Матријархат

Мајка са дететом из Непала

Матријархат је друштвени систем у којем положаје доминације и ауторитета првенствено имају жене. У оваквом друштву мајка је била изузетно поштована, глава породице, а по њој се рачунало и сродство. Претпоставља се да су праисторијски људи обожавали женска божанства и гајили култ велике мајке. Фром сматра да је у том типу друштава било доминантно женско начело (поштовање живота, безусловна материнска љубав, праштање итд.) и да се хипотезом о матријархату могу објаснити познате бајке, митови, античке грчке драме и друге духовне творевине.

Матријархати се такође могу погрешно поистоветити са матрилинеалним, матрилокалним и матрифокалним друштвима. Постоје становишта према којима би било који непатријархални систем био матријархалан, укључујући на тај начин и родно-равноправне системе (Пеги Ривс Сандеј се залаже за редефинисање и поновно увођење речи матријархат, посебно у односу на савремена матрилинерална друштва као што је Минангкабско), али већина академика их искључује из строго дефинисаних матријархија. Други научници тврде да међу припадницима врсте Homo sapiens никада није било матријархалних друштава.

Види још

• Патријархат

Литература

• Овај чланак или његов део изворно је преузет из Речника социјалног рада Ивана Видановића уз одобрење аутора.
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• Adler, Margot (2006) [1979]. Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America. New York, NY: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-303819-1. 
• Bacchetta, Paola (2002). „Hindu nationalist women: on the use of the feminine symbolic to (temporarily) displace male authority”. Ур.: Laurie L. Patton. Jewels of Authority: Women and Textual Tradition in Hindu India. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513478-0. 
• Brammall, Kathryn M. (1996). „Monstrous metamorphosis: nature, morality, and the rhetoric of monstrosity in Tudor England”. The Sixteenth Century Journal. 27 (1): 3—21. JSTOR 2544266. doi:10.2307/2544266. 
• Castro, Ginette (1990). American Feminism: a Contemporary History. Translated by Elizabeth Loverde-Bagwell. New York, NY: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-1448-5.  – translated from Radioscopie du féminisme américain (Paris, France: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1984)
• Chesler, Phyllis (2005). Women and Madness. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-6897-5. 
• Daly, Mary (1990) [1978]. Gyn/Ecology: the Metaethics of Radical Feminism. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-1413-4. 
• Davis, Elizabeth Gould (1971). The First Sex. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons. LCCN 79-150582. 
• Diner, Helen (1965). Mothers and Amazons: The First Feminine History of Culture. Edited and translated by John Philip Lundin. New York, NY: Julian Press. 
• Donovan, Josephine (2000). Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions (3rd изд.). New York, NY: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-1248-5. 
• Echols, Alice (1989). Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America 1967–1975. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-1787-6. 
• Eller, Cynthia (1991). „Relativizing the patriarchy: the sacred history of the feminist spirituality movement”. History of Religions. 30 (3): 279—295. S2CID 162395492. doi:10.1086/463229. 
• Eller, Cynthia (1995). Living in the Lap of the Goddess: The Feminist Spirituality Movement in America. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-6507-5. 
• Eller, Cynthia (2000). The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory: Why an Invented Past Won't Give Women a Future. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-6792-5. 
• Eller, Cynthia (2011). Gentlemen and Amazons: The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory, 1861–1900. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 
• Engels, Friedrich (1984). Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigenthums und des Staates. Im Anschluss an Lewis H. Morgans Forschungen (на језику: немачки). Berlin: Dietz. 
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• Farley, Tucker (1984). „Realities and fictions: lesbian visions of Utopia”. Ур.: Ruby Rohrlich; Elaine Hoffman Baruch. Women in Search of Utopia: Mavericks and Mythmakers. New York, NY: Schocken Books. ISBN 978-0-8052-0762-0. 
• Felch, Susan M. (1995). „The rhetoric of Biblical authority: John Knox and the question of women”. The Sixteenth Century Journal. 26 (4): 805—822. JSTOR 2543787. doi:10.2307/2543787. 
• Freeman, Marsha (2003). „Women, law, religion, and politics in Israel: a human rights perspective”. Ур.: Kalpana Misra; Melanie S. Rich. Jewish Feminism in Israel. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. ISBN 978-1-58465-325-7. 
