstva
	Stramenopiles (= Heterokonta); Alveolata; Rhizaria;
Sinonimi
	Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010;

SAR supergrupa, ili samo SAR ili Harosa, je klada eukariota koja obuhvata stramenopiles stramenopile (heterokonti), alveolate i rizarije.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Ime je skraćenica izvedena iz prvih slova svake od ovih klada;^[а] alternativno se piše „RAS”.^[6]^[7] Termin „Harosa“ (na nivou potkraljevstva) je takođe korišćen.^[8] SAR supergrupa je takson zasnovan na čvorovima.^[6] TSAR klada takođe uključuje Telonemids.^[9]

Članovi supergrupe SAR su nekada bili uključeni u posebne supergrupe Chromalveolata (Chromista i Alveolata) i Rhizaria, sve dok filogenetičke studije nisu potvrdile da se stramenopili i alveolati razlikuju od Rhizaria.^[10] Ovo je očigledno isključilo haptofite i cryptomonadkriptomonade, što je navelo Okamota et al. (2009) da predlože kladu Hacrobia da bi ih prilagodili.^[11]

Jedna analiza iz 2021. stavlja Alveolata i Stramenopile (Heterokonte) u Halvaria, kao sestru Rhizaria.^[12]

TSAR

Telonemia

SAR/

Rhizaria

Halvaria

	Alveolata

	Stramenopiles

Harosa

Vidi još

Napomene

^ As a formal taxon, "Sar" has only its first letter capitalized, while the earlier abbreviation, SAR, retains all uppercase letters. Both names denote the same group of organisms, unless further taxonomic revisions deem otherwise.

Reference

^ Laura Wegener Parfrey; Daniel J.G. Lahr; Andrew H. Knoll; Laura A. Katz, Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks
^ Archibald JM (јануар 2009). „The puzzle of plastid evolution”. Current Biology. 19 (2): R81—8. PMID 19174147. S2CID 51989. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.067 .
^ Burki F, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Minge M, Skjaeveland A, Nikolaev SI, Jakobsen KS, Pawlowski J (август 2007). Butler G, ур. „Phylogenomics reshuffles the eukaryotic supergroups”. PLOS ONE. 2 (8): e790. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..790B. PMC 1949142 . PMID 17726520. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000790 .
^ Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW, Dacks JB, Lang BF, Simpson AG, Roger AJ (март 2009). „Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups"”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (10): 3859—64. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3859H. PMC 2656170 . PMID 19237557. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807880106 .
^ Frommolt R, Werner S, Paulsen H, Goss R, Wilhelm C, Zauner S, et al. (децембар 2008). „Ancient recruitment by chromists of green algal genes encoding enzymes for carotenoid biosynthesis”. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (12): 2653—67. PMID 18799712. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn206 .
^ ^а ^б Adl SM, Simpson AG, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser SS, et al. (септембар 2012). „The revised classification of eukaryotes”. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429—93. PMC 3483872 . PMID 23020233. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x.
^ Baldauf SL (2008). „An overview of the phylogeny and diversity of eukaryotes” (PDF). Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 46 (3): 263—273. S2CID 512766. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.08060 (неактивно 1. 8. 2023). Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2019-08-20. г.
^ Cavalier-Smith T (јун 2010). „Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree”. Biology Letters. 6 (3): 342—5. PMC 2880060 . PMID 20031978. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948.
^ Strassert JF, Jamy M, Mylnikov AP, Tikhonenkov DV, Burki F (април 2019). Shapiro B, ур. „New Phylogenomic Analysis of the Enigmatic Phylum Telonemia Further Resolves the Eukaryote Tree of Life”. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (4): 757—765. PMC 6844682 . PMID 30668767. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz012.
^ Dawkins R, Wong Y (2016). Ancestor's Tale. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. стр. 573–577. ISBN 978-0544859937.
^ Burki F (мај 2014). „The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective”. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (5): a016147. PMC 3996474 . PMID 24789819. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016147.
^ Strassert JF; Irisarri I; Williams TA; Burki F (март 2021). „A molecular timescale for eukaryote evolution with implications for the origin of red algal-derived plastids”. Nature Communications. 12 (1): 1879. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.1879S. PMC 7994803 . PMID 33767194. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22044-z.

[6] As a formal taxon, "Sar" has only its first letter capitalized, while the earlier abbreviation, SAR, retains all uppercase letters. Both names denote the same group of organisms, unless further taxonomic revisions deem otherwise.

[Parfrey2011-1] Laura Wegener Parfrey; Daniel J.G. Lahr; Andrew H. Knoll; Laura A. Katz, Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks

[pmid19174147-2] Archibald JM (јануар 2009). „The puzzle of plastid evolution”. Current Biology. 19 (2): R81—8. PMID 19174147. S2CID 51989. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.067 .

[pmid17726520-3] Burki F, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Minge M, Skjaeveland A, Nikolaev SI, Jakobsen KS, Pawlowski J (август 2007). Butler G, ур. „Phylogenomics reshuffles the eukaryotic supergroups”. PLOS ONE. 2 (8): e790. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..790B. PMC 1949142 . PMID 17726520. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000790 .

[pmid19237557-4] Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW, Dacks JB, Lang BF, Simpson AG, Roger AJ (март 2009). „Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups"”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (10): 3859—64. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3859H. PMC 2656170 . PMID 19237557. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807880106 .

[pmid18799712-5] Frommolt R, Werner S, Paulsen H, Goss R, Wilhelm C, Zauner S, et al. (децембар 2008). „Ancient recruitment by chromists of green algal genes encoding enzymes for carotenoid biosynthesis”. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (12): 2653—67. PMID 18799712. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn206 .

[adl2012-7] а ^б Adl SM, Simpson AG, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser SS, et al. (септембар 2012). „The revised classification of eukaryotes”. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429—93. PMC 3483872 . PMID 23020233. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x.

[J1-8] Baldauf SL (2008). „An overview of the phylogeny and diversity of eukaryotes” (PDF). Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 46 (3): 263—273. S2CID 512766. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.08060 (неактивно 1. 8. 2023). Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2019-08-20. г.

[pmid20031978-9] Cavalier-Smith T (јун 2010). „Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree”. Biology Letters. 6 (3): 342—5. PMC 2880060 . PMID 20031978. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948.

[10] Strassert JF, Jamy M, Mylnikov AP, Tikhonenkov DV, Burki F (април 2019). Shapiro B, ур. „New Phylogenomic Analysis of the Enigmatic Phylum Telonemia Further Resolves the Eukaryote Tree of Life”. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (4): 757—765. PMC 6844682 . PMID 30668767. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz012.

[Ancestor-11] Dawkins R, Wong Y (2016). Ancestor's Tale. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. стр. 573–577. ISBN 978-0544859937.

[burki2014-12] Burki F (мај 2014). „The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective”. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (5): a016147. PMC 3996474 . PMID 24789819. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016147.

[Strassert_2021-13] Strassert JF; Irisarri I; Williams TA; Burki F (март 2021). „A molecular timescale for eukaryote evolution with implications for the origin of red algal-derived plastids”. Nature Communications. 12 (1): 1879. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.1879S. PMC 7994803 . PMID 33767194. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22044-z.

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