Evolucao Cronologica Do Conhecimento Neuroanatomico

Fazer download em pdf ou txt
Fazer download em pdf ou txt
Você está na página 1de 6

Rev Bras Neurol.

52(2):17-22, 2016

Evolução cronológica do conhecimento


neuroanatômico
Chronological evolution of neuroanatomical knowledge
Sergio Murilo Georgeto1, Munir Antonio Gariba2, Karen Parron3, Alekcey Glayzer Gavioli Colione4, Luiz Roberto Aguiar5

RESUMO ABSTRACT
'HVGHDDQWLJXLGDGHRSHQVDPHQWRFLHQW¯ȴFRHYROXLXHPIDVHVHHVWH 6LQFHDQFLHQWWLPHVWKHVFLHQWLȴFWKLQNLQJHYROYHGLQVWDJHVDQGWKLV
artigo faz uma análise histórica sucinta sobre o avanço do conheci- article is a brief historical analysis of the progress of the neuroana-
mento neuroanatômico. Assim, foi feita uma análise temporal que WRPLFDObNQRZOHGJH&RQVHTXHQWO\DWHPSRUDODQDO\VLVQRWRQO\SUR-
não somente permite uma descrição dessa evolução, bem como es- vides a description of this evolution, as explained by the manner and
clarece o modo e a profundidade com que as estruturas foram sendo depth with which the structures were being understood. The descrip-
compreendidas. A descrição das descobertas neuroanatômicas sub- WLRQ RI WKH QHXURDQDWRPLFDO ȴQGLQJV VXEGLYLGHG LQWR IRXU GLVWLQFW
dividida em quatro fases temporais distintas permitiu compreender temporal phases allowed to understand the evolution of neurological
a evolução do pensamento neurológico e as correlações existentes thought and the correlations between the reports.
entre os relatos.
Keywords: Anatomy; Brain; History.
Palavras-chave: Anatomia; Cérebro; História.

Mestre em Tecnologia em Saúde. Docente do Departamento de Neurocirurgia da Santa Casa de Londrina. Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
1

Doutor em Engenharia Biomédica. Docente do Departamento de Engenharia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
2

Doutora em Farmacologia. Docente do Departamento de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
3

Mestre em Ciências da Saúde. Presidente da Colione Informática Ltda. Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
4

Doutor em Medicina. Docente do Departamento de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
5

Endereço para correspondência: Sérgio Murilo Georgeto, Avenida Bandeirantes, nº 476, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. CEP: 86020-620 E-mail: georgetosm@gmail.
com

Revista Brasileira de Neurologia » Volume 52 » Nº 2 » Abr/Mai/Jun 2016 17


Georgeto SM et al.

INTRODUÇÃO (OHIRLRSULPHLURDXWLOL]DURWHUPRQHXURDQDWRPLDHVHXV
$HYROXomRGRFRQKHFLPHQWRQHXURDQDW{PLFRIRL SHQVDPHQWRVWLYHUDPSURIXQGDLQÀXrQFLDSULQFLSDOPHQWH
JUDGXDODRORQJRGDKLVWyULD,QLFLDOPHQWHDVHVWUXWXUDVIR- SDUD RV JUHJRV 4XDQGR R LVODPLVPR XQL¿FRX R LPSpULR
UDPGHVFULWDVGRSRQWRGHYLVWDWRSRJUi¿FRVHQGRTXHRV HSDVVRXDFRQGHQDUDGLVVHFomRHPDQLPDLVHSHVVRDVD
UHODWRVFRPFRUUHODo}HVIXQFLRQDLVVyIRUDPSRVVtYHLVFRP SURGXomRFXOWXUDOHQWURXHPFRODSVR2
R DGYHQWR GH XPD QRYD PHQWDOLGDGH LPSXOVLRQDGD SHORV 2V¿OyVRIRVSUpVRFUiWLFRVOLYUHVGHSUHVV}HVUHOL-
SHQVDPHQWRV UHQDVFHQWLVWDV (VWUXWXUDV WRSRJUi¿FDV SRQ- JLRVDVGHUDPFRQWLQXLGDGHDRVWUDEDOKRVFLHQWt¿FRVSULQ-
WXDLVIRUDPUHODFLRQDGDVjH[HFXomRGHIXQo}HVFRUWLFDLV FLSDOPHQWHQRSHUtRGRGHD$&'HQWUHHOHVVH
&RP R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD PHGLFLQD R SHQVD- GHVWDFD$OFPDHRQRSULPHLURDUHODFLRQDURFpUHEURFRP
PHQWR WRSRJUi¿FR IXQFLRQDO QmR FRQVHJXLD H[SOLFDU DV VHQVDo}HVHFRJQLomR5HDOL]DYDGLVVHFo}HVHPFDGiYHUHV
LQ~PHUDV PDQLIHVWDo}HV FOtQLFDV HQFRQWUDGDV QD SUiWLFD UHFRQKHFHQGRRFpUHEURFRPRRyUJmRGRVHQWLGRHVXDFR-
GLiULD VHQGR QHFHVViULD XPD PXGDQoD GH SDUDGLJPD$V QH[mRFRPRVQHUYRVHLQWURGX]LXQRo}HVGHFHIDORPHWULD
FRUUHODo}HVSDVVDUDPDVHUIHLWDVHQWUHUHJL}HVFHUHEUDLVH 'DHVFRODGDLOKDGH&RVQD*UpFLDRPDLVLOXV-
DVSRVVtYHLVIXQo}HVGHVHPSHQKDGDVSRUHVVDViUHDV WUH SHUVRQDJHP p +LSyFUDWHV FRQKHFLGR FRPR R ³3DL GD
&RPRSDVVDUGRVDQRVHVVHPRGHORVHWRUQRXLQ- 0HGLFLQD´ 6XD SULQFLSDO KHUDQoD IRL D GHVPLVWL¿FDomR
VX¿FLHQWH SDUD H[SOLFDU DV GLVIXQo}HV QHXURSVLTXLiWULFDV GRVIDWRUHVTXHOHYDPDVGRHQoDVUHWLUDQGRDVGRFDPSR
$ QHXURSVLFRORJLD SDVVRX D XWLOL]DU GH PRGHORV FRPSRU- VREUHQDWXUDO H WUD]HQGR XPD H[SOLFDomR UHDO EDVHDGD QD
WDPHQWDLV SDUD H[SOLFDU DV VXDV GRHQoDV &RQWXGR HVVHV REVHUYDomRFOtQLFD6XDWHRULDGRVTXDWURKXPRUHVRVDQ-
PRGHORV FDUHFLDP GH XPD FRQ¿UPDomR QHXURDQDW{PLFD JXHDELOHDPDUHODDELOHQHJUDHDÀHJPDLQÀXHQFLRXR
TXHVRPHQWHIRLSRVVtYHOFRPRVXUJLPHQWRGRVPRGHUQRV SHQVDPHQWRPpGLFRSRUVpFXORV
H[DPHVGHQHXURLPDJHP $ULVWyWHOHVIRLRXWUDJUDQGHSHUVRQDOLGDGHQDHV-
$ HYROXomR GRV IDWRV GHVFULWRV DQWHULRUPHQWH IRL FRODJUHJD6HXPpWRGRFRQVLVWLDGDDQDWRPLDFRPSDUDWL-
GLYLGLGD QDV FLQFR HWDSDV TXH VH VHJXHP SDUD IDFLOLWDU R YD6XDrQIDVHHUDDIXQomRFRPSDUDQGRRVHQVRGHVLJ-
VHXHQWHQGLPHQWRHVXDVFRUUHODo}HV QL¿FDGRIXQFLRQDOUHODFLRQDGRjHVWUXWXUDIRUPDHIXQomR
MXQWDV3RUHVVHHVWLORGHHVWXGRHOHpFRQVLGHUDGRR3DLGD
FASE DESCRITIVA $QDWRPLDFRPSDUDWLYD3
(VVDIDVHVHFDUDFWHUL]DSHORUHODWRGDVHVWUXWXUDV $HVFRODGH$OH[DQGULDIRLR~OWLPRUHGXWRDFRQ-
TXHFRPS}HPRFpUHEURVHPDSUHRFXSDomRGHVHUHODFLR- FLOLDUDSUiWLFDGDDQDWRPLDKXPDQDFRPRGHVHQYROYLPHQ-
QDUHPGHPDQHLUDHIHWLYDFRPXPDIXQomRFRUWLFDOHVSH- WR GH QRYDV WpFQLFDV FLU~UJLFDV WHQGR FRPR UHIHUrQFLD R
Ft¿FD$V GHVFULo}HV HUDP REVHUYDFLRQDOFRPSDUDWLYDV H WUDEDOKRGHVHQYROYLGRSRUVHXPDLVLOXVWUHUHSUHVHQWDQWH
SURIHULUDPVRPHQWHGHGXo}HVGRJPiWLFDVVREUHDDWLYLGD- +HUy¿OR GD &DOFHG{QLD  $&  &RP D H[SDQ-
GHFHUHEUDO VmRGR,PSpULR5RPDQRHDFRQVDJUDomRGR&ULVWLDQLVPR
2SULPHLURUHODWRFRPFRQRWDomRGHXPWUDWDGR FRPRUHOLJLmRR¿FLDOGRLPSpULR $&H'& D
FLU~UJLFRIRLHQFRQWUDGRHPXPSDSLURHJtSFLRWUDQVFULWR SUiWLFDGHGLVVHFomRKXPDQDIRLVHWRUQDQGRFDGDYH]PDLV
Ki DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHKi $&   SURYDYHOPHQWHXP GLItFLOYLQGRDUHVVXUJLUVRPHQWHQRUHQDVFLPHQWR
4

