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Navnit Kumar

Rajendra Agricultural University,Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar (INDIA), Agronomy, Faculty Member

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Associate Professor-cum- Senior Scientist, Department of Agronomy, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, INDIA
Address: Associate Professor-cum- Senior Scientist, Department of Agronomy, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, INDIA

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Rajendra Agricultural University,Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar (INDIA)

SK Duttamajumder

Agricultural Research Communication Centre

Punjab Agricultural University

Gulzar Sanghera

Manish vishwakarma

Muhammad Talha Aslam

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Papers by Navnit Kumar

Planting Methods Enhanced the Cane Yield and Input Use Efficiency in Sugarcane- An Overview

International journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, Dec 11, 2023

Legal restrictions are imposed on the public sharing of raw data. However, authors have full righ... more Legal restrictions are imposed on the public sharing of raw data. However, authors have full right to transfer or share the data in raw form upon request subject to either meeting the conditions of the original consents and the original research study. Further, access of data needs to meet whether the user complies with the ethical and legal obligations as data controllers to allow for secondary use of the data outside of the original study.

Prospecting inexpensive media for mass production of microbial inoculants at farmers field

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2019

Utilization of beneficial and multifaceted microorganism can solve the problem of getting enhance... more Utilization of beneficial and multifaceted microorganism can solve the problem of getting enhanced yield without disturbing the ecosystem. Timely availability of quality microbial inoculants is one of the major concerns of the farming community. Thus, we aimed to design a media based on household wastes for mass culturing of beneficial microbes especially symbiotic nitrogen fixer Mesorhizobium spp. and multifaceted Bacillus spp. This work was initiated with the selection of suitable substrate from home waste along with carbon supplements source that can be available at village level. Standard media like Yeast extract mannitol for Mesorhizobium and Nutrient yeast salt medium for Bacillus was included as a reference media. Components of newly designed media include boiled rice water, pulse/ vegetables wash and different sources of carbon viz. table sugar, jaggery and glucose. Boiled rice water without any carbon supplementation did not support the growth of targeted microbes. Different concentration of boiled rice water along with dal/vegetables wash and sugar supported the growth of targeted microbes based on visual observation. Among carbon sources, glucose was observed to support maximum growth having optical density of 1.621 and cfu was 170x10 6. However, The best combination for getting maximum targeted biomass was 58% rice boil water, 10% pulse wash, 10% vegetable wash, 20% water, 2% glucose. The proposed media is highly cost effective and providing high yield of microbial biomass and its combination are available at village level. Designing of media will facilitate the farming community for the production of the microbial inoculants at their site as and when required.

Productivity, water use efficiency and soil properties of sugarcane as influenced by trash mulching and irrigation regimes under different planting systems in sandy loam soils

Frontiers in sustainable food systems, Feb 13, 2024

water use e ciency and soil properties of sugarcane as influenced by trash mulching and irrigatio... more

Soil test crop response based integrated nutrient management for enhancing agronomic performance of sugarcane with different planting materials

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 2024

The decline in performance of sugarcane either due to non-availability of suitable planting mater... more The decline in performance of sugarcane either due to non-availability of suitable planting material or negligence in nutrient management is increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years in Bihar, India to study the effect of different planting material and integrated nutrient management strategies on performance and yield of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design replicated thrice with four planting materials (single budded sett, double budded sett, three budded sett and tissue culture plantlets) and seven integrated nutrient management strategies [control, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), soil test-based RDF, RDF + 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4, soil test-based RDF+ 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4, RDF + 25% N through FYM + ZnSO4 and soil test-based RDF+ 25% N through FYM + ZnSO4]. Crop growth attributes viz. leaf area index, plant height, tillers, total chlorophyll content was found maximum with tissue culture plantlets followed by three budded setts while the minimum in single budded sett. During both the years of the study, three budded setts increased the cane yield by 33.9 and 34.5% over single budded sett respectively. Application of soil test-based RDF + 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4 significantly enhanced physio-agronomic performance and further, the sugar yield by 39.1, 13.3 and 38.7, 11.6 % as compared to RDF and soil test-based RDF in first and second year of the study respectively. Hence, it was concluded that three budded setts along with soil test-based RDF + 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4 of 25 kg/ha can increase overall growth and productivity of sugarcane.

Artificial Intelligence for Maximizing Agricultural Input Use Efficiency: Exploring Nutrient, Water and Weed Management Strategies

Phyton- International Journal of Experimental Botany, 2024

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy, and there is an increasing global emphasis on au... more Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy, and there is an increasing global emphasis on automating agricultural processes. With the tremendous increase in population, the demand for food and employment has also increased significantly. Agricultural methods traditionally used to meet these requirements are no longer adequate, requiring solutions to issues such as excessive herbicide use and the use of chemical fertilizers. Integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things, wireless communication, machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), and deep learning shows promise in addressing these challenges. However, there is a lack of comprehensive documentation on the application and potential of AI in improving agricultural input efficiency. To address this gap, a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct for relevant articles. Out of 327 initially identified articles, 180 were deemed pertinent, focusing primarily on AI's potential in enhancing yield through better management of nutrients, water, and weeds. Taking into account research findings worldwide, we found that AI technologies could assist farmers by providing recommendations on the optimal nutrients to enhance soil quality and determine the best time for irrigation or herbicide application. The present status of AI-driven automation in agriculture holds significant promise for optimizing agricultural input utilization and reducing resource waste, particularly in the context of three pillars of crop management, i.e., nutrient, irrigation, and weed management.

