Evolucao Cronologica Do Conhecimento Neuroanatomico
Evolucao Cronologica Do Conhecimento Neuroanatomico
Evolucao Cronologica Do Conhecimento Neuroanatomico
52(2):17-22, 2016
RESUMO ABSTRACT
'HVGHDDQWLJXLGDGHRSHQVDPHQWRFLHQW¯ȴFRHYROXLXHPIDVHVHHVWH 6LQFHDQFLHQWWLPHVWKHVFLHQWLȴFWKLQNLQJHYROYHGLQVWDJHVDQGWKLV
artigo faz uma análise histórica sucinta sobre o avanço do conheci- article is a brief historical analysis of the progress of the neuroana-
mento neuroanatômico. Assim, foi feita uma análise temporal que WRPLFDObNQRZOHGJH&RQVHTXHQWO\DWHPSRUDODQDO\VLVQRWRQO\SUR-
não somente permite uma descrição dessa evolução, bem como es- vides a description of this evolution, as explained by the manner and
clarece o modo e a profundidade com que as estruturas foram sendo depth with which the structures were being understood. The descrip-
compreendidas. A descrição das descobertas neuroanatômicas sub- WLRQ RI WKH QHXURDQDWRPLFDO ȴQGLQJV VXEGLYLGHG LQWR IRXU GLVWLQFW
dividida em quatro fases temporais distintas permitiu compreender temporal phases allowed to understand the evolution of neurological
a evolução do pensamento neurológico e as correlações existentes thought and the correlations between the reports.
entre os relatos.
Keywords: Anatomy; Brain; History.
Palavras-chave: Anatomia; Cérebro; História.
Mestre em Tecnologia em Saúde. Docente do Departamento de Neurocirurgia da Santa Casa de Londrina. Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
1
Doutor em Engenharia Biomédica. Docente do Departamento de Engenharia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
2
Doutora em Farmacologia. Docente do Departamento de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
3
Mestre em Ciências da Saúde. Presidente da Colione Informática Ltda. Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
4
Doutor em Medicina. Docente do Departamento de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
5
Endereço para correspondência: Sérgio Murilo Georgeto, Avenida Bandeirantes, nº 476, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. CEP: 86020-620 E-mail: georgetosm@gmail.
com
INTRODUÇÃO (OHIRLRSULPHLURDXWLOL]DURWHUPRQHXURDQDWRPLDHVHXV
$HYROXomRGRFRQKHFLPHQWRQHXURDQDW{PLFRIRL SHQVDPHQWRVWLYHUDPSURIXQGDLQÀXrQFLDSULQFLSDOPHQWH
JUDGXDODRORQJRGDKLVWyULD,QLFLDOPHQWHDVHVWUXWXUDVIR- SDUD RV JUHJRV 4XDQGR R LVODPLVPR XQL¿FRX R LPSpULR
UDPGHVFULWDVGRSRQWRGHYLVWDWRSRJUi¿FRVHQGRTXHRV HSDVVRXDFRQGHQDUDGLVVHFomRHPDQLPDLVHSHVVRDVD
UHODWRVFRPFRUUHODo}HVIXQFLRQDLVVyIRUDPSRVVtYHLVFRP SURGXomRFXOWXUDOHQWURXHPFRODSVR2
R DGYHQWR GH XPD QRYD PHQWDOLGDGH LPSXOVLRQDGD SHORV 2V¿OyVRIRVSUpVRFUiWLFRVOLYUHVGHSUHVV}HVUHOL-