FRPSLODGRGHQRWDVUHIHUHQWHVDGLDJQyVWLFRVHWUDWDPHQWRV
XVDGRVSHORVXPRVDFHUGRWH,PKRWHSTXHWHULDYLYLGRKi FASE TOPOGRÁFICA FUNCIONAL
$&2WUDGXWRUGHVVHVSDSLURVIRL(GZLQ6PLWKXP ,PSRUWDQWHVPXGDQoDVRFRUUHUDPQR SHUtRGR FR-
DPHULFDQR QDVFLGR HP &RQQHFWLFXW QR DQR GH  (OH QKHFLGRFRPR5HQDVFLPHQWRHDMXGDUDPQRHQWHQGLPHQWR
WUDEDOKRXFRPRWUDGXWRUGHDQWLJRVGRFXPHQWRVHJtSFLRV GRDPELHQWHTXHSURSLFLRXRVXUJLPHQWRGRVSHQVDPHQWRV
SRUDQRVWHQGRDRSRUWXQLGDGHGHWUDGX]LUHVVHLPSRU- WRSRJUi¿FRVIXQFLRQDLV(QWUHRXWUDVWHPVHRDGYHQWRGD
WDQWHGRFXPHQWR1 LPSUHQVDSRU*XWHPEHUJHRÀRUHVFLPHQWRGHQRYDVFLrQ-
1RLPSpULR3HUVDGDWDGRVpFXOR9,$&HGXUDQ- FLDVRTXHSRVVLELOLWRXXPHQWUHODoDPHQWRGHVWHVFRQFHL-
WH R VHX DSRJHX HUD SHUPLWLGD D GLVVHFomR GH FDGiYHUHV WRVHXPDSURSDJDomRGHLQIRUPDo}HVSHOD(XURSDFRPR
RTXHSRVVLELOLWRXTXHHVWXGRVDQDW{PLFRVSURVSHUDVVHP QXQFDYLVWR'XUDQWHRVDQRVSRVWHULRUHVDRUHQDVFL-
2 JUDQGHH[SRHQWHGDpSRFDIRL5KD]HVDXWRUGHXPOL- PHQWR JUDQGHV DOWHUDo}HV VXUJLUDP QR FDPSR GD DQDWR-
YURGHDQDWRPLDPXLWRXVDGRFRPRUHIHUrQFLDSRUVpFXORV PLDID]HQGRFRPTXHHODVHHVWDEHOHFHVVHGH¿QLWLYDPHQWH

