Сатана

Сатана (Сотона; од хебр. שָּׂטָן — сатан = „непријатељ”, „противник”; арап. شيطان — шајтан = „залутао”, „удаљен”; некада и уопштено ђаво), фигура је која се јавља у текстовима аврамских религија која доноси зло и искушење и позната је као обманитељ који води човјечанство ка странпутици. Неке религијске групе сматрају да је настао као анђео, или нешто слично, који је имао велику побожност и љепоту, али је пао због охолости, завођења човјечанства на пут неистине и гријеха и има моћ у палом свијету. У Танаху Сатана је првенствено тужилац или противник. У неким каснијим јеврејским списима и Новом завјету, Сатана се описује као злонамернији ентитет супротан Богу, такође називан и ђаволом, који поседује одвратне особине.

Илустрација Сатане на folio 290 recto из средњовјековног рукописа Codex Gigas, из раног 13. вијека

Интерпретација Сатане Гистава Дореа из „Изгубљеног раја” Џона Милтона

Изглед Сатане према веровањима секте "Радост Сатане"

Иако је Сатана уопштено виђен као негативна фигура, неке групе имају другачије виђење. У теистичком сатанизму, Сатана се сматра божанством које се обожава или поштује. У Лавејовом сатанизму, Сатана је симбол ваљаних особина и слободе.

У књижевности

У делу Луча микрокозма, отпадницима од Српства Бог додељује казну какву и Сатани и његовим следбеницима.

Мотив погодбе са Сатаном је водећа наративна линија класика светске књижевности Фауст.

„Највећа лукавост ђавола је у томе што нас је убедио да не постоји.”, тврдио је Шарл Бодлер.

