Since the birth of modern society, the world has been divided into two parts, the west and the re... more Since the birth of modern society, the world has been divided into two parts, the west and the rest. For those declining great empires like Tsarist Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and the Safavid Dynasty which have always been faced with the choices between the East and the West, Asia and Europe, secularity and religion, learning from the West and adopting Westernization is a necessity. However, when the nation-states were established in the ruins of the empires, to explore the path of national development and search for the country's national position was still a difficult problem to solve. Take the Middle East countries as example, they were still unable to control their own destiny after one hundred years since the WWI. However, this situation has undergone tremendous changes in twentyfirst century, especially with the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, the influence of Western powers in the world has gradually weakened, and the strength of non-Western developing countries has continued to rise. This trend is "a major change unseen in centuries." Take the Eurasian continent as an example, the power vacuum left by the withdrawal of
Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s Justice and Development Party (jdp) has continuously won elections and con... more Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s Justice and Development Party (jdp) has continuously won elections and consolidated its power since 2002, while Turkish society has become increasingly conservative at the same time. The official implementation of the presidential system after June 2018 has triggered the world’s concerns and reflections about the future direction of Turkish society: a secular road, an Islamic road, or a new path of balance between religion and secularism. This necessitates an historical analysis of Turkey’s politico-religious relations. The role of Islam in Turkish society can be roughly divided into the following five stages: the suppression of Islam (1923–1950), the release of Islam (1950–), the re-politicization of Islam (1970–), the co-optation of Islam (1980–), and the new development of political Islam (2002–). During the jdp period, a fragile balance between secularism and Islamism had been achieved. But after the July 15th coup in 2016, the jdp adjusted its ideology fr...
Turkey’s attempted military coup on 15 July 2016 provided an opportunity for China and Turkey to ... more Turkey’s attempted military coup on 15 July 2016 provided an opportunity for China and Turkey to improve cooperative relations. After the military coup, Turkey experienced a severe internal political crisis. Structural contradiction with traditional Western allies forced Turkey to reconsider its allegiances and political positions. Several high-level Chinese delegations to Turkey played an important role in improving Turkey’s political stability, economic development and national security. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s re-election as president of Turkey, the strategic coordination between Turkey and China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey’s Middle Corridor project all accelerated and promoted China–Turkey relations. This is a golden opportunity for China and Turkey to build the strategic cooperation relations that began in 2010. If Turkey can accommodate the core interests of and establish political ties with China, further cooperation between the two countries will not only benefit bo...
Since the birth of modern society, the world has been divided into two parts, the west and the re... more Since the birth of modern society, the world has been divided into two parts, the west and the rest. For those declining great empires like Tsarist Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and the Safavid Dynasty which have always been faced with the choices between the East and the West, Asia and Europe, secularity and religion, learning from the West and adopting Westernization is a necessity. However, when the nation-states were established in the ruins of the empires, to explore the path of national development and search for the country's national position was still a difficult problem to solve. Take the Middle East countries as example, they were still unable to control their own destiny after one hundred years since the WWI. However, this situation has undergone tremendous changes in twentyfirst century, especially with the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, the influence of Western powers in the world has gradually weakened, and the strength of non-Western developing countries has continued to rise. This trend is "a major change unseen in centuries." Take the Eurasian continent as an example, the power vacuum left by the withdrawal of
He has published two books about Turkey and several papers in journals such as World Religious Cu... more He has published two books about Turkey and several papers in journals such as World Religious Culture West Asia and Africa Arab World Research and China Social Science Today. His main areas of research are political Islamic movements in Turkey, party politics in Turkey, Turkey's foreign policy, and China-Turkey relations.