18 Revista Brasileira de Neurologia » Volume 52 » Nº 2 » Abr/Mai/Jun 2016


Conhecimento neuroanatômico

FRPRXPDFLrQFLDPpGLFD5 IXQGDPHQWDOSDUDFRPSUHHQGHUFRPRRVGRLVVLVWHPDVDU-
$SDUWLUGDUHLQWURGXomRGDGLVVHFomRKXPDQDHP WHULDLVVHVREUHS}HPQDLUULJDomRGRFpUHEUREHPFRPRDV
%RORQKD SHOR FLUXUJLmR H DQDWRPLVWD 0RQGLQR GH /X]]L PDQLIHVWDo}HVFOtQLFDVGLYHUVDVTXHHUDPRULJLQDGDVSHORV
 '&  DV YHOKDV GRXWULQDV GH ORFDOL]DomR GD Gp¿FLWVGHLUULJDomRRTXHSHUPLWLXDGHVFULomRGHYiULDV
DWLYLGDGHPRWRUDHVHQVRULDOQD³UHWHPLUDELOH´TXHD¿U- VtQGURPHVFOtQLFDVFRUUHODFLRQDVjDQDWRPLDYDVFXODU10
PDYDPVHUDORFDOL]DomRGHSURFHVVRVPHQWDLVHVWDYDQDV (PRPpGLFRHDQDWRPLVWD)UDQFLVFXV6\O-
FDYLGDGHVYHQWULFXODUHVHDVXDYDULDQWHFKDPDGDGHGRX- YLXV   GHVFUHYHX XPD PDUFD SURIXQGD QD VX-
WULQDGDFpOXODLGHDOL]DGDSRUDXWRULGDGHVHFOHVLiVWLFDVGR SHUItFLHODWHUDOGRFpUHEURTXHLQLFLDYDSUy[LPRGDyUELWD
LQtFLR GR FULVWLDQLVPR FRPHoDUDP D VHU GHVPRURQDGDV HVHFXUYDQGRSRVWHULRUHVXSHULRUPHQWHGLULJLDWmRGLVWDO
TXDQGR HOH LQFRUSRURX R HVWXGR VLVWHPiWLFR GD DQDWRPLD TXDQWRjRULJHPGRWURQFRHQFHIiOLFRGLYLGLQGRRFpUHEUR
SHODGLVVHFomRFDGDYpULFDUHDYLYDQGRRLPSRUWDQWHOHJDGR HPXPDSRUomRVXSHULRUHXPDLQIHULRUTXHIRLGHQRPL-
GHL[DGRSHODHVFRODGHHVFRODGH$OH[DQGULD6HXWUDEDOKR QDGD¿VVXUDODWHUDO(PVXDKRPHQDJHPpQRPHDGDWDP-
QmRWHYHIRFRQDGLVVHFomRFUDQLDQDHQHPTXHVWLRQRXRV EpPGH¿VVXUDGH6\OYLXV11
SUHFHLWRVWUDGLFLRQDLVGDWHRULDYHQWULFXODUFRQWXGR, pro- $IDVHGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVPLQXFLRVDVGDHVWUXWX-
GX]LXXPWUDWDGRGHDQDWRPLDTXHIRLUHIHUrQFLDSHORV UDFHUHEUDOpVXEVWLWXtGDSRUWpFQLFDVTXHYLVDPGHVYHQGDU
DQRVVHJXLQWHV6 RVHXIXQFLRQDPHQWR6HXLQtFLRIRLPDUFDGRSHODVLGHLDV
$VPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVPXGDQoDVQRVFRQFHLWRVHQD RULJLQDLVGH)pOL[9LFTG¶$]\U  TXHIH]DGHV-
GLGiWLFDGDDQDWRPLDVHGHYHPD$QGUHDV9HVDOLXV  FULomRGDQHXURDQDWRPLDGDIDFHPHGLDOGRFpUHEUR6XDV
 5HFRQKHFLGRFRPRPDLRUDQDWRPLVWDGDUHQDVFHQ- GHVFULo}HV HUDP DFRPSDQKDGDV GH FRUUHODo}HV DQDWRPR-
oDIRLSURIHVVRUQD8QLYHUVLGDGHGH3iGXDHPRQGH IXQFLRQDLVHHYROXFLRQiULDVHVWDEHOHFHQGRXPDFRQH[mR
OHFLRQDYD DQDWRPLD H FLUXUJLD 6HXV PpWRGRV Mi VH PRV- HQWUHRVFRQKHFLPHQWRVXVDGRVQDDQDWRPLD DFLrQFLDGD
WUDUDPLQRYDGRUHVGHVGHRLQtFLRSRLVDGLVVHomRHUDIHLWD PRUWH FRPD¿VLRORJLD DFLrQFLDGDYLGD 12
QRFHQWURGHXPWHDWURHH[HFXWDGDSHORSUySULR9HVDOLXV &RQWUDGL]HQGR DV WHRULDV KROtVWLFDV GRV VpFXORV