Sustainable fodder production in South Asia through silvopastoral systems

Current Science, 2024

Silvopasture is a farming practice involving the integration of tree and livestock grazing operat... more Silvopasture is a farming practice involving the integration of tree and livestock grazing operations on the same land. Intensive management of these systems enables them to generate short and long-term economic returns from forest products and forage. Silvopastoral systems have been considered to increase efficiency while reducing the environmental burden and extreme ranching/animal husbandry systems. Over the past few years, there has been a rapid accumulation of scientific evidence supporting the role of silvopasture in meeting the fundamental needs of not only humans but also the animal population in the era of climate change. In South Asian countries like India, the silvopastoral system can be a viable option to provide balanced food as well as shelter for the livestock. This review aims to provide a critical and systematic evaluation of the scientific literature about the effect of different silvopasture systems on the fodder production, environment and performance of livestock, especially in the context of South Asia. We conducted a search using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify the key literature on the theme. A total of 98 manuscripts underwent a four-step PRISMA appraisal process, resulting in the final selection. This process resulted in a final sample of 56 articles, which were used to explore the potential for long-term improvement in fodder quality through expanding the silvopastoral system. One of the key conclusions is that by improving the social acceptability of these silvopastoral systems and also addressing the challenges, their economic and environmental sustainability can be further enhanced.

PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES UNDER VARIOUS NITROGEN LEVELS IN TERMS OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF FODDER MAIZE

Forage Research , 2023

the Rabi season of 2022-23 to study the performance of different varieties under various nitrogen... more the Rabi season of 2022-23 to study the performance of different varieties under various nitrogen levels in terms of yield and quality of fodder maize. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with fifteen treatments in three replications. The treatments included three nitrogen levels (150, 180 and 210 kg ha-1) in mainplots and five varieties of maize (NK-7550, NK-7328, NK-7660, J-1006 and Shaktiman-5) in sub-plots. The observations from the experiment revealed that application of 210 kg N ha-1 resulted in the highest green fodder yield (85.0 t/ha), dry fodder yield (20.7 t/ha), which were comparable to those obtained with 180 kg N ha-1. J-1006 surpassed other varieties, producing the highest green fodder yield (89.8 t/ha) and dry fodder yield (21.1 t/ha). The use of 210 kg N ha-1 led to increased levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents and their uptake. Furthermore, the crude protein content (8.61%) and crude protein yield (1.79 t/ha) were also at their peak when 210 kg N ha-1 was applied, showing a significant improvement over the application of 150 and 180 kg N ha-1. J-1006 showed higher nitrogen content (1.35%), crude protein content (8.46%) and crude protein yield (1.80 t/ha), which was comparable with NK-7660 and Shaktiman-5. Therefore, J-1006 variety with application of 210 kg N ha-1 can be applied for getting maximum green fodder, dry matter and crude protein yield of Rabi forage maize.

Impact of different crop establishment techniques on growth and yield of drought tolerant rice varieties

As a staple food, rice (Oryza sativa L.

ASSESSMENT OF PLANT PRODUCT AND MICROBIAL FORMULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER (LEUCINODES ORBONALIS GUEN

Journal of Experimental Zoology, India , 2023

A field trial was conducted during 2017 and 2018 in kharif (rainy) season in farmers' participato... more A field trial was conducted during 2017 and 2018 in kharif (rainy) season in farmers' participatory mode at randomly selected fields of farmers of Begusarai district as an on-farm trial under the supervision of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khodawandpur, Begusarai, Bihar in order to assess the bio-efficacy of plant products viz., oxymatrine, NSKE @ 5% and microbial formulation spinosad against shoot and fruit borer of brinjal Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee. This trial was conducted as a multi-locational trial at six farmers' fields as replications. The results revealed that four sprays of spinosad (45 SC @ 225 g a.i./ha) at 15 days intervals commencing at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) and clipping of infested shoots and picking of infested fruits was found to be most effective against shoot and fruit borer of brinjal followed by oxymatrine (1.2 EC @ 0.2%). Minimum percent shoot damage by borer was recorded with spinosad (13.5 and 13.83%) followed by oxymatrine (19.20 and 16.24%) in both years, respectively. Minimum percent fruit damage by borer was also recorded with spinosad (16.56 and 7.73%) followed by oxymatrine (23.36 and 10.10%) in both years, respectively. Maximum percent reduction of shoot damage by borer over control (farmers' practice) was recorded with spinosad (50.53 and 44.94%) followed by oxymatrine (29.64 and 35.35%) in both years, respectively. Maximum percent reduction of fruit damage by borer over control (farmers' practice) was recorded with spinosad (46.45 and 70.89%) followed by oxymatrine (24.47 and 61.97%) in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Yield, net return and BC ratio were also high in spinosad-treated plots as compared to other treatments and farmers' practices.

Yield and Juice Quality in Sugarcane Influenced by Split Application of Nitrogen and Potassium under Subtropical Climates

Environment and Ecology , 2023

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a commercially important food and energy crop in tropical and subtr... more Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a commercially important food and energy crop in tropical and subtropical climates. Sugarcane productivity is largely dependent on nutrient management. Sugarcane responds well to split nitrogen and potassium applications. A field experiment carried out at Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur in spring season of 2020-21 revealed that application of N and K in 7 splits produced the maximum millable stalks (144.90 × 10 3 ha-1), length of internodes (9.31 cm) and cane : top ratio (3.86), accounting 23.9, 10.7 and 82.9% respectively while recommended practice of fertilizer application caused significant increase in stalk weight and cane diameter and it was to the tune of 4.72 and 4.01% respectively. However, number of tillers and dry matter accumulation was decreased by 24.7 and 15.1% in broadcasting method. Significantly higher cane yield and sugar yield was registered when the crop fertilized with nitrogen and potassium in 7 splits, accounting 18.99 and 21.64% more than the recommended practices respectively. While, cane and sugar yield increased by 1.46 and 17.5 % in band placement method of application respectively. Quality parameters did not significantly influenced by both method and split application except juice recovery.