• Gabriel, Mary (1998). Notorious Victoria: The Life of Victoria Woodhull, Uncensored. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books. ISBN 978-1-56512-132-4. 
• Gilman, Charlotte Perkins (2001) [1914]. The Man-Made World; or, Our Androcentric Culture. Amherst, NY: Humanity Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-959-2. 
• Goettner-Abendroth, Heide, ур. (2009a). Societies of Peace: Matriarchies Past, Present and Future: Selected Papers: First World Congress on Matriarchal Studies, 2003 / Second World Congress on Matriarchal Studies, 2005. Toronto: Inanna Publications. ISBN 978-0-9782233-5-9. 
• Goettner-Abendroth, Heide (2009b). „The deep structure of matriarchal society: findings and political relevance of modern matriarchal studies”. Ур.: Heide Goettner-Abendroth. Societies of Peace: Matriarchies Past, Present and Future: Selected Papers: First World Congress on Matriarchal Studies, 2003 / Second World Congress on Matriarchal Studies, 2005. Translated by Karen Smith. Toronto: Inanna Publications. ISBN 978-0-9782233-5-9. 
• Hartman, Tova (2007). Feminism Encounters Traditional Judaism: Resistance and Accommodation. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press. ISBN 978-1-58465-659-3. 
• Healey, Robert M. (1994). „Waiting for Deborah: John Knox and Four Ruling Queens”. The Sixteenth Century Journal. 25 (2): 371—386. JSTOR 2542887. doi:10.2307/2542887. 
• Herzog, Don (1998). Poisoning the Minds of the Lower Orders. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-04831-4. 
• Jacobs, Renée E. (1991). „Iroquois Great Law of Peace and the United States Constitution: How the Founding Fathers Ignored the Clan Mothers”. American Indian Law Review. 16 (2): 497—531. JSTOR 20068706. doi:10.2307/20068706. 
• Knox, John (1878) [1558]. Edward Arber, ур. The First Blast of the Trumpet against the monstruous regiment of Women. English Scholar's Library. 2. 
• LeBow, Diane (1984). „Rethinking matriliny among the Hopi”. Ур.: Ruby Rohrlich; Elaine Hoffman Baruch. Women in Search of Utopia: Mavericks and Mythmakers. New York, NY: Schocken Books. стр. 8—20. ISBN 978-0-8052-0762-0. 
• Lee, Patricia-Ann (1990). „A bodye politique to governe: Aylmer, Knox and the debate on queenship”. The Historian. 52 (2): 242—261. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1990.tb00780.x. 
• Love, Barbara; Shanklin, Elizabeth (1983). „The answer is matriarchy”. Ур.: Joyce Trebilcot. Mothering: Essays in Feminist Theory. New Jersey: Rowman & Allenheld. 
• Mansfield, Harvey Claflin (2006). Manliness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10664-0. 
• The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (4th изд.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-19-861271-1. 
• Patai, Raphael (1990). The Hebrew Goddess (3rd изд.). Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 
• Peoples, James; Bailey, Garrick (2012). Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (9th изд.). Australia: Wadsworth. ISBN 978-1-111-30152-1. 
• Phan, Peter C. (2005). Vietnamese-American Catholics. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-4352-8. 
• Poldervaart, Saskia (1997). „Utopianism and feminism: some conclusions”. Ур.: Alkeline van Lenning; Marrie Bekker; Ine Vanwesenbeeck. Feminist Utopias: In a Postmodern Era. Tilburg University Press. стр. 177—194. ISBN 978-90-361-9747-2. 
• Porter, Laurence M. (1992). „Feminist fantasy and open structure in Monique Wittig's Les Guérillères”. Ур.: Donald E. Morse; Marshall B. Tymn; Csilla Bertha. The Celebration of the Fantastic: Selected Papers from the Tenth Anniversary International Conference on the Fantastic in the Arts. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. стр. 261–270. ISBN 978-0-313-27814-3. 
• Roald, Anne Sofie (2001). Women in Islam: The Western Experience. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-24896-9. 
• Richards, Judith M. (1997). „"To promote a woman to beare rule": talking of queens in mid-Tudor England”. The Sixteenth Century Journal. 28 (1): 101—121. JSTOR 2543225. doi:10.2307/2543225. 
• Roces, Mina; Edwards, Louise P., ур. (2010). Women's Movements in Asia: Feminisms and Transnational Activism. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 9780415487030. 
• Rohrlich, Ruby (1977). „Women in transition: Crete and Sumer”. Ур.: Renate Bridenthal; Claudia Koontz. Becoming Visible: Women in European History. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. стр. 36–59. ISBN 9780395244777. 
• Rohrlich, Ruby (1984). „Introduction”. Ур.: Ruby Rohrlich; Elaine Hoffman Baruch. Women in Search of Utopia: Mavericks and Mythmakers. New York, NY: Schocken Books. ISBN 978-0-8052-0762-0. 
• Ross, Becki L. (1995). The House That Jill Built: A Lesbian Nation in Formation. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-7479-9. 