Can the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provide a remedy to current problems in the Middle East? W... more Can the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provide a remedy to current problems in the Middle East? What are the driving forces, opportunities and challenges for China to play a constructive role in the Middle East? These are some of the questions that this article will attempt to answer. Domestic academia in China had extensively discussed the "westward strategy" before the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward. At that time, this strategy was conceived of as a hedge against the "Asia Pacific Rebalancing Strategy" of the United States. However, under the Belt and Road Initiative, China is also engaged in strengthening its interactions with Middle Eastern countries, which will be an important way to further strengthen China's Western front as an extension of China's opening up to the outside world, a further acceleration of Eurasian linkages, and an effort towards further strengthening globalization. The "Belt and Road Initiative" faced severe Western criticism. Yet in fact, this initiative is not modeled on the post-World War II Marshall Plan as a Chinese conspiracy. The initiative is not a geopolitical tool, but it is intended to serve as a practical cooperation platform. The Middle East is an important site on the strategic roadmap of the Belt and Road Initiative. Indeed, achieving regional stability is in line with China's overseas strategic interests. Without getting on the train, however, China will not learn how to drive. It is through participation in the practical process of addressing these problems that China can accumulate greater experience in managing international conflicts and improve its ability to deal with complicated international disputes.
Recep Tayyip Erdogan's Justice and Development Party (jdp) has continuously won elections and con... more Recep Tayyip Erdogan's Justice and Development Party (jdp) has continuously won elections and consolidated its power since 2002, while Turkish society has become increasingly conservative at the same time. The official implementation of the presidential system after June 2018 has triggered the world's concerns and reflections about the future direction of Turkish society: a secular road, an Islamic road, or a new path of balance between religion and secularism. This necessitates an historical analysis of Turkey's politico-religious relations. The role of Islam in Turkish society can be roughly divided into the following five stages: the suppression of Islam (1923-1950), the release of Islam (1950-), the re-politicization of Islam (1970-), the co-optation of Islam (1980-), and the new development of political Islam (2002-). During the jdp period, a fragile balance between secularism and Islamism had been achieved. But after the July 15th coup in 2016, the jdp adjusted its ideology from radical secularism to Islamic nationalism. The combination of Islamism and nationalism brings more challenges to the solidarity of Turkish society.
Since establishing the strategic cooperative relationship between China and Turkey in 2010, bilat... more Since establishing the strategic cooperative relationship between China and Turkey in 2010, bilateral relations have entered a new era with more political mutual trust, economic cooperation, and cultural exchanges compared with the previous 40 years. However, in contrast to frequent official contacts, ordinary people's views on each country have not kept pace with this new development. In the eyes of the Turks, the image of China is still linked to some negative events. Due to several historical reasons, China's understanding of Turkey remains at a superficial level. If Chinese and Turkish people become closer emotionally and understand each other more, then the two countries' images will significantly improve, and China-Turkish relations will inevitably strengthen.
Turkey's attempted military coup on 15 July 2016 provided an opportunity for China and Turkey to ... more Turkey's attempted military coup on 15 July 2016 provided an opportunity for China and Turkey to improve cooperative relations. After the military coup, Turkey experienced a severe internal political crisis. Structural contradiction with traditional Western allies forced Turkey to reconsider its allegiances and political positions. Several high-level Chinese delegations to Turkey played an important role in improving Turkey's political stability, economic development and national security. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's re-election as president of Turkey, the strategic coordination between Turkey and China's Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey's Middle Corridor project all accelerated and promoted China-Turkey relations. This is a golden opportunity for China and Turkey to build the strategic cooperation relations that began in 2010. If Turkey can accommodate the core interests of and establish political ties with China, further cooperation between the two countries will not only benefit both, but also have a great impact on regional stability and global governance.
The Turkish "National Outlook Movement", defined as a continuous Islamic Political Parties' movem... more The Turkish "National Outlook Movement", defined as a continuous Islamic Political Parties' movement since the 1970s was led by Turkish former Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan. Apart from factors of economy, society, psychology, culture and ideology, the rise of Islamic Political parties was due to the inclusion-coaptation strategy initiated by the state. As a 40 years' lasting movement, the development, climax, crisis and continuity of "National Outlook Movement" will be of great help in understanding the relationship between modernization and secularization, religion and democracy, as well as the complex reasons of religious revival.
