Papers by Alistair W MacLean
Biological Psychology, 1973
The capacity of 10 normal subjects to adapt to repeated stress was studied by exploring their emo... more The capacity of 10 normal subjects to adapt to repeated stress was studied by exploring their emotional and psychophysiological responses on exposure, on four successive days, to stressful film shown on television via a videotape system. Contrary to the prediction that they would adapt on all measures, their skin conductance responses failed to do so. The possible reasons for this were discussed. It was concluded that the use of a videotape system to induce stress provides a flexible and effective means of further exploring the way normal populations cope with repeated stress.
Biological psychiatry, 1982
Unlike sleep stages, which are assessed by standardized criteria, an informal survey by us showed... more Unlike sleep stages, which are assessed by standardized criteria, an informal survey by us showed that the definition of REM latency is relatively idiosyncratic. Differences in definition arise for two reasons: Differences in the definition of sleep onset, and the inclusion or exclusion of wakefulness that may occur prior to the first REM period. Seven definitions are identified. Each was applied to 70 records taken from 14 depressed patients, 5 remitted depressives, and 5 normal subjects. In all three samples, REM latencies calculated on the basis of the different definitions differed significantly. Reasons for adopting a common definition are discussed. It is suggested that, if established, the reliability and validity (concurrent and predictive) of the available measures would provide an empirical basis for selection.
The Journal of rheumatology, 1996
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of bright light treatment on the symptoms of pain, mood, and... more OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of bright light treatment on the symptoms of pain, mood, and sleep in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) reporting seasonality of symptoms on the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). METHODS A randomized 10 week crossover study compared the effects of 4 weeks of "visible electromagnetic fields" (EMF) (light condition; mean 4750 lux, SD 2337 lux) to 4 weeks of "nonvisible EMF" (no light condition) in 14 patients with FM having a minimum SPAQ score of 11. The light visor system (Bio-Brite) was fitted with an opaque filter for the "nonvisible EMF" control condition. RESULTS No significant differences were found between treatment conditions on tenderness measured with dolorimetry, self-ratings of sleep, pain, mood, and global measures. Mood was not related to pain or sleep. There was significant reduction in depression scores and subjective pain, but increased tenderness and nocturnal awakenings related to time...
Biological psychiatry, 1982
ABSTRACT
Biological psychiatry, 1982
Psychophysiology, 1982
The effect of varying the time of sleep (2100-0500, 2400-0800, and 0300-1100 hrs) on the sleep, v... more The effect of varying the time of sleep (2100-0500, 2400-0800, and 0300-1100 hrs) on the sleep, vigilance, and self-rated activation of 9 normal subjects was assessed. REM% increased, and Stage 2% decreased, with progressively later bedtimes. An hour by hour analysis showed, however, that the increase in REM sleep was confined to the second 3 hrs of sleep. Vigilance and self-rated activation, assessed 30 min after waking, at midday and in the early evening, did not differ between conditions but varied reliably with time of day. It is concluded that shifts away from the conventional 2400-0800 sleep period do not impair performance. Rather, the changes in sleep (between conditions) and performance (within conditions) are, in the main, consistent with the known circadian rhythms of REM sleep propensity and performance efficiency.
Psychopharmacologia, 1971
... Oswald, I.: Effects on sleep of amphetamine and its derivatives. In: Amphetamine and related ... more ... Oswald, I.: Effects on sleep of amphetamine and its derivatives. In: Amphetamine and related compounds, pp. 865--871. E. Costa and S. Garattini, eds. New York: Raven Press 1970. Pettinger, WA, Korn, A., Spiegel, H., Solomon, It. M., Pocelinko, R., Abrams, WB: Debrisoquin, a ...
