Laurent Warlouzet
Professor of history at Paris Sorbonne University, former postdoctoral fellow at the EUI/Florence and at the LSE/London, I am an historian of European integration / the European Union (EU), and of European economic, social and environmental policies.
My research projects interprets the history of Europe as a contest between Market, Solidarity and Power. It is based on original archival materials gathered in 8 countries. My last book, entitled "Europe contre Europe. Entre liberté, solidarité et puissance" (CNRS éditions, 2022), explores this debate between 1945 to 2021. It was reviewed in Le Monde, Le Grand Continent, Radio France Internationale, etc; and received the Mayrisch prize.
My last book in English provides an in-depth coverage of the period between 1973 and 1986: is entitled: "Governing Europe in a Globalizing World. Neoliberalism and Its Alternatives following the 1973 Oil Crisis" (Routledge, 2018): see reviews below, notably in Foreign Affairs).
I am an evaluator for EU, German and French grants, as well as a peer-reviewer for several journals, some of which have already published my articles (JCMS/Journal of Common Market Studies, Contemporary European History, Business History, etc.) including "De Gaulle as a Father of Europe", "The EC/EU as a Compromis between Dirigism and Ordoliberalism" and "The Centralization of EU Competition Policy".
I have also published textbooks in French ("Histoire de la construction européenne depuis 1945", Repères, 2022), and in English ("Reinventing Europe", eds. with K. Seidel and Brigitte Leucht, Bloomsbury, 2023).
Address: Sorbonne Université
1 rue Victor Cousin
75005 Paris
France
My research projects interprets the history of Europe as a contest between Market, Solidarity and Power. It is based on original archival materials gathered in 8 countries. My last book, entitled "Europe contre Europe. Entre liberté, solidarité et puissance" (CNRS éditions, 2022), explores this debate between 1945 to 2021. It was reviewed in Le Monde, Le Grand Continent, Radio France Internationale, etc; and received the Mayrisch prize.
My last book in English provides an in-depth coverage of the period between 1973 and 1986: is entitled: "Governing Europe in a Globalizing World. Neoliberalism and Its Alternatives following the 1973 Oil Crisis" (Routledge, 2018): see reviews below, notably in Foreign Affairs).
I am an evaluator for EU, German and French grants, as well as a peer-reviewer for several journals, some of which have already published my articles (JCMS/Journal of Common Market Studies, Contemporary European History, Business History, etc.) including "De Gaulle as a Father of Europe", "The EC/EU as a Compromis between Dirigism and Ordoliberalism" and "The Centralization of EU Competition Policy".
I have also published textbooks in French ("Histoire de la construction européenne depuis 1945", Repères, 2022), and in English ("Reinventing Europe", eds. with K. Seidel and Brigitte Leucht, Bloomsbury, 2023).
Address: Sorbonne Université
1 rue Victor Cousin
75005 Paris
France
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Books by Laurent Warlouzet
À partir d’archives inédites, Laurent Warlouzet revisite l’histoire du continent au prisme de la lutte homérique entre ces trois visions depuis 1945 : l’Europe du marché, souvent dénoncée pour ses dérives ultralibérales, surtout depuis la tragédie grecque du début des années 2010 ; l’Europe solidaire, celle des législations sociales et de la promotion de l’égalité hommes-femmes, qui a conduit la majorité des syndicats britanniques à appeler à voter contre le Brexit ; l’Europe puissance, enfin, évanescente sur le plan militaire, mais s’exprimant dans les projets de politique industrielle communautaire ou dans la lutte contre les GAFAM, et voulant s’imposer face à ses concurrents, États-Unis, Russie ou Chine.
Cette nouvelle histoire de l’Europe, vivante, heurtée et mouvementée, nous montre que l’organisation de l’Union ne suit pas une logique mécanique et univoque. En exhumant des projets abandonnés mais sérieusement envisagés, elle propose aussi autant de futurs possibles dont les Européens pourraient se saisir.
The book examines how Western Europe adapted its economic and social policies to the shock of Globalization. It focuses on the period ranging from 1973 to 1986 while at the same time provides a broader interpretative framework of the relationship between Europe and globalization.