Performance, nutrient uptake and economics of rainfed rice varieties under different crop establishment techniques

Annals of Agricultural Research , 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricult... more A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), during kharif 2017. The treatments consisted of three establishment methods (direct seeding of rice, puddled transplanting, unpuddled transplanting) and six varieties (Sahbhagi Dhan, Abhishek, Sabour Ardhjal, DRR-42, Swarna Shreya, and Rajendra Nilam). Results showed that maximum number of panicles (231.2/m 2), panicle length (28.1 cm), and number of grains per panicle (104.0) were achieved with puddled transplanting. Puddled transplanting showed 8.7% and 9.3% higher grain yields over unpuddled transplanting and direct seeding of rice, respectively. Sahbhagi Dhan recorded the highest number of panicles (230.5/m 2), panicle length (28.8 cm), and number of grains per panicle (104.5). Sahbhagi Dhan recorded significantly higher grain yield (41.5 q/ha) as compared to Abhishek (39.0 q/ha), DRR 42 (37.0 q/ha), and Rajendra Nilam (36.3 q/ha). Sabour Ardhjal, on the other hand, produced significantly higher straw yield (66.2 q/ha) than the others. Puddled transplanting registered significantly higher gross returns of `76170/ha with a B:C ratio of 1.22. Sahbhagi Dhan registered the highest net returns and B:C ratio, followed by Sabour Ardhjal. So, puddled transplantation of Sahbhagi Dhan proved beneficial for higher yield and profitability under rainfed conditions.

Physio-agronomic performance of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid complex) genotypes under various planting geometry

Bihar during spring season of 2017•18 to study the physiological parameters, yield and economics ... more Bihar during spring season of 2017•18 to study the physiological parameters, yield and economics of sugarcane genotypes under different planting geometry. The treatments comprised two planting geometries, viz. 90 and 120 cm row spacing with six genotypes, viz. CoLk 09204, CoLk 12209, CoP 12438, CoSe 12438, BO 91 and CoP 9301 in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. Planting with 90 cm row spacing recorded maximum number of tillers (179 900/ha) 11.26%, 11.71% higher leaf area index (LAI) and higher number of millable canes respectively, as compared to 120 cm row spacing. Moreover, row spacing of 90 cm produced highest cane yield (94.1 t/ha), net returns (`141600/ha) and B:C ratio (2.08) than 120 cm row spacing. Genotype BO 91 registered significantly higher germination (26.5%), number of tillers (208 100/ha), LAI (4.23) and millable canes (124 600/ha) than other genotypes. The quality parameters of juice did not undergo significant changes due to different spacing, but higher value of brix (20.3%) and pol (18.04%) of juice were recorded in the genotype CoP 9301. Whereas, CoLk 09204 gave 20.42, 40.57, 18.16, 14.36 and 48.60% higher cane yield over the genotypes CoLk 12209, CoP 12438, CoSe 12453, BO 91 and CoP 9301. Moreover, CoLk 09204 recorded highest sugar yield (12.8 t/ha), net returns (`180100/ha) and 14.35, 17.73% higher B:C ratio than BO 91 and CoSe 12453, respectively. Thus, sugarcane should be planted at 90 row spacing and genotype !CoLk 09204" may be adopted to enhance productivity and profitability of sugarcane.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Indian Agriculture

Pandemic on Indian Agriculture, 2022

In India, farmers are constantly fighting vagaries of monsoon and unpredictable rainfall, weather... more In India, farmers are constantly fighting vagaries of monsoon and unpredictable rainfall, weather extremes, interrupted supply chains and increasing inflation. Besides the pandemic, , locust infestation from East Africa to India had a disastrous effect on agriculture [1]. The pandemic has led to instability, export and import bans, loss of revenue and economic insecurity. The actions taken to attempt to reduce the transmission of the virus have interrupted enterprise processand routines which includesocial distancing and global lockdowns. Moreover, COVID-19 also affects the global economy and financial markets. Several reductions in income, unemployment, interference in transportation, services, manufacturing, etc., are the consequences of decreasing the economy [2]. Since farming is not immune from the complications currently being experienced by the global business market, some of the aspects COVID-19 affects the agricultural sector have been found [3]. Since the agricultural sector continues to be one of the bright spots amidst this pandemic, there is a need of prioritizing agricultural sector during this time to ensure speedy economic recovery of the country. COVID-19 COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new corona virus known as SARS-CoV-2. WHO first came to know about this new virus on 31st Dec 2019 in Wuhan, China. The Novel Corona virus has now been officiallynamed COVID-19 by the WHO on 12th Feb 2020. "co" stands for "corona", "vi" for "virus" and "d" for "disease", while "19" stands for the year when the outbreak was first recognized [4]. India reported its first case of the Corona virus on 30 th Jan 2020. Corona viruses transmit from animals to humans in some cases, which can then be transmitted from person to person. Like the influenza virus, the corona virus spreads through both direct as well as indirect contact. The best preventive remedy is to avoid being exposed to the virus. India prepared a vaccine named covaxin against COVID-19 to its population early in 2021. The Covid-shield and Sputnik V first vaccine also has been developed. The economic implications of COVID-19 pandemic have brought the agricultural sector into focus and heightened its responsibility to feed and employ thousands whohave lost livelihoods. At this time when all other sectors of the economy are reported to be under significant stress, the agricultural sector continues to be promising the economy [5]. Role of antioxidants Immunity plays dynamic role in prevention of etiopathological mechanism of the formation of diseases. Significant role of free radicals in initiating as well as enhancing immunity to minimize the diseases is major point of focus behind utilization of anti-oxidant and rejuvenation therapy. The development of new antivirals for COVID-19 is a great challenge and needs a substantial length of time and effort for designing and validation [6, 7].