BMJ, 1973
Eight males were studied during 27 weeks, including two periods of five weeks during which they r... more Eight males were studied during 27 weeks, including two periods of five weeks during which they received clinical doses of sodium amylobarbitone and benzoctamine. Substitution of placebo for either drug caused raised anxiety and impairment of mental concentration. The drugs reduced restlessness during sleep and reduced paradoxical sleep. By the fifth week of sodium amylobarbitone, although sleep was still less restless in the early night it was more restless than normal in the late night. Blood samples were taken half-hourly during sleep by indwelling venous catheter. Plasma growth hormone concentration was little affected during drug administration but rose temporarily after withdrawal There was a reduction of plasma corticosteroid concentration during sleep throughout administration of the drugs and a rebound above normal during the first withdrawal week
The British Journal of …, 1972
The tricyclic antidepressants are established in therapy but not in mode of action. Effects on mo... more The tricyclic antidepressants are established in therapy but not in mode of action. Effects on mouse or rat brain of single and relatively enormous doses provide the basis for theories. Yet it may be inferred that the clinical use of tricyclic antidepressants relies upon an induction of brain changes on a time-scale of weeks. Studies of tricyclic drug actions upon human brain physiology are as scanty as are easily-measurable human brain functions. Electrophysiological techniques, however, can conveniently be applied during one principal brain-state, namely sleep, when there is a relative freedom from uncontrollable extraneous variables.
Research Insights for the Workplace, 2016
Canadian Journal of Psychology Revue Canadienne De Psychologie, 1970
Neuropsychopharmacology, Sep 1, 1990
The Journal of rheumatology, 1996
To investigate the effects of bright light treatment on the symptoms of pain, mood, and sleep in ... more To investigate the effects of bright light treatment on the symptoms of pain, mood, and sleep in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) reporting seasonality of symptoms on the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). A randomized 10 week crossover study compared the effects of 4 weeks of "visible electromagnetic fields" (EMF) (light condition; mean 4750 lux, SD 2337 lux) to 4 weeks of "nonvisible EMF" (no light condition) in 14 patients with FM having a minimum SPAQ score of 11. The light visor system (Bio-Brite) was fitted with an opaque filter for the "nonvisible EMF" control condition. No significant differences were found between treatment conditions on tenderness measured with dolorimetry, self-ratings of sleep, pain, mood, and global measures. Mood was not related to pain or sleep. There was significant reduction in depression scores and subjective pain, but increased tenderness and nocturnal awakenings related to time. The were no significant ...
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1986
The sleep of 10 bipolar patients was recorded for five consecutive nights following their recover... more The sleep of 10 bipolar patients was recorded for five consecutive nights following their recovery from a depressive episode. In all respects except the number of arousals, their sleep did not differ reliably from that of 10 sex and age-matched control subjects. We conclude that sleep measures are unlikely to be useful as trait markers of a depressive diathesis in bipolar disorder.
Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1988
The sleep of 4 groups (N = 8) of young healthy subjects was recorded during naps at either 09.00,... more The sleep of 4 groups (N = 8) of young healthy subjects was recorded during naps at either 09.00, 14.00, 19.00 or 24.00 h. For the first hour of sleep, conventionally scored slow wave sleep (SWS) and computed EEG power density (0-25 Hz) were found to increase exponentially as a function of prior wakefulness (range 3-18 h). The equations based on SWS and spectral analysis of the sleep EEG gave values for r' (the growth rate of the function) that were similar to each other (0.038 and 0.039, respectively) and to that reported by Daan et al. (1984; 0.055). These data are consistent with the proposal that process S, 1 of 2 processes believed to regulate sleep and wakefulness, increases exponentially during the waking day (Daan et al. 1984). In addition, they indicate that in this context SWS and spectral analysis provide measures of slow wave activity that are equally sensitive to changes in prior wakefulness.
Sleep, 1995
We hypothesized that sleep-related violent behavior associated with parasomnias occurs as the res... more We hypothesized that sleep-related violent behavior associated with parasomnias occurs as the result of a diathesis and is precipitated by stressors and mediated by disturbed nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep physiology. Sixty-four consecutive adult patients (mean age 30 years) who were investigated for sleepwalking or sleep terrors were categorized according to clinical history into three groups: serious violence during sleep to other people or to property or self (n = 26); harmful, but not destructive behavior (n = 12); and nonviolent behavior (n = 26). Log linear analysis showed that a diathesis (childhood parasomnia and/or family history of parasomnia) and a stressor (psychologic distress, substance abuse and sleep schedule disorder) predicted the presence of sleepwalking or night terror. Serious violent acts were more likely to occur with males (p < 0.004) who showed sleep schedule disorder (p < 0.03). Both harmful and serious violent sleep behavior occurred with drug ab...
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Papers by Alistair W MacLean