policy solutions to sustainably end hunger and malnutrition and reduce poverty. The Institute con... more policy solutions to sustainably end hunger and malnutrition and reduce poverty. The Institute conducts research, communicates results, optimizes partnerships, and builds capacity to ensure sustainable food production, promote healthy food systems, improve markets and trade, transform agriculture, build resilience, and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is considered in all of the Institute’s work. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world, including development implementers, public institutions, the private sector, and farmers ’ organizations, to ensure that local, national, regional, and global food policies are based on evidence. IFPRI is a member of the CGIAR Consortium.
Though the rice sector has demonstrated rapid growth in Cambodia in the past decade, many studies... more Though the rice sector has demonstrated rapid growth in Cambodia in the past decade, many studies show that there are significant issues in production and post-harvest operations to do with the cost of production, rice quality, storage capacity, the structure and performance of the milling sector, and the management of cross-border trade with Thailand and
The authors would like to thank Mr Net Neath, Ms Sok Sethea and Ms Huon Chanthrea for their invol... more The authors would like to thank Mr Net Neath, Ms Sok Sethea and Ms Huon Chanthrea for their involvement in the first two years of this four-year research project, particularly research design, literature review, secondary data collection, initial national representative household survey data preparation and methodology selection. The authors thank Dr Edoka Ijeoma and Dr Tseng Fu-Min for their technical support. They are also grateful to Dr Chhem Rethy, CDRI executive director, Mr Larry Strange, former CDRI executive director, Dr Srinivasa Madhur, former CDRI director of research, and Mr Ung Sirn Lee, CDRI director of operations, for their support and encouragement. The financial support from the UK Department for International Development (DFID) is greatly appreciated.
The authors would like to thank Net Neath, Sok Sothea and Huon Chanthrea for their involvement in... more The authors would like to thank Net Neath, Sok Sothea and Huon Chanthrea for their involvement in the fi rst two years of the four-year research project, particularly research design, literature review on health fi nancing, secondary data collection, data preparation for the initial national representative household survey and methodology selection. Gratitude extends to Dr Ijeoma Edoka and Dr Fu-Min Tseng of Queen Margaret University, whose technical support was greatly appreciated.
Improving financial access to services is an essential part of extending universal health coverag... more Improving financial access to services is an essential part of extending universal health coverage in low resource settings. In Cambodia, high out of pocket spending and low levels of utilisation have impeded the expansion of coverage and improvement in health outcomes. For twenty years a series of health financing policies have focused on mitigating costs to increase access particularly by vulnerable groups. Demand side financing policies including health equity funds, vouchers and community health insurance have been complemented by supply side measures to improve service delivery incentives through contracting. Multiple rounds of the Cambodia SocioEconomic Survey are used to investigate the impact of financing policies on health service utilisation and out of pocket payments both over time using commune panel data from 1997 to 2011 and across groups using individual data from 2004 and 2009. Policy combinations including areas with multiple interventions were examined against controls using difference-indifference and panel estimation. Widespread roll-out of financing policies combined with user charge formalisation has led to a general reduction in health spending by the poor. Equity funds are associated with a reduction in out of pocket payments although the effect of donor schemes is larger than those financed by government. Vouchers, which are aimed only at reproductive health services, has a more modest impact that is enhanced when combined with other schemes. At the aggregate level changes are less pronounced although there is evidence that policies take a number of years to have substantial effect. Health financing policies and the supportive systems that they require provide a foundation for more radical extension of coverage already envisaged by a proposed social insurance system. A policy challenge is how disparate mechanisms can be integrated to ensure that vulnerable groups remain protected.
policy solutions to sustainably end hunger and malnutrition and reduce poverty. The Institute con... more policy solutions to sustainably end hunger and malnutrition and reduce poverty. The Institute conducts research, communicates results, optimizes partnerships, and builds capacity to ensure sustainable food production, promote healthy food systems, improve markets and trade, transform agriculture, build resilience, and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is considered in all of the Institute’s work. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world, including development implementers, public institutions, the private sector, and farmers ’ organizations, to ensure that local, national, regional, and global food policies are based on evidence. IFPRI is a member of the CGIAR Consortium.
Though the rice sector has demonstrated rapid growth in Cambodia in the past decade, many studies... more Though the rice sector has demonstrated rapid growth in Cambodia in the past decade, many studies show that there are significant issues in production and post-harvest operations to do with the cost of production, rice quality, storage capacity, the structure and performance of the milling sector, and the management of cross-border trade with Thailand and
The authors would like to thank Mr Net Neath, Ms Sok Sethea and Ms Huon Chanthrea for their invol... more The authors would like to thank Mr Net Neath, Ms Sok Sethea and Ms Huon Chanthrea for their involvement in the first two years of this four-year research project, particularly research design, literature review, secondary data collection, initial national representative household survey data preparation and methodology selection. The authors thank Dr Edoka Ijeoma and Dr Tseng Fu-Min for their technical support. They are also grateful to Dr Chhem Rethy, CDRI executive director, Mr Larry Strange, former CDRI executive director, Dr Srinivasa Madhur, former CDRI director of research, and Mr Ung Sirn Lee, CDRI director of operations, for their support and encouragement. The financial support from the UK Department for International Development (DFID) is greatly appreciated.
The authors would like to thank Net Neath, Sok Sothea and Huon Chanthrea for their involvement in... more The authors would like to thank Net Neath, Sok Sothea and Huon Chanthrea for their involvement in the fi rst two years of the four-year research project, particularly research design, literature review on health fi nancing, secondary data collection, data preparation for the initial national representative household survey and methodology selection. Gratitude extends to Dr Ijeoma Edoka and Dr Fu-Min Tseng of Queen Margaret University, whose technical support was greatly appreciated.
Improving financial access to services is an essential part of extending universal health coverag... more Improving financial access to services is an essential part of extending universal health coverage in low resource settings. In Cambodia, high out of pocket spending and low levels of utilisation have impeded the expansion of coverage and improvement in health outcomes. For twenty years a series of health financing policies have focused on mitigating costs to increase access particularly by vulnerable groups. Demand side financing policies including health equity funds, vouchers and community health insurance have been complemented by supply side measures to improve service delivery incentives through contracting. Multiple rounds of the Cambodia SocioEconomic Survey are used to investigate the impact of financing policies on health service utilisation and out of pocket payments both over time using commune panel data from 1997 to 2011 and across groups using individual data from 2004 and 2009. Policy combinations including areas with multiple interventions were examined against controls using difference-indifference and panel estimation. Widespread roll-out of financing policies combined with user charge formalisation has led to a general reduction in health spending by the poor. Equity funds are associated with a reduction in out of pocket payments although the effect of donor schemes is larger than those financed by government. Vouchers, which are aimed only at reproductive health services, has a more modest impact that is enhanced when combined with other schemes. At the aggregate level changes are less pronounced although there is evidence that policies take a number of years to have substantial effect. Health financing policies and the supportive systems that they require provide a foundation for more radical extension of coverage already envisaged by a proposed social insurance system. A policy challenge is how disparate mechanisms can be integrated to ensure that vulnerable groups remain protected.
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