Splitting dose influence the nutrient acquisition of Saccharum officinarum L. under calcareous soil conditions

The Pharma Innovation Journal , 2022

Results of the experiment conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute in early maturing variety Raj... more Results of the experiment conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute in early maturing variety Rajendra ganna-1 in year 2020-21 in split plot design having 2 factor in main plot (Broadcasting and Band Placement) and 4 sub-plot factor(RDN + RDK in five splits, six splits, 7 splits and RDF) replicated thrice. The results revealed that cane yield was increased by 17.3 % under the band placement over broadcasting. Uptake of N, P and K was significantly higher in band placement method of fertilizer application accounting 14.13, 36.06 and 17.14 % respectively. Similarly N, P and K uptake was significantly higher with seven splits of nitrogen and potassium to the tune of 25.9, 13.8 and 33.4 % respectively.

Effect of variety and irrigation regimes on growth attributes of sugarcane crop

Soil chemical properties as influenced by crop establishment and residue retention in rice- wheat cropping system of Indo-gangetic plains, 2022

A field experiment employing six elite sugarcane varieties, namely CoP 16437, CoP 112, BO 153, Co... more A field experiment employing six elite sugarcane varieties, namely CoP 16437, CoP 112, BO 153, CoP 2061, BO 154 and CoP 9437 along with two different irrigation regimes (IW: CPE ratio 1.0 and 0.3) was conducted during spring season of 2018-19 at Sugarcane Research Institute, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar to evaluate growth, yield and quality of sugarcane varieties as well as economics under drought condition. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications having twelve plots in each replication. In this paper, we discussed about only growth parameters. The data revealed that CoP 2061 performed well in terms of highest plant population (87.5× 10 3 /ha and 130.8× 10 3 /ha) at 60 and 90 DAP, plant height (130.0 cm and 196.0 cm) at 150 and 180 DAP, LAI (0.54, 1.81 and 2.99) at 50, 100 and 150 DAP, respectively. Application of irrigation regimes, IW: CPE ratio 1 showed significantly higher plant growth attributes compared to IW: CPE ratio 0.3 at all growth stages.

Soil chemical properties as influenced by crop establishment and residue retention in rice-wheat cropping system of indo-gangetic plains

Long-term field experiments are important for explaining tillage and residue effects on soil fert... more Long-term field experiments are important for explaining tillage and residue effects on soil fertility and to develop sustainable nutrient management strategies. An investigation was conducted at Research Farm, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa during kharif 2019 and rabi, 2019-2020. The experiment was planned as randomized block design and was replicated thrice having eight treatment combinations. Soil from the experimental field (0-15 cm depth) was sampled and laboratory analysis following the standard procedures of various chemical properties was conducted to study the combined effects of crop establishment and residue retention. The results showed a reduction in pH and EC by 6.88% and 57.5% in the plots where crop residue was retained on permanent beds with zero tillage over control. The available B, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contents were significantly influenced by application of CA practices after harvest of wheat. Thus, we can observe that conservation tillage practice with residue retention have a positive effect on the soil chemical properties and can certainly increase crop growth and yield.

Sustainable sugarcane farming under changing scenario of Bihar

Indian Sugar, 2021

In present scenario the Bihar Agriculture as a whole is undergoing several transformative changes... more In present scenario the Bihar Agriculture as a whole is undergoing several transformative changes. Growing population, changing lifestyles, expanding urbanization and accelerating climate changes are creating new challenges for Bihar agricultural research and development. Bihar is an agriculture dominating state and its economy mainly depends on agriculture. About 77% of the population primarily engaged in agriculture which contributes about 35% to the state domestic product. Sugarcane occupies an important position in agrarian economy of Bihar. The area under sugarcane during 2019-20 is soared up to 3.15 lakh hectares and during 2018-19 state produced 182.85 lakh tonnes of cane with an average productivity of 60.15 tonnes /hectare (Deptt. of Cane Development, Govt. of Bihar). During current season more than 8.40 lakh tonnes of sugar was produced by sugar mills of the state. The sugar production in Bihar likely to be increased to a record of 8.55 lakh tonnes during 2019-20 (Fig. 1) from 3.85 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11 (Bihar Govt. Statistics).

Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Soil

Advances in Agricultural Technology and Plant Sciences , 2021

Soil is the most important component of biosphere. Maintaining soil health and agricultural (crop... more Soil is the most important component of biosphere. Maintaining soil health and agricultural (crop) productivity is must in the present scenario. Excessive and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers, contaminated irrigation water increases the level of heavy metal in soil and crop. Heavy metal content in soil above the permissible limit causes serious effect on human health and environmental quality.

Characterization of Microbial Inoculants and its Different Formulation for Mass Production

Prospecting inexpensive media for mass production of microbial inoculants at farmers field

Utilization of beneficial and multifaceted microorganism can solve the problem of getting enhance... more Utilization of beneficial and multifaceted microorganism can solve the problem of getting enhanced yield without disturbing the ecosystem. Timely availability of quality microbial inoculants is one of the major concerns of the farming community. Thus, we aimed to design a media based on household wastes for mass culturing of beneficial microbes especially symbiotic nitrogen fixer Mesorhizobium spp. and multifaceted Bacillus spp. This work was initiated with the selection of suitable substrate from home waste along with carbon supplements source that can be available at village level. Standard media like Yeast extract mannitol for Mesorhizobium and Nutrient yeast salt medium for Bacillus was included as a reference media. Components of newly designed media include boiled rice water, pulse/ vegetables wash and different sources of carbon viz. table sugar, jaggery and glucose. Boiled rice water without any carbon supplementation did not support the growth of targeted microbes. Different concentration of boiled rice water along with dal/vegetables wash and sugar supported the growth of targeted microbes based on visual observation. Among carbon sources, glucose was observed to support maximum growth having optical density of 1.621 and cfu was 170x10 6. However, The best combination for getting maximum targeted biomass was 58% rice boil water, 10% pulse wash, 10% vegetable wash, 20% water, 2% glucose. The proposed media is highly cost effective and providing high yield of microbial biomass and its combination are available at village level. Designing of media will facilitate the farming community for the production of the microbial inoculants at their site as and when required.