Види још

• Антихрист
• Сатанизам
• Луцифер
• Седам принчева пакла
• Радост Сатане

Литература

• ʻAbduʾl-Bahá (1982) [1912], The Promulgation of Universal Peace, Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, стр. 294—295, ISBN 0-87743-172-8, Архивирано из оригинала 20. 10. 2019. г., Приступљено 29. 04. 2018 
• Ahmad, Shahab (2017), Before Orthodoxy: The Satanic Verses in Early Islam, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-04742-6 
• Ahmadi, Nader; Ahmadi, Fereshteh (1998), Iranian Islam: The Concept of the Individual, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, and London, England: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-230-37349-5 
• Allen, Roger (2015), Studying Modern Arabic Literature, Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-1-4744-0349-8 
• Almond, Philip C. (2004), Demonic Possession and Exorcism in Early Modern England: Contemporary Texts and their Cultural Context, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-511-21036-5 
• Bainton, Roland H. (1978) [1950], Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther, Nashville, Tennessee: Abingdon Press, ISBN 0-687-16895-3 
• Bamberger, Bernard J. (2006). Fallen Angels: Soldiers of Satan's Realm. Jewish Publication Society of America. ISBN 0-8276-0797-0. 
• Bass, Justin (2014), The Battle for the Keys: Revelation 1:18 and Christ's Descent into the Underworld, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock, ISBN 978-1-62564-839-6 
• Beekmann, Sharon; Bolt, Peter G. (2012), Silencing Satan: Handbook of Biblical Demonology, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock, ISBN 978-1-61097-055-6 
• Bryson, Michael (2004), The Tyranny of Heaven: Milton's Rejection of God as King, Cranbury, New Jersey, London, England, and Mississauga, Ontario: Rosemont Publishing and Printing Corp., ISBN 0-87413-859-0 
• Cabinet, Kristofer Widholm and Bernard McGinn (2001). „Antichrist: An Interview with Bernard McGinn”. Cabinet Magazine. Issue 5 Evil Winter. Cabinet Magazine. Архивирано из оригинала 08. 08. 2019. г. Приступљено 29. 04. 2018. 
• Caird, George Bradford (1980), The Language and Imagery of the Bible, London, England: Westminster Press, ISBN 9780664213787 
• Caldwell, William (1913). „The Doctrine of Satan: I. In the Old Testament”. The Biblical World. 41 (1): 29—33. JSTOR 3142352. doi:10.1086/474684. 
• Caldwell, William (1913). „The Doctrine of Satan: II. Satan in Extra-Biblical Apocalyptical Literature”. The Biblical World. 41 (2): 98—102. JSTOR 3142425. doi:10.1086/474708. 
• Caldwell, William (1913). „The Doctrine of Satan: III. In the New Testament”. The Biblical World. 41 (3): 167—172. JSTOR 3142755. doi:10.1086/474733. 
• Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009), „Satan”, Encyclopedia of Islam, New York City, New York: Infobase Publishing, стр. 603—604, ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1 
• Chambers, Aaron (2014), Devoted, Colorado Springs, Colorado: NavPress, ISBN 978-1-61291-637-8 
• Davies, Douglas J. (2010). Fallen Joseph Smith, Jesus, and Satanic Opposition: Atonement, Evil and the Mormon Vision. University of Durham, UK. ISBN 978-1-4094-0830-7. 
• Day, John (2002) [2000], Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan, Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, ISBN 0-82646-830-6 
• Eddy, P. R.; Beilby, J. (2008), „Atonement”, Ур.: Dyrness, William A.; Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti, Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Church, Downers Grove, Illinois and Nottingham, England: IVP Academic, стр. 84—92, ISBN 978-0-8308-2454-0 
• Ellis, Bill (2000), Raising the Devil: Satanism, New Religions, and the Media, Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky Press, ISBN 0-8131-2170-1 
• Empson, William. Milton's God (1966)
• Faiola, Anthony (10. 5. 2014), „A modern pope gets old school on the Devil: A renewed interest in exorcism”, The Washington Post, The WP Company, LLC 
• Ferber, Sarah (2004), Demonic Possession and Exorcism in Early Modern France, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-21265-0 
• Ferguson, Everett (2003) [1987], Backgrounds of Early Christianity (third изд.), Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, ISBN 0-8028-2221-5 
• Forsyth, Neil (1987). The Old Enemy: Satan & the Combat Myth. Princeton University Press; Reprint edition. ISBN 0-691-01474-4. 
• Forsyth, Neil (1987). The Satanic Epic. Princeton University Press; Reprint edition. ISBN 0-691-11339-4. 
• Fowlie, Wallace (1981), A Reading of Dante's Inferno, Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-25888-2 
• Gallagher, Eugene V.; Ashcraft, W. Michael (2006), Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America: History and Controversies, 1, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-275-98713-2 
• Garland, David E. (2006), Hebrews - Revelation, The Expositor's Bible Commentary: Revised Edition, 13, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, ISBN 978-0-31086624-4 
• Gentry, Kenneth L. Jr (2002). The Beast of Revelation. American Vision. ISBN 0-915815-41-9. 
• Geoffroy, Éric (2010), Introduction to Sufism: The Inner Path of Islam, Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom, ISBN 978-1-935493-10-5 
• Ginther, James R. (2009), The Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology, The Westminster Handbooks to Christian Theology, Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, ISBN 978-0-664-22397-7 
• Glustrom, Simon (1989), The Myth and Reality of Judaism: 82 Misconceptions Set Straight, West Orange, New Jersey: Behrman House, Inc., ISBN 0-87441-479-2 
• Grafton, Anthony; Most, Glenn W.; Settis, Salvatore (2010), The Classical Tradition, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-03572-0 
• Graves, Kersey (1995). Biography of Satan: Exposing the Origins of the Devil. Book Tree. ISBN 1-885395-11-6. 
• Guiley, Rosemary (2009), The Encyclopedia of Demons and Demonology, New York City, New York: Facts On File, Inc., ISBN 978-0-8160-7314-6 
• ‘’The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, An illustrated Encyclopedia’’;ed. Buttrick, George Arthur; Abingdon Press 1962
• Jabbour, Nabeel (2014), The Crescent through the Eyes of the Cross: Insights from an Arab Christian, London, England: Omnibus Press, ISBN 9781615215126 
• Jacobs, Joseph, and Ludwig Blau. "Satan," The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) online pp 68–71