It compares the European Economic Community with other international institutions (ILO, OECD, etc.) in order to understand why did European leaders chose to pool sovereignty in certain areas but not in another.
Based on newly uncovered archival materials from archives of national, international and transnational actors scattered over across seven countries, it provides a fresh perspective on characters such as Thatcher, Delors, Schmdit or Kohl.
With a comprehensive bibliography and many figures.
2/ English
1/ Des craintes d’une Europe trop libérale exprimées par Pierre Mendès France, au soutien du général de Gaulle à une Europe modernisatrice mais non fédérale, le modèle économique et institutionnel de la CEE est âprement débattu depuis les débuts de sa négociation en 1955 jusqu’au départ du président français en 1969.
S’appuyant sur une approche novatrice – le croisement des sources françaises et européennes – cette étude montre un visage méconnu du général de Gaulle, celui d’un « père involontaire » de l’Europe. Sans son action, la CEE n’aurait pas pu se développer aussi rapidement.
De plus, l’étude de politiques publiques négligées comme la « programmation », une forme de planification européenne développée par le commissaire Robert Marjolin, les premières réflexions sur l’union monétaire, ou la naissance de la politique de la concurrence promue par les ordolibéraux allemands, montre que l’intégration économique européenne fait l’objet de vifs débats depuis l’origine. Les controverses actuelles sur l’Union économique et monétaire ou l’opposition entre politique de la concurrence et politique industrielle en sont ainsi éclairées.
« On comprend ainsi que Laurent Warlouzet ne s’est pas contenté d’exploiter des points de vue français. Il a aussi tenu compte de conceptions exprimées par nos partenaires. C’est pourquoi ce livre si important mériterait de faire école... » Michel Albert, membre de l’Institut.
2/ English
From the start of negotiations in 1955 through to de Gaulle’s resignation as French President in 1969, the EEC’s economic and institutional model was the focus of fierce debate ranging from Pierre Mendès France’s outspoken fears of an overly marketised Europe to General de Gaulle’s support for a modernising, but non-federal Europe.
This study takes an innovative comparative approach to French and European sources, revealing a hidden side of General de Gaulle as the “reluctant father” of Europe. Without his action, the EEC would not have been able to develop so quickly.
A study of forgotten public policies such as “programming”, a form of European planning developed by Commissioner Robert Marjolin, the first designs for European union and the birth of the competition policy promoted by the Ordoliberalist Germans shows that European economic integration has been hotly debated right from the outset. This sheds light on the current controversies over Economic and Monetary Union and the clash between competition policy and industrial policy.
“Laurent Warlouzet looks beyond purely French points of view to the perceptions of our partners. This seminal book should be required reading.” Michel Albert, member of the Institute.
Neoliberalism and its Alternatives following the 1973 Oil Crisis, London, Routledge, 2018:
-in English (in Foreign Affairs by Andrew Moravcsik and in the Economic History Review by Sigfrido M. Ramirez-Perez);
-in French (in La Vie des Idées by Mathieu Fulla, in Lectures by Pierre Alayrac);
-in German (in H-Soz-Kult by Christian Henrich- Franke).
2/ English
1/ Tout au long du XXe siècle, divers schémas d'Europe ont été imaginés ou mis en oeuvre. Ce recueil de 25 contributions de jeunes chercheurs issus de dix pays différents illustre cette diversité. Ils ont été réunis à l'occasion du premier colloque de l'association RICHIE (Réseau international de jeunes chercheurs en histoire de l'intégration européenne) qui s'est tenu à Paris en 2005.
À l'heure où la Constitution européenne et les frontières de l'Europe suscitent de profondes interrogations, cet ouvrage collectif contribue à une meilleure compréhension des contradictions de l'Europe actuelle. C'est un outil de travail indispensable pour tous ceux qui s'intéressent à l'état actuel de la recherche historique sur l'intégration européenne.