GLVSHQVDQGRRXVRGHFLUXUJL}HVEDUEHLURV¿FDQGRDSOD- ;9,,D;,;VREUHRIXQFLRQDPHQWRFHUHEUDO/XLJL5RODQ-
WHLD DR VHX UHGRU GLVWULEXtGD HP GLYHUVRV DQGDUHV 2XWUR GR  DFUHGLWDYDTXHRVLVWHPDQHUYRVRSRGHULD
DVSHFWRLQpGLWRIRLDH[WHQVDLQFOXVmRGHLOXVWUDo}HVGDQ- WHUiUHDVGLVWLQWDVGRSRQWRGHYLVWDIXQFLRQDOHDQDW{PLFR
GRXPDQRYDFRPSUHHQVmRDRVWH[WRVDQDW{PLFRV7(OHGH- (OH FRQVWDWRX TXH DSHVDU GD YDULDELOLGDGH KDYLD VHPSUH
PRVWURXDWUDYpVGHXPFRUWHWUDQVYHUVDOQRQtYHOGRViWULRV GRLVJLURVGLVSRVWRVWUDQVYHUVDOPHQWHj¿VVXUDGH6\OYLXV
YHQWULFXODUHV TXH R VLVWHPD YHQWULFXODU HP KXPDQRV WHP VHQGRXPQDUHJLmRIURQWDOHRRXWURQDSDULHWDO(QWHHOHV
PRUIRORJLDPXLWRVHPHOKDQWHDRGHDOJXQVDQLPDLV&RP H[LVWLDPXPVXOFRWDPEpPFRQVWDQWHTXHUHFHEHXRQRPH
HVVDFRQVWDWDomR9HVDOLXVDUJXPHQWRXTXHQmRSRGHULDVHU GH ¿VVXUD GH 5RODQGR HP VXD KRPHQDJHP 6HXV FRQFHL-
QHJDGDDSUHVHQoDGDDOPDQRVDQLPDLVMiTXHHVVHVDSUH- WRVFRQWUDGLVVHUDPDLGHLDKROtVWLFDDEULUDPFDPLQKRSDUD
VHQWDYDP RV PHVPRV UHTXLVLWRV DQDW{PLFRV TXH RV VHUHV XPDQRYDWHRULDGHRUJDQL]DomRIXQFLRQDOGRFpUHEURGDQ-
KXPDQRV(VVHIDWRIRLGHFLVLYRSDUDRDEDQGRQRGDWHRULD GRFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVWRSRJUi¿FDVSDUDDVIXQo}HVFHUHEUDLV13
YHQWULFXODU8 )UDQ] -RVHSK *DOO   SURS{V QR LQtFLR
&RVWDQ]R9DUROLR  FRQVHJXLXDFRP- GR VpFXOR ;,; TXH R FRPSRUWDPHQWR KXPDQR SRGHULD
SOHWDH[WHULRUL]DomRGRFpUHEURID]HQGRXPFRUWHSDUDOHOR HVWDU FRUUHODFLRQDGR FRP FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV IDFLDLV H[WHUQDV
DRQtYHOGDEDVHGRFUkQLRVHSDUDQGRRHQFpIDORGDFDL[D 1XPDIDVHLQLFLDOGRVHXWUDEDOKRHOHVHXQLXDRDQDWRPLV-
FUDQLDQD&RPHVVHPpWRGRDVHVWUXWXUDVHQFREHUWDVSHOR WD-RKDQQ*DVSDUG6SXU]KHLP  HSXEOLFDUDP
PDQWRFRUWLFDOSXGHUDPVHUGHVFULWDVHQWUHHODVDOLJDomR XPDVpULHGHDUWLJRVVREUHDQDWRPLDIXQFLRQDOHSVLFRORJLD
GR FpUHEUR FRP D PHGXOD TXH IRL GHVLJQDGD GH SRQWH H 3RUGLVFRUGDUGH*DOOTXDQWRjQHFHVVLGDGHGHXPPDLRU
SRVWHULRUPHQWHGHQRPLQDGDSRQWHGH9DUROLR9 ULJRUFLHQWt¿FRSDUDFRQWLQXDUVXDVD¿UPDo}HV6SXU]KHLP
7KRPDV:LOOLV   XWLOL]DQGR D WpFQLFD VH VHSDURX H IXQGRX D IUHQRORJLD$V D¿UPDo}HV GH VXDV
DFLPDGHVFULWDIH]XPHVWXGRGHWDOKDGRGDFLUFXODomRGD WHRULDVSDVVDUDPDVRIUHUFUtWLFDVGDFRPXQLGDGHFLHQWt¿FD
EDVH GR HQFpIDOR HP TXH GHPRQVWUDYD KDYHU XPD FRQH- DFXVDGDVGHFDUHFHUHPGHIXQGDPHQWDomR$SHVDUGRVDWD-
[mRHQWUHDFLUFXODomRFDURWtGHDHYHUWHEUDOSRVWHULRUPHQ- TXHVDVLGHLDVGH*DOOVREUHYLYHPDWpRVH[SHULPHQWRVGR
WHGHQRPLQDGDSROtJRQRGH:LOOLV(VVHFRQKHFLPHQWRIRL QHXURORJLVWDIUDQFrV-HDQ%DSWLVWH%RXLOODXG  