• Rountree, Kathryn (2001). „The past is a foreigners' country: goddess feminists, archaeologists, and the appropriation of prehistory”. Journal of Contemporary Religion. 16 (1): 5—27. S2CID 144309885. doi:10.1080/13537900123321. 
• Ruden, Sarah (2010). Paul Among the People: The Apostle Reinterpreted and Reimagined in his Own Time. New York, NY: Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-375-42501-1. 
• Schaller, George B. (1972). The Serengeti lion: A study of predator–prey relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. 
• Scalingi, Paula Louise (1978). „The Scepter or the Distaff: The Question of Female Sovereignty, 1516–1607”. The Historian. 41 (1): 59—75. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1978.tb01228.x. 
• Schaub, Diana (2006). „Man's field: a review of Manliness, by Harvey C. Mansfield”. Claremont Review of Books. VI (2). Архивирано из оригинала 24. 06. 2019. г. Приступљено 02. 05. 2021. 
• Schlegel, Alice (1984). „Hopi gender ideology of female superiority”. Quarterly Journal of Ideology: "A Critique of the Conventional Wisdom". VIII (4). 
• Schönpflug, Karin (2008). Feminism, Economics and Utopia: Time Travelling Through Paradigms. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-41784-6. 
• Spender, Dale (1985). For the Record: The Making and Meaning of Feminist Knowledge. London: The Women's Press. ISBN 978-0-7043-2862-4. 
• Sukumar, Raman (11. 9. 2003). The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-510778-4. OCLC 935260783. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Taylor, Keith Weller (1983). The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04428-9. 
• Tsomo, Karma Lekshe (1999). „Mahāprajāpatī's legacy: the Buddhist women's movement: an introduction”. Ур.: Karma Lekshe Tsomo. Buddhist Women Across Cultures: Realizations. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-4138-1. 
• Umanit, Irit (2003). „Violence against women”. Ур.: Kalpana Misra; Melanie S. Rich. Jewish Feminism in Israel. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England. ISBN 978-1-58465-325-7. 
• Vonarburg, Elisabeth (1992). In the mother's land. Translated by Jane Brierley. New York, NY: Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-5532-9962-5. 
• Willemsen, Tineke M. (1997). „Feminism and utopias: an introduction”. Ур.: Alkeline van Lenning; Marrie Bekker; Ine Vanwesenbeeck. Feminist Utopias: In a Postmodern Era. Tilburg University Press. стр. 1—10. ISBN 978-90-361-9747-2. 
• Wittig, Monique (1985) [1969]. Les Guérillères. Translated by David Le Vay. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-6301-9. 
• Zerilli, Linda M. G. (2005). Feminism and the Abyss of Freedom. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-98133-8. 
• Czaplicka, Marie Antoinette, (1914). Aboriginal Siberia, a Study in Social Anthropology. Oxford: Clarendon Press. CS1 одржавање: Вишеструка имена: списак аутора (веза)
• Finley, M.I., The World of Odysseus (London: Pelican Books, 1962)
• Gimbutas, Marija, (1991). The Language of the Goddess. CS1 одржавање: Вишеструка имена: списак аутора (веза)
• Goldberg, Steven. Why Men Rule: A Theory of Male Dominance. ISBN 0-8126-9237-3.  (rev. ed. 1993)
• Hutton, Ronald (1993). The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles. ISBN 0-631-18946-7. 
• Lapatin, Kenneth (2002). Mysteries of the Snake Goddess: Art, Desire, and the Forging of History. ISBN 0-306-81328-9. 
• Lerner, Gerda (1993). The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509060-8. . (Oxford:)
• Lerner, Gerda (1986). The Creation of Patriarchy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505185-8. . (Oxford:)
• Raman, Sukumar (2006). „A Brief Review of the Status, Distribution and Biology of Wild Asian Elephants Elephas Maximus”. International Zoo Yearbook. 40 (1): 1—8. 
• Sanday, Peggy Reeves, (2002). Women at the Center: Life in a Modern Matriarchy. Cornell University Press. CS1 одржавање: Вишеструка имена: списак аутора (веза)
• Schiavoni, Giulio, (2016). Bachofen in-attuale?. chapter), in Il matriarcato. Ricerca sulla ginecocrazia del mondo antico nei suoi aspetti religiosi e giuridici (Turin, Italy: Giulio Einaudi editore. ISBN 978-88-06-229375. CS1 одржавање: Вишеструка имена: списак аутора (веза) (Johann Jakob Bachofen, editor)
• Shorrocks, Bryan (2007). The Biology of African Savannahs. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-857066-X.  (2007 ())
• Stearns, Peter N. (2000). Gender in World History. N.Y.: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22310-5. .
• Yoshamya, Mitjel, & Zyelimer Yoshamya, Gan-Veyan: Neo-Liburnic Glossary, Grammar, Culture, Genom, in Old-Croatian Archidioms (Zagreb: Scientific Society For Ethnogenesis Studies (Monograph I), 2005), p. 1–1224

Спољашње везе

• Lady Land (TV-Tropes.com) (fictional and real-life examples)
• Knight, Chris, Early Human Kinship was Matrilineal (2008)