2/ Over the course of the 20th century, Europeans devised, and at times even implemented, various visions of Europe. This book, with contributions from 25 young researchers from 10 different countries, illustrates this diversity. They participated in the first RICHIE conference, held in Paris in 2005 (RICHIE: Réseau international de jeunes chercheurs en histoire de l'intégration européenne or International Network of Young Researchers in European Integration History).
At a time when the European constitution and Europe's borders are raising many questions, this book will help readers understand the origins of its current contradictions. It is a necessary tool for all those who want to know the present state of historical research on European Integration.
Papers (academic) by Laurent Warlouzet
Amid a blossoming field, three debates have emerged that clearly link European integration history to other fields: i.e., globalization, institutions and economics. The first two debates are especially useful to understand the specificity of European integration compared to other forms of international cooperation, while the third reinserts it into a broader evolution of economic models also visible at the national and international levels.
Abstract: The failure of the Free Trade Area (FTA), a British ‘Greater Europe’ free-market project, has often been contrasted with the European Economic Community (EEC)'s rapid success. However, this article claims that the EEC's success was neither logical nor automatic. The FTA project was not bound to failure, but could easily have become the principal institution for European co-operation. Moreover, the French leader, Charles de Gaulle, played such a prominent role in the EEC that he could be described as a new ‘Father of Europe’. Without the EEC, France would certainly have been forced to reach agreement on the FTA, but conversely, without de Gaulle, the EEC would probably have been diluted into a larger FTA.
À partir d’archives inédites, Laurent Warlouzet revisite l’histoire du continent au prisme de la lutte homérique entre ces trois visions depuis 1945 : l’Europe du marché, souvent dénoncée pour ses dérives ultralibérales, surtout depuis la tragédie grecque du début des années 2010 ; l’Europe solidaire, celle des législations sociales et de la promotion de l’égalité hommes-femmes, qui a conduit la majorité des syndicats britanniques à appeler à voter contre le Brexit ; l’Europe puissance, enfin, évanescente sur le plan militaire, mais s’exprimant dans les projets de politique industrielle communautaire ou dans la lutte contre les GAFAM, et voulant s’imposer face à ses concurrents, États-Unis, Russie ou Chine.
Cette nouvelle histoire de l’Europe, vivante, heurtée et mouvementée, nous montre que l’organisation de l’Union ne suit pas une logique mécanique et univoque. En exhumant des projets abandonnés mais sérieusement envisagés, elle propose aussi autant de futurs possibles dont les Européens pourraient se saisir.
The book examines how Western Europe adapted its economic and social policies to the shock of Globalization. It focuses on the period ranging from 1973 to 1986 while at the same time provides a broader interpretative framework of the relationship between Europe and globalization.
It compares the European Economic Community with other international institutions (ILO, OECD, etc.) in order to understand why did European leaders chose to pool sovereignty in certain areas but not in another.
Based on newly uncovered archival materials from archives of national, international and transnational actors scattered over across seven countries, it provides a fresh perspective on characters such as Thatcher, Delors, Schmdit or Kohl.
With a comprehensive bibliography and many figures.
2/ English
1/ Des craintes d’une Europe trop libérale exprimées par Pierre Mendès France, au soutien du général de Gaulle à une Europe modernisatrice mais non fédérale, le modèle économique et institutionnel de la CEE est âprement débattu depuis les débuts de sa négociation en 1955 jusqu’au départ du président français en 1969.
S’appuyant sur une approche novatrice – le croisement des sources françaises et européennes – cette étude montre un visage méconnu du général de Gaulle, celui d’un « père involontaire » de l’Europe. Sans son action, la CEE n’aurait pas pu se développer aussi rapidement.
De plus, l’étude de politiques publiques négligées comme la « programmation », une forme de planification européenne développée par le commissaire Robert Marjolin, les premières réflexions sur l’union monétaire, ou la naissance de la politique de la concurrence promue par les ordolibéraux allemands, montre que l’intégration économique européenne fait l’objet de vifs débats depuis l’origine. Les controverses actuelles sur l’Union économique et monétaire ou l’opposition entre politique de la concurrence et politique industrielle en sont ainsi éclairées.