Revista Brasileira de Neurologia » Volume 52 » Nº 2 » Abr/Mai/Jun 2016 19


Georgeto SM et al.

TXHDFUHGLWDYDLQGXELWDYHOPHQWHQDWHRULDGDORFDOL]DomR FLRGRSHQVDPHQWRKRGROyJLFRTXHSURFXUDYDGH¿QLUHP
SULQFLSDOPHQWHQRTXHVHUHIHULDjIDOD14 FDGDiUHDDVFRQH[}HVHVWDEHOHFLGDVSHODV¿EUDVEUDQFDV
&RXEHD3DXO%URFD  DQDWRPLVWDDQ- 2 VHJXQGR GHVWDTXH p SDUD R FDVDO 2VNDU   H
WURSRORJLVWDHFLUXUJLmRGHPRQVWUDUHPMXQWRD6R- &HFLOH9RJW   TXH SURFXUDUDP HVWXGDU DV YD-
FLHGDGH GH$QWURSRORJLD )UDQFHVD TXH DV LGHLDV GH -HDQ ULDo}HV FRUWLFDLV PLHORDUTXLWHW{QLFDV GDV  iUHDV GH¿QL-
%DSWLVWH%RXLOODXGHVWDYDPFRUUHWDV(OHDSUHVHQWRXRFDVR GDV SRU %URGPDQQ UHVXOWDQGR QXPD VXEGLYLVmR GH PDLV
GR SDFLHQWH 0RQVLHXU /HERUJQH GHQRPLQDGR SRU %URFD GHiUHDV(VVHLPHQVRWUDEDOKRLQIHOL]PHQWHQXQFDIRL
GH 0RQVLHXU 7DQ  TXH KDYLD VRIULGR XP WUDXPD IURQWDO FRQFOXtGR17
HVTXHUGRHDSUHVHQWDYDP~OWLSORVSUREOHPDVQHXUROyJLFRV &RQVWDQWLQ YRQ (FRQRPR   H *HRUJ
UHODFLRQDGRVjH[SUHVVmRGDIDOD6XDDXWySVLDUHYHORXDO- .RVNLQDV   ¿]HUDP SRVWHULRUPHQWH XPD UHYL-
WHUDo}HV QD FLUFXQYROXomR IURQWDO LQIHULRU QD VXD SRUomR VmRGRVDFKDGRVGRFDVDO2VNDUHUHFRQVWUXtUDPXPPDSD
SRVWHULRU(OHDSUHVHQWRXWHPSRVGHSRLVXPVHJXQGRFDVR GHiUHDVFRUWLFDLV(VWXGDUDPDVYDULDo}HVGHHVSHV-
FRPDVPHVPDVFRUUHODo}HVFOtQLFDVHDQDWRPRSDWROyJLFDV VXUD FRUWLFDO YROXPH GHQVLGDGH FHOXODU IRUPD GRV QHX-
H HVWHV IRUDP HVVHQFLDLV QR HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GD FRQH[mR U{QLRV SURSRUomR HQWUH FRUSRV QHXURQDLV JUDQGHV H SH-
HQWUHDOLQJXDJHPHRJLURIURQWDOLQIHULRUHVTXHUGR7RGDD TXHQRV TXDQWLGDGHGHFpOXODVJOLDLVJHUDQGRXPYROXPH
IXQGDPHQWDomRGDPRGHUQDQHXUR¿VLRORJLDHQHXURFLrQFLD HQRUPH GH LQIRUPDo}HV TXH IRL SRVWHULRUPHQWH VRPDGR
FRJQLWLYD HVWi HPEDVDGD QRV DFKDGRV FOiVVLFRV SURIHULGD DRVSDGU}HVIXQFLRQDLVGDiUHD18
SRU%URFD(PVXDKRPHQDJHPHVVHGLVW~UELRGDH[SUHV- 2 FRQFHLWR GH SOXUDOLGDGH IXQFLRQDO DWULEXtGD DR
VmRGDIDODUHFHEHXRQRPHGHDIDVLDGH%URFDHDUHJLmR FpUHEUR IRL DFROKLGR QD REUD GH .DUO )ULHGULFK %XUGDFK
GRJLURIURQWDOLQIHULRUFRPSUHHQGLGDHQWUHDSRUomRWULDQ-  TXHUHODWRXDGHVFREHUWDGRWDSHWXPGRIDV-
JXODUHDRSHUFXODUSDVVRXDFKDPDUVHiUHDGH%URFD15 FtFXOR XQFLQDGR GR DUFXDGR H GR ORQJLWXGLQDO VXSHULRU
2V WUDEDOKRV GH %URFD WDPEpP JDQKDUDP QRWR- DOpPGHSDGURQL]DUDQRPHQFODWXUDGRVDFKDGRVDQDW{PL-
ULHGDGHFRPDVFRUUHODo}HVFOtQLFDVGHVFULWDVSRU&KDUFRW FRVSDVVDQGRDVHUGHVFULWRVHPODWLP(VVDPRGL¿FDomR
 H*RZHU  FRQIHULQGROKHVHVSH- WHYHJUDQGHDFHLWDomRGDFRPXQLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDHVHWRUQRX
FLDO QRWRULHGDGH (VVHV UHODWRV SRVVLELOLWDUDP WDPEpP D XPDQRUPDVHQGRXVDGDSHOR&RPLWr,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH1R-
)ULWVFK  H+LW]LJ  GHWHFWDUDORFD- PHQFODWXUDGHVGH19
OL]DomRGRFyUWH[PRWRUTXHSRUVXDYH]DEULUDPFDPLQKR -RVHSK-XOHV'LJHUHP  LQWURGX]LXQR-
SDUD )HUULHU   LQLFLDU VHXV H[SHULPHQWRV FRP YDVWpFQLFDVGHGLVVHFomRGH¿EUDVEUDQFDVDVVRFLDGDVj
HVWLPXODomRFRUWLFDOHVWDEHOHFHQGRXPDQRYDIDVHQDQHX- FRORUDomRSRUKHPDWR[LOLQDIHUURVDHFRQVHJXLXGHPRQV-
URFLrQFLD16 WUDUGLIHUHQWHVFRUUHODo}HVHQWUHiUHDVFRUWLFDLVHVXDVSUR-
MHo}HV HP WHUULWyULRV GD OLQJXDJHP R TXH SRVVLELOLWRX D
FASE CONECTIVA FUNCIONAL GHVFULomR GH OHV}HV RFFLSLWRWHPSRUDLV FRP H[WHQVmR DR
1HVWDIDVHDWRSRJUD¿DIXQFLRQDOMiQmRFRQVHJXLD HVSOrQLRGRFRUSRFDORVR$VOHV}HVRFFLSLWRWHPSRUDLVSUR-
H[SOLFDUGHPRGRFRQYLQFHQWHDVLQ~PHUDVPDQLIHVWDo}HV GX]LDPV~ELWDSHUGDGRFDPSRYLVXDOGLUHLWRDIHWDQGRFD-
FOtQLFDVUHODWDGDVQDOLWHUDWXUDPpGLFD3HVTXLVDGRUHVLQVD- SDFLGDGHGHOHLWXUD&RQWXGRHVVHVSDFLHQWHVPDQWLQKDP
WLVIHLWRVFRPHVVDVLWXDomRSDVVDUDPDVHGHGLFDUDRHVWXGR tQWHJUDDFDSDFLGDGHGHHVFUHYHUDSHVDUGHQmRHQWHQGH-
GDVFRQH[}HVHQWUHDViUHDVFHUHEUDLVSDUDSRGHUORFDOL]DU UHPRTXHKDYLDVLGRHVFULWR2TXDGURFOtQLFRPDQLIHVWDGR
DVVXDVIXQo}HVGDQGRRULJHPDRVPDSDVFRUWLFDLV IRLFKDPDGRGHDOH[LDVHPDJUD¿D20
2 SULPHLUR GHVWDTXH p SDUD $OIUHG &DPSEHO 6HJXLQGR HVVHV IXQGDPHQWRV GH FRQH[}HV &DUO
 TXHHPVHXWUDEDOKRHVWUXWXURXDVGLIHUHQoDV :HUQLFNH   UHODWRX D SUHVHQoD GH SDFLHQWHV
UHJLRQDLVGRFyUWH[HPUHODomRjKLVWRORJLDDVVRFLDGRDRV FRPXPFRPSURPHWLPHQWRGDFRPSUHHQVmRGDOLQJXDJHP
DFKDGRVFOLQLFRSDWROyJLFRVjVVXSRVWDVIXQo}HVH[HUFLGDV VHPDSHUGDGDFDSDFLGDGHGHDUWLFXODomR1mRKDYLDSHUGD
SRUHVVDUHJLmRFXOPLQDQGRFRPDHODERUDomRGHXPPDSD DXGLWLYDRXYLVXDOQHPGp¿FLWPRWRUFRPRQDDIDVLDGH
FRP  FDPSRV FLWRDUTXLWHW{QLFRV FRQFRUGDQGR DQDWR- %URFDRTXHVXJHULDXPDQRYDORFDOL]DomRDQDW{PLFD2
PLDSDWRORJLDH¿VLRORJLD$ViUHDVIRUDPGHVLJQDGDVSHOD Gp¿FLWGHWHUPLQDGRSRUHVVDDOWHUDomRID]FRPTXHRLQGL-
IXQomRGHYHULDPUHDOL]DUHQmRSRUXPQ~PHURFRPRHUD YtGXRDRVHH[SUHVVDUWURTXHXPDSDODYUDSRURXWUD SD-
R FDVR GD FDUWRJUD¿D SURSRVWD SRU %URGPDQQ )RL R LQt- UDIDVLDYHUEDO RXVXEVWLWXDXPDSDODYUDHVFULWDSRURXWUD