• Jordan, William (27. 9. 2013), „18% of Brits believe in possession by the devil”, yougov.co.uk, YouGov 
• Kelly, Henry Ansgar (2006), Satan: A Biography, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521604024 
• Kent, William. "Devil." The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908) Vol. 4. online older article
• Kohler, Kaufmann (1923), Heaven and Hell in Comparative Religion with Special Reference to Dante's Divine Comedy, New York City, New York: The Macmillan Company 
• Levack, Brian P. (2015), „54. Johann Weyer: the Possession of the Nuns at Wertet, 1550”, The Witchcraft Sourcebook, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, ISBN 978-1138774971 
• Lewis, James R. (2001), Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion, Folklore, and Popular Culture, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 1-57607-759-4 
• Link, Luther (1995), The Devil: A Mask Without a Face, London, England: Reaktion Books, ISBN 0-948462-67-1 
• McMillan, M. E. (2011), The Meaning of Mecca: The Politi of Pilgrimage in Early Islam, London, England: Saqi Books, ISBN 978-0863564376 
• Osborn, Ian (1998), Tormenting Thoughts and Secret Rituals: The Hidden Epidemic of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, New York City, New York: Dell Publishing, ISBN 0-440-50847-9 
• Osborne, B. A. E. (1973). „Peter: Stumbling-Block and Satan”. Novum Testamentum. 15 (3): 187—190. JSTOR 1560340. doi:10.2307/1560340. 
• Pagels, Elaine (1995). The Origin of Satan. Vintage; Reprint edition. ISBN 0-679-72232-7. 
• Parker, Thomas Henry Louis (1995), Calvin: An Introduction to his Thought, Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, ISBN 978-0664256029 
• Patmore, Hector M. (2012), Adam, Satan, and the King of Tyre: The Interpretation of Ezekiel 28:11-19 in Late Antiquity, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, ISBN 978-90-0420880-3 
• Peterson, Robert A. (2012), Salvation Accomplished by the Son: The Work of Christ, Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway, ISBN 978-1-4335-2360-1 
• Pilch, John J. (1995), The Cultural World of Jesus: Sunday by Sunday, Volume 1, Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, ISBN 0-8146-2286-0 
• Plantinga, Richard J.; Thompson, Thomas J.; Lundberg, Matthew D. (2010), An Introduction to Christian Theology, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-69037-9 
• Poole, W. Scott (2009), Satan in America: The Devil We Know, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, ISBN 978-1-4422-0062-3 
• Prince, Stephen (2004), The Horror Film, New Brunswick, New Jersey and London: Rutgers University Press, ISBN 0-8135-3363-5 
• Rebhorn, Wayne A. (1973). „The Humanist Tradition and Milton's Satan: The Conservative as Revolutionary”. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900. 13 (1): 81—93. JSTOR 449871. doi:10.2307/449871. 
• Rosica, The Rev. Thomas (20. 7. 2015), Why is Pope Francis so obsessed with the devil?, Turner Broadcasting System, CNN 
• Rudwin, Maximilian (1970). The Devil in Legend and Literature. Open Court. ISBN 0-87548-248-1. 
• Russell, Jeffrey Burton (1987). The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity. ISBN 0801494095.  excerpt and text search
• Russell, Jeffrey Burton (1987). Satan: The Early Christian Tradition. ISBN 0801494133.  excerpt and text search
• Russell, Jeffrey Burton (1984), Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ISBN 0-8014-9429-X 
• Russell, Jeffrey Burton (1990). Mephistopheles: The Devil in the Modern World. ISBN 0801497183.  excerpt and text search
• Russell, Jeffrey Burton (1992). The Prince of Darkness: Radical Evil and the Power of Good in History. ISBN 0801480566.  excerpt and text search
• Schaff, D. S. "Devil" in New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1911), Mainline Protestant; vol 3 pp 414–417 online
• Scott, Miriam Van (1999). The Encyclopedia of Hell. ISBN 0312244428.  excerpt and text search comparative religions; also popular culture
• Smith, Peter (2000), A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith, Oxford, UK: Oneworld, стр. 135—136, 304, ISBN 1-85168-184-1 
• Smith, Peter (2008), An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, стр. 112, ISBN 0-521-86251-5 
• Spignesi, Stephen J. (2003), The Italian 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Cultural, Scientific, and Politics, Past and Present, New York, New York: Citadel Press, ISBN 0-8065-2399-9 
• Stoddard, Ed (29. 11. 2007), Poll finds more Americans believe in devil than Darwin, Reuters 
• Tambling, Jeremy (2017), Histories of the Devil: From Marlowe to Mann and the Manichees, London, England: Palgrave Macmillan Publishers Ltd., ISBN 978-1-137-51832-3, doi:10.1057/978-1-137-51832-3 
• Thomsett, Michael C. (2011), Heresy in the Roman Catholic Church: A History, Jefferson, North Carolina: MacFarland & Company, Inc., ISBN 978-0-7864-4448-9 
• Tomashoff, Craig (13. 11. 2016), „From 'Touched by an Angel' to 'Lucifer': TV's Heavenly Creatures Are Evolving”, The Hollywood Reporter (на језику: енглески), Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, Приступљено 22. 12. 2017 
• van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Willem, Pieter (1999), Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (second изд.), Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdman's Publishing Company, ISBN 0-8028-2491-9 
• Verbart, André (1995), Fellowship in Paradise Lost: Vergil, Milton, Wordsworth, 97, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Atlanta, Georgia: Rodopi, ISBN 90-5183-882-4 
• Vicchio, Stephen J. (2008), Biblical Figures in the Islamic Faith, Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock, ISBN 978-1-55635-304-8 
• Werner, Bette Charlene (1986), Blake's Vision of the Poetry of Milton: Illustrations to Six Poems, Cranbury, New Jersey, London, England, and Mississauga, Ontario: Associated University Presses, ISBN 0-8387-5084-2 
• Wray, T. J. and Gregory Mobley. The Birth of Satan: Tracing the Devil's Biblical Roots (2005) excerpt and text search

Спољашње везе

• Catholic Encyclopedia — "Devil"
• Jewish Encyclopedia — "Satan"
• The Internet Sacred Texts Archive hosts texts—scriptures, literature and scholarly works—on Satan, Satanism and related religious matters
• The Brotherhood of Satan’s perspective on Satan and Lucifer.
• The Devil, BBC Radio 4 дискусија са Martin Palmer, Alison Rowlands и David Wootton (In Our Time, Dec. 11, 2003)