« On comprend ainsi que Laurent Warlouzet ne s’est pas contenté d’exploiter des points de vue français. Il a aussi tenu compte de conceptions exprimées par nos partenaires. C’est pourquoi ce livre si important mériterait de faire école... » Michel Albert, membre de l’Institut.
2/ English
From the start of negotiations in 1955 through to de Gaulle’s resignation as French President in 1969, the EEC’s economic and institutional model was the focus of fierce debate ranging from Pierre Mendès France’s outspoken fears of an overly marketised Europe to General de Gaulle’s support for a modernising, but non-federal Europe.
This study takes an innovative comparative approach to French and European sources, revealing a hidden side of General de Gaulle as the “reluctant father” of Europe. Without his action, the EEC would not have been able to develop so quickly.
A study of forgotten public policies such as “programming”, a form of European planning developed by Commissioner Robert Marjolin, the first designs for European union and the birth of the competition policy promoted by the Ordoliberalist Germans shows that European economic integration has been hotly debated right from the outset. This sheds light on the current controversies over Economic and Monetary Union and the clash between competition policy and industrial policy.
“Laurent Warlouzet looks beyond purely French points of view to the perceptions of our partners. This seminal book should be required reading.” Michel Albert, member of the Institute.
Neoliberalism and its Alternatives following the 1973 Oil Crisis, London, Routledge, 2018:
-in English (in Foreign Affairs by Andrew Moravcsik and in the Economic History Review by Sigfrido M. Ramirez-Perez);
-in French (in La Vie des Idées by Mathieu Fulla, in Lectures by Pierre Alayrac);
-in German (in H-Soz-Kult by Christian Henrich- Franke).
2/ English
1/ Tout au long du XXe siècle, divers schémas d'Europe ont été imaginés ou mis en oeuvre. Ce recueil de 25 contributions de jeunes chercheurs issus de dix pays différents illustre cette diversité. Ils ont été réunis à l'occasion du premier colloque de l'association RICHIE (Réseau international de jeunes chercheurs en histoire de l'intégration européenne) qui s'est tenu à Paris en 2005.
À l'heure où la Constitution européenne et les frontières de l'Europe suscitent de profondes interrogations, cet ouvrage collectif contribue à une meilleure compréhension des contradictions de l'Europe actuelle. C'est un outil de travail indispensable pour tous ceux qui s'intéressent à l'état actuel de la recherche historique sur l'intégration européenne.
2/ Over the course of the 20th century, Europeans devised, and at times even implemented, various visions of Europe. This book, with contributions from 25 young researchers from 10 different countries, illustrates this diversity. They participated in the first RICHIE conference, held in Paris in 2005 (RICHIE: Réseau international de jeunes chercheurs en histoire de l'intégration européenne or International Network of Young Researchers in European Integration History).
At a time when the European constitution and Europe's borders are raising many questions, this book will help readers understand the origins of its current contradictions. It is a necessary tool for all those who want to know the present state of historical research on European Integration.
Amid a blossoming field, three debates have emerged that clearly link European integration history to other fields: i.e., globalization, institutions and economics. The first two debates are especially useful to understand the specificity of European integration compared to other forms of international cooperation, while the third reinserts it into a broader evolution of economic models also visible at the national and international levels.
Abstract: The failure of the Free Trade Area (FTA), a British ‘Greater Europe’ free-market project, has often been contrasted with the European Economic Community (EEC)'s rapid success. However, this article claims that the EEC's success was neither logical nor automatic. The FTA project was not bound to failure, but could easily have become the principal institution for European co-operation. Moreover, the French leader, Charles de Gaulle, played such a prominent role in the EEC that he could be described as a new ‘Father of Europe’. Without the EEC, France would certainly have been forced to reach agreement on the FTA, but conversely, without de Gaulle, the EEC would probably have been diluted into a larger FTA.
Antoine Acker, Laurent Warlouzet, Conversation with Debjani Bhattacharyya, Roberta Biasillo, Iris Borowy, Claudia Leal, Christof Mauch, Grégory Quenet
In Monde(s) 2022/1 (N° 21), pp. 21 à 46