20 Revista Brasileira de Neurologia » Volume 52 » Nº 2 » Abr/Mai/Jun 2016


Conhecimento neuroanatômico

VHPHOKDQWH SDUDIDVLD GH HVFULWD  VHP R PHQRU FRQWH[WR VHWRUQRXSRVVtYHOFRPRDGYHQWRGRVPRGHUQRVH[DPHVGH


FRPRGLiORJR(VVHDFKDGRIRLFKDPDGRGHDIDVLDGHH[- QHXURLPDJHP24
pressão.21
2 PpWRGR PDLV HODERUDGR GH GLVVHomR GH ¿EUDV FASE MULTIMODAL
EUDQFDV IRL SURSRVWR SRU -RVHI .OLQJOHU   HP 2V PRGHUQRV HVWXGRV SRU UHVVRQkQFLD PDJQpWLFD
 TXH SRVVLELOLWRX XP HQWHQGLPHQWR UHYROXFLRQiULR 50 SRVVLELOLWDUDPFRUUHODFLRQDUDDQDWRPLDWRSRJUi¿FD
HQWUHDVFRQH[}HVGHiUHDVFHUHEUDLVHPTXHHVWUDWpJLDVGH FRUWLFDO FRPR VXDV FRQH[}HV SHOD WUDWRJUD¿D EHP FRPR
GLVVHFomRGLIHUHQFLDGDVSRVVLELOLWDUDPDGHPRQVWUDomRGD VXDDWLYLGDGHHVSHFt¿FDQDH[HFXomRGHGHWHUPLQDGDIXQ-
FRPSOH[DLQWHUUHODomRHQWUHiUHDVFHUHEUDLVSRUPHLRGH omRSHOD50IXQFLRQDOSHUPLWLQGRYLVXDOL]DUDVGLYHUVDV
IHL[HVGH¿EUDVEUDQFDVHLVWRJHURXXPQRYRHQWHQGLPHQ- PDQHLUDVSRVVtYHLVGHLQWHUUHODomRHQWUHGLIHUHQWHViUHDV
WRGHVVDVHVWUXWXUDVGRSRQWRGHYLVWDHVSDFLDO.OLQJOHUIRL WRSRJUi¿FDV in vivo HP WHPSR UHDO FRP XP Q~PHUR GH
RSULPHLURDGRFXPHQWDUVXDVGLVVHo}HVFRPIRWRJUD¿DV22 LQGLYtGXRVHSDGURQL]DomRGHDPRVWUDQXQFDDQWHVLPDJL-
QDGD
FASE DOS MODELOS NEUROPSICOLÓGICOS $ SURSRVWD GH XPD IXQGDPHQWDomR QHXUDO SDUD
1RLQtFLRGRVpFXOR;;DFRQFHSomRGRVLVWHPD VXVWHQWDU R FRQKHFLPHQWR FRQFHLWXDO SURFXUDYD GHWHUPL-
QHUYRVRFRPRXPDVpULHGHFHQWURVFRQHFWDGRVFRPHoDYD QDURVIXQGDPHQWRVQHXURDQDW{PLFRVSDUDRHQWHQGLPHQ-
DVHUTXHVWLRQDGDDVVRFLDQGRVHDGHVFULo}HVDQDW{PLFDV WRGDVIXQo}HVFRUWLFDLVVXSHULRUHV$FRQWH[WXDOL]DomRGD
PDFURVFySLFDVLQVX¿FLHQWHVSDUDH[SOLFDUDFRPSOH[LGDGH SVLFRORJLDFRJQLWLYDSRUFDWHJRULDVGHFRQKHFLPHQWRDEULX
GDVGLVIXQo}HVQHXURSVLFROyJLFDV3HODDXVrQFLDGHVXSRU- R FDPLQKR SDUD D QHXURDQDWRPLD SURSRU XPD H[SOLFDomR
WH QHXURDQDW{PLFR D DERUGDJHP QHXURSVLFROyJLFD FRQ- DQDW{PLFDSDUDDDOWHUDomRGRVSDGU}HVGHUHFRQKHFLPHQ-
TXLVWRXHVSDoRQRPHLRFLHQWt¿FR WRYLVXDO'HPRVWURXVHTXHRSDGUmRGHUHFRQKHFLPHQWR
$ IXQGDPHQWDomR QHXURSVLFROyJLFD WHYH LQtFLR IDFLDOHVWDYDYLQFXODGRjUHJLmRWHPSRUDOLQIHULRUHVTXHUGD
FRP DV FRQVWDWDo}HV -RKQ +XJKOLQJV -DFNVRQ  HDQRPHDomRGHXPREMHWRUHFUXWDGRVGDPHPyULDGHXWL-
 TXHSURS{VVHSDUDUDVUHODo}HVHQWUHPHQWHHFpUHEUR OL]DomRHVWDOLJDGDjDWLYDomRGDMXQomRRFFLSLWRWHPSRUR-