Planting Methods Enhanced the Cane Yield and Input Use Efficiency in Sugarcane- An Overview

International journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, Dec 11, 2023

Legal restrictions are imposed on the public sharing of raw data. However, authors have full righ... more Legal restrictions are imposed on the public sharing of raw data. However, authors have full right to transfer or share the data in raw form upon request subject to either meeting the conditions of the original consents and the original research study. Further, access of data needs to meet whether the user complies with the ethical and legal obligations as data controllers to allow for secondary use of the data outside of the original study.

Prospecting inexpensive media for mass production of microbial inoculants at farmers field

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2019

Utilization of beneficial and multifaceted microorganism can solve the problem of getting enhance... more Utilization of beneficial and multifaceted microorganism can solve the problem of getting enhanced yield without disturbing the ecosystem. Timely availability of quality microbial inoculants is one of the major concerns of the farming community. Thus, we aimed to design a media based on household wastes for mass culturing of beneficial microbes especially symbiotic nitrogen fixer Mesorhizobium spp. and multifaceted Bacillus spp. This work was initiated with the selection of suitable substrate from home waste along with carbon supplements source that can be available at village level. Standard media like Yeast extract mannitol for Mesorhizobium and Nutrient yeast salt medium for Bacillus was included as a reference media. Components of newly designed media include boiled rice water, pulse/ vegetables wash and different sources of carbon viz. table sugar, jaggery and glucose. Boiled rice water without any carbon supplementation did not support the growth of targeted microbes. Different concentration of boiled rice water along with dal/vegetables wash and sugar supported the growth of targeted microbes based on visual observation. Among carbon sources, glucose was observed to support maximum growth having optical density of 1.621 and cfu was 170x10 6. However, The best combination for getting maximum targeted biomass was 58% rice boil water, 10% pulse wash, 10% vegetable wash, 20% water, 2% glucose. The proposed media is highly cost effective and providing high yield of microbial biomass and its combination are available at village level. Designing of media will facilitate the farming community for the production of the microbial inoculants at their site as and when required.

Productivity, water use efficiency and soil properties of sugarcane as influenced by trash mulching and irrigation regimes under different planting systems in sandy loam soils

Frontiers in sustainable food systems, Feb 13, 2024

water use e ciency and soil properties of sugarcane as influenced by trash mulching and irrigatio... more

Soil test crop response based integrated nutrient management for enhancing agronomic performance of sugarcane with different planting materials

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 2024

The decline in performance of sugarcane either due to non-availability of suitable planting mater... more The decline in performance of sugarcane either due to non-availability of suitable planting material or negligence in nutrient management is increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years in Bihar, India to study the effect of different planting material and integrated nutrient management strategies on performance and yield of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design replicated thrice with four planting materials (single budded sett, double budded sett, three budded sett and tissue culture plantlets) and seven integrated nutrient management strategies [control, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), soil test-based RDF, RDF + 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4, soil test-based RDF+ 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4, RDF + 25% N through FYM + ZnSO4 and soil test-based RDF+ 25% N through FYM + ZnSO4]. Crop growth attributes viz. leaf area index, plant height, tillers, total chlorophyll content was found maximum with tissue culture plantlets followed by three budded setts while the minimum in single budded sett. During both the years of the study, three budded setts increased the cane yield by 33.9 and 34.5% over single budded sett respectively. Application of soil test-based RDF + 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4 significantly enhanced physio-agronomic performance and further, the sugar yield by 39.1, 13.3 and 38.7, 11.6 % as compared to RDF and soil test-based RDF in first and second year of the study respectively. Hence, it was concluded that three budded setts along with soil test-based RDF + 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4 of 25 kg/ha can increase overall growth and productivity of sugarcane.

Artificial Intelligence for Maximizing Agricultural Input Use Efficiency: Exploring Nutrient, Water and Weed Management Strategies

Phyton- International Journal of Experimental Botany, 2024

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy, and there is an increasing global emphasis on au... more Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy, and there is an increasing global emphasis on automating agricultural processes. With the tremendous increase in population, the demand for food and employment has also increased significantly. Agricultural methods traditionally used to meet these requirements are no longer adequate, requiring solutions to issues such as excessive herbicide use and the use of chemical fertilizers. Integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things, wireless communication, machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), and deep learning shows promise in addressing these challenges. However, there is a lack of comprehensive documentation on the application and potential of AI in improving agricultural input efficiency. To address this gap, a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct for relevant articles. Out of 327 initially identified articles, 180 were deemed pertinent, focusing primarily on AI's potential in enhancing yield through better management of nutrients, water, and weeds. Taking into account research findings worldwide, we found that AI technologies could assist farmers by providing recommendations on the optimal nutrients to enhance soil quality and determine the best time for irrigation or herbicide application. The present status of AI-driven automation in agriculture holds significant promise for optimizing agricultural input utilization and reducing resource waste, particularly in the context of three pillars of crop management, i.e., nutrient, irrigation, and weed management.