Since the birth of modern society, the world has been divided into two parts, the west and the re... more Since the birth of modern society, the world has been divided into two parts, the west and the rest. For those declining great empires like Tsarist Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and the Safavid Dynasty which have always been faced with the choices between the East and the West, Asia and Europe, secularity and religion, learning from the West and adopting Westernization is a necessity. However, when the nation-states were established in the ruins of the empires, to explore the path of national development and search for the country's national position was still a difficult problem to solve. Take the Middle East countries as example, they were still unable to control their own destiny after one hundred years since the WWI. However, this situation has undergone tremendous changes in twentyfirst century, especially with the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, the influence of Western powers in the world has gradually weakened, and the strength of non-Western developing countries has continued to rise. This trend is "a major change unseen in centuries." Take the Eurasian continent as an example, the power vacuum left by the withdrawal of
Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s Justice and Development Party (jdp) has continuously won elections and con... more Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s Justice and Development Party (jdp) has continuously won elections and consolidated its power since 2002, while Turkish society has become increasingly conservative at the same time. The official implementation of the presidential system after June 2018 has triggered the world’s concerns and reflections about the future direction of Turkish society: a secular road, an Islamic road, or a new path of balance between religion and secularism. This necessitates an historical analysis of Turkey’s politico-religious relations. The role of Islam in Turkish society can be roughly divided into the following five stages: the suppression of Islam (1923–1950), the release of Islam (1950–), the re-politicization of Islam (1970–), the co-optation of Islam (1980–), and the new development of political Islam (2002–). During the jdp period, a fragile balance between secularism and Islamism had been achieved. But after the July 15th coup in 2016, the jdp adjusted its ideology fr...
Turkey’s attempted military coup on 15 July 2016 provided an opportunity for China and Turkey to ... more Turkey’s attempted military coup on 15 July 2016 provided an opportunity for China and Turkey to improve cooperative relations. After the military coup, Turkey experienced a severe internal political crisis. Structural contradiction with traditional Western allies forced Turkey to reconsider its allegiances and political positions. Several high-level Chinese delegations to Turkey played an important role in improving Turkey’s political stability, economic development and national security. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s re-election as president of Turkey, the strategic coordination between Turkey and China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey’s Middle Corridor project all accelerated and promoted China–Turkey relations. This is a golden opportunity for China and Turkey to build the strategic cooperation relations that began in 2010. If Turkey can accommodate the core interests of and establish political ties with China, further cooperation between the two countries will not only benefit bo...
Since the birth of modern society, the world has been divided into two parts, the west and the re... more Since the birth of modern society, the world has been divided into two parts, the west and the rest. For those declining great empires like Tsarist Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and the Safavid Dynasty which have always been faced with the choices between the East and the West, Asia and Europe, secularity and religion, learning from the West and adopting Westernization is a necessity. However, when the nation-states were established in the ruins of the empires, to explore the path of national development and search for the country's national position was still a difficult problem to solve. Take the Middle East countries as example, they were still unable to control their own destiny after one hundred years since the WWI. However, this situation has undergone tremendous changes in twentyfirst century, especially with the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, the influence of Western powers in the world has gradually weakened, and the strength of non-Western developing countries has continued to rise. This trend is "a major change unseen in centuries." Take the Eurasian continent as an example, the power vacuum left by the withdrawal of
He has published two books about Turkey and several papers in journals such as World Religious Cu... more He has published two books about Turkey and several papers in journals such as World Religious Culture West Asia and Africa Arab World Research and China Social Science Today. His main areas of research are political Islamic movements in Turkey, party politics in Turkey, Turkey's foreign policy, and China-Turkey relations.