SDUDPHOKRUHQWHQGHUVXDVLQWHUUHODo}HV2FyUWH[FHUHEUDO SDULHWDOHVTXHUGD25
GHYHULDVHUSHQVDGRFRPXPDPiTXLQDVHQVLWLYRPRWRUD (VWXGDQGR DV PDFURYLDV SHULVLOYLDQDV GH OLQJXD-
$ REVHUYDomR HQWUH LQGLYtGXRV VDGLRV H GRHQWHV VHULD D JHPSRUWUDWRJUD¿DWULGLPHQVLRQDOSRGHVHFRPSURYDURV
EDVH GD IXQGDPHQWDomR SDUD D FLrQFLD QHXUROyJLFD )XQ- PRGHORVDQDW{PLFRVSURSRVWRVDQWHULRUPHQWHSRU3DXO%UR-
o}HVFRUWLFDLVVXSHULRUHVQmRSRGHULDPVHUH[SOLFDGDVSHOD FD&DUO:HUQLFNH-RVHSK'pMqULQHH1RUPDQ*HVKZLQG
VLPSOHV REVHUYDomR GR FpUHEUR$VVRFLDQGR RV SUHFHLWRV FRP VXDV UHVSHFWLYDV DVVRFLDo}HV (VWXGRV UHFHQWHV GH-
HYROXFLRQiULRV GH &KDUOHV 5REHUW 'DUZLQ   PRQVWUDUDPXPDFRQH[mRGLUHWDHQWUDDUHJLmRWHPSRUDOH
-DFNVRQDGRWRXXPDHYROXomRQRVFRQFHLWRVGHOLQJXDJHP IURQWDOHGRLVVHJPHQWRVVREUHSRVWRVXPSRVWHULRUOLJDQGR
DR SURSRU XPD RUJDQL]DomR KLHUiUTXLFD TXDQWR j FRP- RWHPSRUDODRSDULHWDOHXPDQWHULRUXQLQGRRSDULHWDODR
SOH[LGDGHGH¿QLo}HVLQWHJUDo}HVHLQWHUFRQH[}HVDVVLP IURQWDO(VVDVGHVFREHUWDVH[SOLFDUDPDVYDULDo}HVFOtQLFDV
FRQWULEXLQGRSDUDDH[SDQVmRGRVFDPLQKRVUXPRjQHXUR- H[LVWHQWHVQRVJUXSRVGHDIDVLDGH%URFDH:HUQLFNH+RX-
FLrQFLDPRGHUQD23 YHXPDLGHQWL¿FDomRWRSRJUi¿FDGRVPHFDQLVPRVKRGROy-
$DERUGDJHPSVLFROyJLFDSDVVRXDVHUIHLWDFRP JLFRVVHQGRDFRUUHODomRGRFXPHQWDGDin vivo2VGDGRV
DQiOLVHVGHJUXSRVGHLQGLYtGXRVQRUPDLV2VLQGLYtGXRV WLYHUDPVXDFRPSURYDomRFRPRXVRGHH[DPHVIXQFLRQDLV
IRUDPVXEPHWLGRVDGLIHUHQWHVWUDWDPHQWRVH[SHULPHQWDLV HEDWHULDVGHWHVWHVSVLFROyJLFRV&RQVWDWRXVHDH[LVWrQFLD
VHXV HIHLWRV PHQVXUDGRV FRP SURWRFRORV SDGURQL]DGRV H GHXPDDVVLPHWULDHQWUHRVSDGU}HVHVWUXWXUDLVGHVVDVURWDV
SRVWHULRUPHQWH YDOLGDGRV SRU PpWRGRV HVWDWtVWLFRV FRP FRQIRUPHDGRPLQkQFLDGDIXQomRVXSHULRU(VVDGLYHUVL-
DQiOLVHGHYDULkQFLD24 GDGHLQWHUHLQWUDSHVVRDOH[SOLFDRIDWRXPDOHVmRFHUHEUDO
$QHXURSVLFRORJLDWUDEDOKDYDQHVVDpSRFDSURFX- FRPXPDPHVPDWRSRJUD¿DDSUHVHQWDUXPDYDULDELOLGDGH
UDQGRXPDFRPSUHVVmRGDVOHV}HVFHUHEUDLVWHQWDQGRHQ- GHVLQWRPDV26
WHQGHUTXDLVDVUHSHUFXVV}HVTXHHVVDVSURGX]LDPVREUHDV 3DUD H[SOLFDU D GLYHUVLGDGH QD UHFXSHUDomR IXQ-
IXQo}HVFRUWLFDLVVXSHULRUHV$QHXURSVLFRORJLDFDUHFLDGH FLRQDOGHVWHVLQGLYtGXRVDGH¿QLomRGHQHXURSODVWLFLGDGH
IHUUDPHQWDVSDUDSRGHUFRQ¿UPDUVXDVKLSyWHVHVRTXHVy IRLDFUHVFLGDDRFRQFHLWRDQWHULRUWUDGX]LQGRDFDSDFLGDGH