Sustainable fodder production in South Asia through silvopastoral systems

Current Science, 2024

Silvopasture is a farming practice involving the integration of tree and livestock grazing operat... more Silvopasture is a farming practice involving the integration of tree and livestock grazing operations on the same land. Intensive management of these systems enables them to generate short and long-term economic returns from forest products and forage. Silvopastoral systems have been considered to increase efficiency while reducing the environmental burden and extreme ranching/animal husbandry systems. Over the past few years, there has been a rapid accumulation of scientific evidence supporting the role of silvopasture in meeting the fundamental needs of not only humans but also the animal population in the era of climate change. In South Asian countries like India, the silvopastoral system can be a viable option to provide balanced food as well as shelter for the livestock. This review aims to provide a critical and systematic evaluation of the scientific literature about the effect of different silvopasture systems on the fodder production, environment and performance of livestock, especially in the context of South Asia. We conducted a search using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify the key literature on the theme. A total of 98 manuscripts underwent a four-step PRISMA appraisal process, resulting in the final selection. This process resulted in a final sample of 56 articles, which were used to explore the potential for long-term improvement in fodder quality through expanding the silvopastoral system. One of the key conclusions is that by improving the social acceptability of these silvopastoral systems and also addressing the challenges, their economic and environmental sustainability can be further enhanced.

PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES UNDER VARIOUS NITROGEN LEVELS IN TERMS OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF FODDER MAIZE

Forage Research , 2023

the Rabi season of 2022-23 to study the performance of different varieties under various nitrogen... more the Rabi season of 2022-23 to study the performance of different varieties under various nitrogen levels in terms of yield and quality of fodder maize. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with fifteen treatments in three replications. The treatments included three nitrogen levels (150, 180 and 210 kg ha-1) in mainplots and five varieties of maize (NK-7550, NK-7328, NK-7660, J-1006 and Shaktiman-5) in sub-plots. The observations from the experiment revealed that application of 210 kg N ha-1 resulted in the highest green fodder yield (85.0 t/ha), dry fodder yield (20.7 t/ha), which were comparable to those obtained with 180 kg N ha-1. J-1006 surpassed other varieties, producing the highest green fodder yield (89.8 t/ha) and dry fodder yield (21.1 t/ha). The use of 210 kg N ha-1 led to increased levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents and their uptake. Furthermore, the crude protein content (8.61%) and crude protein yield (1.79 t/ha) were also at their peak when 210 kg N ha-1 was applied, showing a significant improvement over the application of 150 and 180 kg N ha-1. J-1006 showed higher nitrogen content (1.35%), crude protein content (8.46%) and crude protein yield (1.80 t/ha), which was comparable with NK-7660 and Shaktiman-5. Therefore, J-1006 variety with application of 210 kg N ha-1 can be applied for getting maximum green fodder, dry matter and crude protein yield of Rabi forage maize.

Impact of different crop establishment techniques on growth and yield of drought tolerant rice varieties

As a staple food, rice (Oryza sativa L.

ASSESSMENT OF PLANT PRODUCT AND MICROBIAL FORMULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER (LEUCINODES ORBONALIS GUEN

Journal of Experimental Zoology, India , 2023

A field trial was conducted during 2017 and 2018 in kharif (rainy) season in farmers' participato... more A field trial was conducted during 2017 and 2018 in kharif (rainy) season in farmers' participatory mode at randomly selected fields of farmers of Begusarai district as an on-farm trial under the supervision of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khodawandpur, Begusarai, Bihar in order to assess the bio-efficacy of plant products viz., oxymatrine, NSKE @ 5% and microbial formulation spinosad against shoot and fruit borer of brinjal Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee. This trial was conducted as a multi-locational trial at six farmers' fields as replications. The results revealed that four sprays of spinosad (45 SC @ 225 g a.i./ha) at 15 days intervals commencing at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) and clipping of infested shoots and picking of infested fruits was found to be most effective against shoot and fruit borer of brinjal followed by oxymatrine (1.2 EC @ 0.2%). Minimum percent shoot damage by borer was recorded with spinosad (13.5 and 13.83%) followed by oxymatrine (19.20 and 16.24%) in both years, respectively. Minimum percent fruit damage by borer was also recorded with spinosad (16.56 and 7.73%) followed by oxymatrine (23.36 and 10.10%) in both years, respectively. Maximum percent reduction of shoot damage by borer over control (farmers' practice) was recorded with spinosad (50.53 and 44.94%) followed by oxymatrine (29.64 and 35.35%) in both years, respectively. Maximum percent reduction of fruit damage by borer over control (farmers' practice) was recorded with spinosad (46.45 and 70.89%) followed by oxymatrine (24.47 and 61.97%) in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Yield, net return and BC ratio were also high in spinosad-treated plots as compared to other treatments and farmers' practices.

Yield and Juice Quality in Sugarcane Influenced by Split Application of Nitrogen and Potassium under Subtropical Climates

Environment and Ecology , 2023

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a commercially important food and energy crop in tropical and subtr... more Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a commercially important food and energy crop in tropical and subtropical climates. Sugarcane productivity is largely dependent on nutrient management. Sugarcane responds well to split nitrogen and potassium applications. A field experiment carried out at Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur in spring season of 2020-21 revealed that application of N and K in 7 splits produced the maximum millable stalks (144.90 × 10 3 ha-1), length of internodes (9.31 cm) and cane : top ratio (3.86), accounting 23.9, 10.7 and 82.9% respectively while recommended practice of fertilizer application caused significant increase in stalk weight and cane diameter and it was to the tune of 4.72 and 4.01% respectively. However, number of tillers and dry matter accumulation was decreased by 24.7 and 15.1% in broadcasting method. Significantly higher cane yield and sugar yield was registered when the crop fertilized with nitrogen and potassium in 7 splits, accounting 18.99 and 21.64% more than the recommended practices respectively. While, cane and sugar yield increased by 1.46 and 17.5 % in band placement method of application respectively. Quality parameters did not significantly influenced by both method and split application except juice recovery.