Can the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provide a remedy to current problems in the Middle East? W... more Can the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provide a remedy to current problems in the Middle East? What are the driving forces, opportunities and challenges for China to play a constructive role in the Middle East? These are some of the questions that this article will attempt to answer. Domestic academia in China had extensively discussed the "westward strategy" before the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward. At that time, this strategy was conceived of as a hedge against the "Asia Pacific Rebalancing Strategy" of the United States. However, under the Belt and Road Initiative, China is also engaged in strengthening its interactions with Middle Eastern countries, which will be an important way to further strengthen China's Western front as an extension of China's opening up to the outside world, a further acceleration of Eurasian linkages, and an effort towards further strengthening globalization. The "Belt and Road Initiative" faced severe Western criticism. Yet in fact, this initiative is not modeled on the post-World War II Marshall Plan as a Chinese conspiracy. The initiative is not a geopolitical tool, but it is intended to serve as a practical cooperation platform. The Middle East is an important site on the strategic roadmap of the Belt and Road Initiative. Indeed, achieving regional stability is in line with China's overseas strategic interests. Without getting on the train, however, China will not learn how to drive. It is through participation in the practical process of addressing these problems that China can accumulate greater experience in managing international conflicts and improve its ability to deal with complicated international disputes.
Recep Tayyip Erdogan's Justice and Development Party (jdp) has continuously won elections and con... more Recep Tayyip Erdogan's Justice and Development Party (jdp) has continuously won elections and consolidated its power since 2002, while Turkish society has become increasingly conservative at the same time. The official implementation of the presidential system after June 2018 has triggered the world's concerns and reflections about the future direction of Turkish society: a secular road, an Islamic road, or a new path of balance between religion and secularism. This necessitates an historical analysis of Turkey's politico-religious relations. The role of Islam in Turkish society can be roughly divided into the following five stages: the suppression of Islam (1923-1950), the release of Islam (1950-), the re-politicization of Islam (1970-), the co-optation of Islam (1980-), and the new development of political Islam (2002-). During the jdp period, a fragile balance between secularism and Islamism had been achieved. But after the July 15th coup in 2016, the jdp adjusted its ideology from radical secularism to Islamic nationalism. The combination of Islamism and nationalism brings more challenges to the solidarity of Turkish society.
Since establishing the strategic cooperative relationship between China and Turkey in 2010, bilat... more Since establishing the strategic cooperative relationship between China and Turkey in 2010, bilateral relations have entered a new era with more political mutual trust, economic cooperation, and cultural exchanges compared with the previous 40 years. However, in contrast to frequent official contacts, ordinary people's views on each country have not kept pace with this new development. In the eyes of the Turks, the image of China is still linked to some negative events. Due to several historical reasons, China's understanding of Turkey remains at a superficial level. If Chinese and Turkish people become closer emotionally and understand each other more, then the two countries' images will significantly improve, and China-Turkish relations will inevitably strengthen.
Turkey's attempted military coup on 15 July 2016 provided an opportunity for China and Turkey to ... more Turkey's attempted military coup on 15 July 2016 provided an opportunity for China and Turkey to improve cooperative relations. After the military coup, Turkey experienced a severe internal political crisis. Structural contradiction with traditional Western allies forced Turkey to reconsider its allegiances and political positions. Several high-level Chinese delegations to Turkey played an important role in improving Turkey's political stability, economic development and national security. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's re-election as president of Turkey, the strategic coordination between Turkey and China's Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey's Middle Corridor project all accelerated and promoted China-Turkey relations. This is a golden opportunity for China and Turkey to build the strategic cooperation relations that began in 2010. If Turkey can accommodate the core interests of and establish political ties with China, further cooperation between the two countries will not only benefit both, but also have a great impact on regional stability and global governance.
The Turkish "National Outlook Movement", defined as a continuous Islamic Political Parties' movem... more The Turkish "National Outlook Movement", defined as a continuous Islamic Political Parties' movement since the 1970s was led by Turkish former Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan. Apart from factors of economy, society, psychology, culture and ideology, the rise of Islamic Political parties was due to the inclusion-coaptation strategy initiated by the state. As a 40 years' lasting movement, the development, climax, crisis and continuity of "National Outlook Movement" will be of great help in understanding the relationship between modernization and secularization, religion and democracy, as well as the complex reasons of religious revival.
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