Revista Brasileira de Neurologia » Volume 52 » Nº 2 » Abr/Mai/Jun 2016 21


Georgeto SM et al.

GH UHFXSHUDomR GD IXQomR QHXUROyJLFD DSyV R FyUWH[ WHU cal record 1999;257(2):58-63.
4. Gross CG. Aristotle on the Brain. The Neuroscientist 1995;1(4):245-50.
VRIULGRXPDLQM~ULDHDVXDUHLQWHJUDomRGHSHQGHGDORFDOL- 5. Malomo A, Idowu O, Osuagwu F. Lessons from history: human anatomy,
from the origin to the renaissance. Int J Morphol2006;24(1):99-104.
]DomRGDOHVmRHGRPRGHOR¿VLRSDWROyJLFR$FRPELQDomR
6. Pilcher LS. The Mondino Myth. Medical library and historical journal
GHDQiOLVHVHVWUXWXUDLVSRUWUDWRJUD¿DDVVRFLDGDVDDQiOLVHV 1906;4(4):311-31.
7. Kickhöfel EHP. Uma falsa lição de anatomia ou de um simples caso de im-
IXQFLRQDLVFRPRHVWLPXODomRLQWUDRSHUDWyULD50IXQFLR- pregnação teórica dos fatos. Scient e Studia 2003;1(3):389-404.
QDOSRWHQFLDLVHYRFDGRVHOHWURFRUWLFRJUD¿DHHOHWURPDJ- 8. Tascioglu AO, Tascioglu AB. Ventricular anatomy: illustrations and concepts
from antiquity to Renaissance. Neuroanatomy 2005;4:57-63.
QHWRFRWLFRJUD¿DFRQIHUHXPSDGUmRPXOWLPRGDOQDVLQWHU- 9. Zago S, Meraviglia MV. Costanzo Varolio (1543-1575). Journal of neurology
SUHWDo}HVGDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHUHFXSHUDomR27 2009;256(7):1195-6.
10. Caplan L. Posterior circulation ischemia: then, now, and tomorrow. The
2V XVRV GHVVHV FRQFHLWRV LQWHJUDWLYRV QD FRP- Thomas Willis Lecture-2000. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation
2000;31(8):2011-23.
SUHHQVmRGRIXQFLRQDPHQWRFHUHEUDOHVXDVGRHQoDVPRWL-
11. van Gijn J. Franciscus Sylvius (1614–1672). Journal of neurology
YDUDPGRLVSURMHWRVUHFHQWHVPXOWLFrQWULFRVFRQ¿UPDQGR 2001;248(10):915-6.
12. Parent A. Felix Vicq d’Azyr: anatomy, medicine and revolution. The Cana-
RLQWHUHVVHGDFRPXQLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDLQWHUQDFLRQDO2SUL- dian journal of neurological sciences Le journal canadien des sciences neu-
PHLUR7KH+XPDQ&RQQHFWRPH3URMHFWLQFOXLFLHQWLVWDV rologiques 2007;34(1):30-7.
13. Caputi F, Spaziante R, de Divitiis E, Nashold BS, Jr. Luigi Rolando and his
GD8QLYHUVLGDGHGD&DOLIyUQLDHP/RV$QJHOHV 8&/$  SLRQHHULQJ H΍RUWV WR UHODWH VWUXFWXUH WR IXQFWLRQ LQ WKH QHUYRXV V\VWHP
GR 0DVVDFKXVVHWV *HQHUDO +RVSLWDO GD 8QLYHUVLGDGH GH Journal of neurosurgery 1995;83(5):933-7.
14. Zola-Morgan S. Localization of brain function: The legacy of Franz Joseph
:DVKLQJWRQ H GD 8QLYHUVLGDGH GR 0LQQHVRWD REMHWLYD Gall (1758-1828). Annual review of neuroscience 1995;18(1):359-83.
15. Dronkers NF, Plaisant O, Iba-Zizen MT, Cabanis EA. Paul Broca’s historic
HVWXGDU XP PLOKmR H GX]HQWRV PLO LQGLYtGXRV VDXGiYHLV
cases: high resolution MR imaging of the brains of Leborgne and Lelong.
XVDQGRDVPDFURYLDVGHDVVRFLDomRHLPDJHQVHVWUXWXUDLV Brain: a journal of neurology 2007;130(Pt 5):1432-41.
16. Gusmão S, Silveira RL, Filho GC. Broca e o nascimento da moderna neuro-
DXPFXVWRGHPLOK}HVGHGyODUHV  2VHJXQGR+X- cirurgia. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 2000;58(4):1149-52.
PDQ%UDLQ3URMHFWODQoDGRHPRXWXEURGHHQYROYH  ΍\WFKH'+&DWDQL0%H\RQGORFDOL]DWLRQIURPKRGRORJ\WRIXQFWLRQ3KL-
losophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological
SDtVHVHLQVWLWXLo}HVWHQGRFRPR¿QDOLGDGHGHVHQ- sciences 2005;360(1456):767-79.
YROYHUWHFQRORJLDGHLQIRUPDomRHFRPXQLFDomRSDUDSUR- 18. Jones EG. Cortical maps and modern phrenology. Brain: a journal of neuro-
logy 2008;131(8):2227-33.
GX]LU XP PRGHOR FRPSXWDFLRQDO TXH VLPXOH XP FpUHEUR 19. Meyer A. Karl Friedrich Burdach and his place in the history of neuroana-
tomy. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 1970;33(5):553-
HPIXQFLRQDPHQWRFRPXPRUoDPHQWRXPELOKmRGHHX-
61.
URVFXVWHDGRSHOD&RPXQLGDGH(XURSHLD   20. Geschwind N. The organization of language and the brain. Science
1970;170(3961):940-4.
$VVLPVHQGRRSUHVHQWHDUWLJRSURFXURXGDUXPD 21. Pillmann F. Carl Wernicke (1848–1905). Journal of neurology
YLVmRDEUDQJHQWHGDVFRUUHODo}HVHQWUHRVGLIHUHQWHVDFKD- 2003;250(11):1390-1.
22. Dini LI. Estudo anatômico da substância branca do lobo frontal: da técni-
GRV SHUPLWLQGR DVVRFLDU HVVDV GHVFREHUWDV DRV DYDQoRV FDGH.OLQJOHU¢GLVVHF©¥RYLUWXDOSRUUHVVRQ¤QFLDPDJQ«WLFD WUDFWRJUDȴD 
TXHVHVXFHGHUDP3RUVHWUDWDUGHXPDYLVmRJHUDOVREUH Porto Alegre - RS: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da
Saúde; 2010.
DKLVWyULDHVVDHVWiVXMHLWDDIDOKDVQRHQWDQWRXPROKDU 23. Steinberg DA. Cerebral localization in the nineteenth century--the birth of a
science and its modern consequences. Journal of the history of the neuros-
DPSORVREUHRVIDWRVSRGHVHU~WLOSDUDDSURIXQGDPHQWRV
ciences 2009;18(3):254-61.
posteriores.  &DWDQL0΍\WFKH'+7KHULVHVDQGIDOOVRIGLVFRQQHFWLRQV\QGURPHV%UDLQ
: a journal of neurology 2005;128(Pt 10):2224-39.
25. Tranel D, Damasio H, Damasio AR. A neural basis for the retrieval of con-
CONFLITOS DE INTERESSE ceptual knowledge. Neuropsychologia 1997;35(10):1319-27.
 &DWDQL0-RQHV'.΍\WFKH'+3HULV\OYLDQODQJXDJHQHWZRUNVRIWKHKX-
2VDXWRUHVGHFODUDPQmRKDYHUFRQÀLWRVGHLQWH- man brain. Annals of neurology 2005;57(1):8-16.
 'HVPXUJHW 0 %RQQHWEODQF ) 'X΍DX + &RQWUDVWLQJ DFXWH DQG VORZ-
UHVVHDVHUHPGHFODUDGRV
-growing lesions: a new door to brain plasticity. Brain : a journal of neuro-
logy. 2007;130(Pt 4):898-914.
7KHKXPDQFRQQHFWRPHSURMHFW>DFHVVRHPGHPDLR@GLVSRQ¯YHOHP
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org
 +XJKHV-77KH(GZLQ6PLWK6XUJLFDO3DS\UXVDQDQDO\VLVRIWKHȴUVWFDVH
+XPDQEUDLQSURMHFW>DFHVVRHPGHPDLR@'LVSRQ¯YHOHPKWWSV
reports of spinal cord injuries. Paraplegia 1988;26(2):71-82.
www.humanbrainproject.eu.
2. Shoja MM, Tubbs RS. The history of anatomy in Persia. Journal of anatomy
2007;210(4):359-78.
3. Blits KC. Aristotle: form, function, and comparative anatomy. The Anatomi-

22 Revista Brasileira de Neurologia » Volume 52 » Nº 2 » Abr/Mai/Jun 2016

Você também pode gostar