Performance, nutrient uptake and economics of rainfed rice varieties under different crop establishment techniques

Annals of Agricultural Research , 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricult... more A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), during kharif 2017. The treatments consisted of three establishment methods (direct seeding of rice, puddled transplanting, unpuddled transplanting) and six varieties (Sahbhagi Dhan, Abhishek, Sabour Ardhjal, DRR-42, Swarna Shreya, and Rajendra Nilam). Results showed that maximum number of panicles (231.2/m 2), panicle length (28.1 cm), and number of grains per panicle (104.0) were achieved with puddled transplanting. Puddled transplanting showed 8.7% and 9.3% higher grain yields over unpuddled transplanting and direct seeding of rice, respectively. Sahbhagi Dhan recorded the highest number of panicles (230.5/m 2), panicle length (28.8 cm), and number of grains per panicle (104.5). Sahbhagi Dhan recorded significantly higher grain yield (41.5 q/ha) as compared to Abhishek (39.0 q/ha), DRR 42 (37.0 q/ha), and Rajendra Nilam (36.3 q/ha). Sabour Ardhjal, on the other hand, produced significantly higher straw yield (66.2 q/ha) than the others. Puddled transplanting registered significantly higher gross returns of `76170/ha with a B:C ratio of 1.22. Sahbhagi Dhan registered the highest net returns and B:C ratio, followed by Sabour Ardhjal. So, puddled transplantation of Sahbhagi Dhan proved beneficial for higher yield and profitability under rainfed conditions.

Physio-agronomic performance of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid complex) genotypes under various planting geometry

Bihar during spring season of 2017•18 to study the physiological parameters, yield and economics ... more Bihar during spring season of 2017•18 to study the physiological parameters, yield and economics of sugarcane genotypes under different planting geometry. The treatments comprised two planting geometries, viz. 90 and 120 cm row spacing with six genotypes, viz. CoLk 09204, CoLk 12209, CoP 12438, CoSe 12438, BO 91 and CoP 9301 in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. Planting with 90 cm row spacing recorded maximum number of tillers (179 900/ha) 11.26%, 11.71% higher leaf area index (LAI) and higher number of millable canes respectively, as compared to 120 cm row spacing. Moreover, row spacing of 90 cm produced highest cane yield (94.1 t/ha), net returns (`141600/ha) and B:C ratio (2.08) than 120 cm row spacing. Genotype BO 91 registered significantly higher germination (26.5%), number of tillers (208 100/ha), LAI (4.23) and millable canes (124 600/ha) than other genotypes. The quality parameters of juice did not undergo significant changes due to different spacing, but higher value of brix (20.3%) and pol (18.04%) of juice were recorded in the genotype CoP 9301. Whereas, CoLk 09204 gave 20.42, 40.57, 18.16, 14.36 and 48.60% higher cane yield over the genotypes CoLk 12209, CoP 12438, CoSe 12453, BO 91 and CoP 9301. Moreover, CoLk 09204 recorded highest sugar yield (12.8 t/ha), net returns (`180100/ha) and 14.35, 17.73% higher B:C ratio than BO 91 and CoSe 12453, respectively. Thus, sugarcane should be planted at 90 row spacing and genotype !CoLk 09204" may be adopted to enhance productivity and profitability of sugarcane.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Indian Agriculture

Pandemic on Indian Agriculture, 2022

In India, farmers are constantly fighting vagaries of monsoon and unpredictable rainfall, weather... more In India, farmers are constantly fighting vagaries of monsoon and unpredictable rainfall, weather extremes, interrupted supply chains and increasing inflation. Besides the pandemic, , locust infestation from East Africa to India had a disastrous effect on agriculture [1]. The pandemic has led to instability, export and import bans, loss of revenue and economic insecurity. The actions taken to attempt to reduce the transmission of the virus have interrupted enterprise processand routines which includesocial distancing and global lockdowns. Moreover, COVID-19 also affects the global economy and financial markets. Several reductions in income, unemployment, interference in transportation, services, manufacturing, etc., are the consequences of decreasing the economy [2]. Since farming is not immune from the complications currently being experienced by the global business market, some of the aspects COVID-19 affects the agricultural sector have been found [3]. Since the agricultural sector continues to be one of the bright spots amidst this pandemic, there is a need of prioritizing agricultural sector during this time to ensure speedy economic recovery of the country. COVID-19 COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new corona virus known as SARS-CoV-2. WHO first came to know about this new virus on 31st Dec 2019 in Wuhan, China. The Novel Corona virus has now been officiallynamed COVID-19 by the WHO on 12th Feb 2020. "co" stands for "corona", "vi" for "virus" and "d" for "disease", while "19" stands for the year when the outbreak was first recognized [4]. India reported its first case of the Corona virus on 30 th Jan 2020. Corona viruses transmit from animals to humans in some cases, which can then be transmitted from person to person. Like the influenza virus, the corona virus spreads through both direct as well as indirect contact. The best preventive remedy is to avoid being exposed to the virus. India prepared a vaccine named covaxin against COVID-19 to its population early in 2021. The Covid-shield and Sputnik V first vaccine also has been developed. The economic implications of COVID-19 pandemic have brought the agricultural sector into focus and heightened its responsibility to feed and employ thousands whohave lost livelihoods. At this time when all other sectors of the economy are reported to be under significant stress, the agricultural sector continues to be promising the economy [5]. Role of antioxidants Immunity plays dynamic role in prevention of etiopathological mechanism of the formation of diseases. Significant role of free radicals in initiating as well as enhancing immunity to minimize the diseases is major point of focus behind utilization of anti-oxidant and rejuvenation therapy. The development of new antivirals for COVID-19 is a great challenge and needs a substantial length of time and effort for designing and validation [6, 7].

Splitting dose influence the nutrient acquisition of Saccharum officinarum L. under calcareous soil conditions

The Pharma Innovation Journal , 2022

Results of the experiment conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute in early maturing variety Raj... more Results of the experiment conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute in early maturing variety Rajendra ganna-1 in year 2020-21 in split plot design having 2 factor in main plot (Broadcasting and Band Placement) and 4 sub-plot factor(RDN + RDK in five splits, six splits, 7 splits and RDF) replicated thrice. The results revealed that cane yield was increased by 17.3 % under the band placement over broadcasting. Uptake of N, P and K was significantly higher in band placement method of fertilizer application accounting 14.13, 36.06 and 17.14 % respectively. Similarly N, P and K uptake was significantly higher with seven splits of nitrogen and potassium to the tune of 25.9, 13.8 and 33.4 % respectively.

Effect of variety and irrigation regimes on growth attributes of sugarcane crop

Soil chemical properties as influenced by crop establishment and residue retention in rice- wheat cropping system of Indo-gangetic plains, 2022

A field experiment employing six elite sugarcane varieties, namely CoP 16437, CoP 112, BO 153, Co... more A field experiment employing six elite sugarcane varieties, namely CoP 16437, CoP 112, BO 153, CoP 2061, BO 154 and CoP 9437 along with two different irrigation regimes (IW: CPE ratio 1.0 and 0.3) was conducted during spring season of 2018-19 at Sugarcane Research Institute, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar to evaluate growth, yield and quality of sugarcane varieties as well as economics under drought condition. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications having twelve plots in each replication. In this paper, we discussed about only growth parameters. The data revealed that CoP 2061 performed well in terms of highest plant population (87.5× 10 3 /ha and 130.8× 10 3 /ha) at 60 and 90 DAP, plant height (130.0 cm and 196.0 cm) at 150 and 180 DAP, LAI (0.54, 1.81 and 2.99) at 50, 100 and 150 DAP, respectively. Application of irrigation regimes, IW: CPE ratio 1 showed significantly higher plant growth attributes compared to IW: CPE ratio 0.3 at all growth stages.

Soil chemical properties as influenced by crop establishment and residue retention in rice-wheat cropping system of indo-gangetic plains

Long-term field experiments are important for explaining tillage and residue effects on soil fert... more Long-term field experiments are important for explaining tillage and residue effects on soil fertility and to develop sustainable nutrient management strategies. An investigation was conducted at Research Farm, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa during kharif 2019 and rabi, 2019-2020. The experiment was planned as randomized block design and was replicated thrice having eight treatment combinations. Soil from the experimental field (0-15 cm depth) was sampled and laboratory analysis following the standard procedures of various chemical properties was conducted to study the combined effects of crop establishment and residue retention. The results showed a reduction in pH and EC by 6.88% and 57.5% in the plots where crop residue was retained on permanent beds with zero tillage over control. The available B, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contents were significantly influenced by application of CA practices after harvest of wheat. Thus, we can observe that conservation tillage practice with residue retention have a positive effect on the soil chemical properties and can certainly increase crop growth and yield.

Sustainable sugarcane farming under changing scenario of Bihar

Indian Sugar, 2021

In present scenario the Bihar Agriculture as a whole is undergoing several transformative changes... more In present scenario the Bihar Agriculture as a whole is undergoing several transformative changes. Growing population, changing lifestyles, expanding urbanization and accelerating climate changes are creating new challenges for Bihar agricultural research and development. Bihar is an agriculture dominating state and its economy mainly depends on agriculture. About 77% of the population primarily engaged in agriculture which contributes about 35% to the state domestic product. Sugarcane occupies an important position in agrarian economy of Bihar. The area under sugarcane during 2019-20 is soared up to 3.15 lakh hectares and during 2018-19 state produced 182.85 lakh tonnes of cane with an average productivity of 60.15 tonnes /hectare (Deptt. of Cane Development, Govt. of Bihar). During current season more than 8.40 lakh tonnes of sugar was produced by sugar mills of the state. The sugar production in Bihar likely to be increased to a record of 8.55 lakh tonnes during 2019-20 (Fig. 1) from 3.85 lakh tonnes in the year 2010-11 (Bihar Govt. Statistics).

Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Soil

Advances in Agricultural Technology and Plant Sciences , 2021

Soil is the most important component of biosphere. Maintaining soil health and agricultural (crop... more Soil is the most important component of biosphere. Maintaining soil health and agricultural (crop) productivity is must in the present scenario. Excessive and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers, contaminated irrigation water increases the level of heavy metal in soil and crop. Heavy metal content in soil above the permissible limit causes serious effect on human health and environmental quality.

Characterization of Microbial Inoculants and its Different Formulation for Mass Production

Prospecting inexpensive media for mass production of microbial inoculants at farmers field

Utilization of beneficial and multifaceted microorganism can solve the problem of getting enhance... more Utilization of beneficial and multifaceted microorganism can solve the problem of getting enhanced yield without disturbing the ecosystem. Timely availability of quality microbial inoculants is one of the major concerns of the farming community. Thus, we aimed to design a media based on household wastes for mass culturing of beneficial microbes especially symbiotic nitrogen fixer Mesorhizobium spp. and multifaceted Bacillus spp. This work was initiated with the selection of suitable substrate from home waste along with carbon supplements source that can be available at village level. Standard media like Yeast extract mannitol for Mesorhizobium and Nutrient yeast salt medium for Bacillus was included as a reference media. Components of newly designed media include boiled rice water, pulse/ vegetables wash and different sources of carbon viz. table sugar, jaggery and glucose. Boiled rice water without any carbon supplementation did not support the growth of targeted microbes. Different concentration of boiled rice water along with dal/vegetables wash and sugar supported the growth of targeted microbes based on visual observation. Among carbon sources, glucose was observed to support maximum growth having optical density of 1.621 and cfu was 170x10 6. However, The best combination for getting maximum targeted biomass was 58% rice boil water, 10% pulse wash, 10% vegetable wash, 20% water, 2% glucose. The proposed media is highly cost effective and providing high yield of microbial biomass and its combination are available at village level. Designing of media will facilitate the farming community for the production of the microbial inoculants at their site as and when required.