SHQVDPHQWRV UHQDVFHQWLVWDV (VWUXWXUDV WRSRJUi¿FDV SRQ- JLRVDVGHUDPFRQWLQXLGDGHDRVWUDEDOKRVFLHQWt¿FRVSULQ-
WXDLVIRUDPUHODFLRQDGDVjH[HFXomRGHIXQo}HVFRUWLFDLV FLSDOPHQWHQRSHUtRGRGHD$&'HQWUHHOHVVH
&RP R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD PHGLFLQD R SHQVD- GHVWDFD$OFPDHRQRSULPHLURDUHODFLRQDURFpUHEURFRP
PHQWR WRSRJUi¿FR IXQFLRQDO QmR FRQVHJXLD H[SOLFDU DV VHQVDo}HVHFRJQLomR5HDOL]DYDGLVVHFo}HVHPFDGiYHUHV
LQ~PHUDV PDQLIHVWDo}HV FOtQLFDV HQFRQWUDGDV QD SUiWLFD UHFRQKHFHQGRRFpUHEURFRPRRyUJmRGRVHQWLGRHVXDFR-
GLiULD VHQGR QHFHVViULD XPD PXGDQoD GH SDUDGLJPD$V QH[mRFRPRVQHUYRVHLQWURGX]LXQRo}HVGHFHIDORPHWULD
FRUUHODo}HVSDVVDUDPDVHUIHLWDVHQWUHUHJL}HVFHUHEUDLVH 'DHVFRODGDLOKDGH&RVQD*UpFLDRPDLVLOXV-
DVSRVVtYHLVIXQo}HVGHVHPSHQKDGDVSRUHVVDViUHDV WUH SHUVRQDJHP p +LSyFUDWHV FRQKHFLGR FRPR R ³3DL GD
&RPRSDVVDUGRVDQRVHVVHPRGHORVHWRUQRXLQ- 0HGLFLQD´ 6XD SULQFLSDO KHUDQoD IRL D GHVPLVWL¿FDomR
VX¿FLHQWH SDUD H[SOLFDU DV GLVIXQo}HV QHXURSVLTXLiWULFDV GRVIDWRUHVTXHOHYDPDVGRHQoDVUHWLUDQGRDVGRFDPSR
$ QHXURSVLFRORJLD SDVVRX D XWLOL]DU GH PRGHORV FRPSRU- VREUHQDWXUDO H WUD]HQGR XPD H[SOLFDomR UHDO EDVHDGD QD
WDPHQWDLV SDUD H[SOLFDU DV VXDV GRHQoDV &RQWXGR HVVHV REVHUYDomRFOtQLFD6XDWHRULDGRVTXDWURKXPRUHVRVDQ-
PRGHORV FDUHFLDP GH XPD FRQ¿UPDomR QHXURDQDW{PLFD JXHDELOHDPDUHODDELOHQHJUDHDÀHJPDLQÀXHQFLRXR
TXHVRPHQWHIRLSRVVtYHOFRPRVXUJLPHQWRGRVPRGHUQRV SHQVDPHQWRPpGLFRSRUVpFXORV
H[DPHVGHQHXURLPDJHP $ULVWyWHOHVIRLRXWUDJUDQGHSHUVRQDOLGDGHQDHV-
$ HYROXomR GRV IDWRV GHVFULWRV DQWHULRUPHQWH IRL FRODJUHJD6HXPpWRGRFRQVLVWLDGDDQDWRPLDFRPSDUDWL-
GLYLGLGD QDV FLQFR HWDSDV TXH VH VHJXHP SDUD IDFLOLWDU R YD6XDrQIDVHHUDDIXQomRFRPSDUDQGRRVHQVRGHVLJ-
VHXHQWHQGLPHQWRHVXDVFRUUHODo}HV QL¿FDGRIXQFLRQDOUHODFLRQDGRjHVWUXWXUDIRUPDHIXQomR
MXQWDV3RUHVVHHVWLORGHHVWXGRHOHpFRQVLGHUDGRR3DLGD
FASE DESCRITIVA $QDWRPLDFRPSDUDWLYD3
(VVDIDVHVHFDUDFWHUL]DSHORUHODWRGDVHVWUXWXUDV $HVFRODGH$OH[DQGULDIRLR~OWLPRUHGXWRDFRQ-
TXHFRPS}HPRFpUHEURVHPDSUHRFXSDomRGHVHUHODFLR- FLOLDUDSUiWLFDGDDQDWRPLDKXPDQDFRPRGHVHQYROYLPHQ-
QDUHPGHPDQHLUDHIHWLYDFRPXPDIXQomRFRUWLFDOHVSH- WR GH QRYDV WpFQLFDV FLU~UJLFDV WHQGR FRPR UHIHUrQFLD R
Ft¿FD$V GHVFULo}HV HUDP REVHUYDFLRQDOFRPSDUDWLYDV H WUDEDOKRGHVHQYROYLGRSRUVHXPDLVLOXVWUHUHSUHVHQWDQWH
SURIHULUDPVRPHQWHGHGXo}HVGRJPiWLFDVVREUHDDWLYLGD- +HUy¿OR GD &DOFHG{QLD $& &RP D H[SDQ-
GHFHUHEUDO VmRGR,PSpULR5RPDQRHDFRQVDJUDomRGR&ULVWLDQLVPR
2SULPHLURUHODWRFRPFRQRWDomRGHXPWUDWDGR FRPRUHOLJLmRR¿FLDOGRLPSpULR$&H'&D
FLU~UJLFRIRLHQFRQWUDGRHPXPSDSLURHJtSFLRWUDQVFULWR SUiWLFDGHGLVVHFomRKXPDQDIRLVHWRUQDQGRFDGDYH]PDLV
Ki DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHKi $& SURYDYHOPHQWHXP GLItFLOYLQGRDUHVVXUJLUVRPHQWHQRUHQDVFLPHQWR
4
FRPSLODGRGHQRWDVUHIHUHQWHVDGLDJQyVWLFRVHWUDWDPHQWRV
XVDGRVSHORVXPRVDFHUGRWH,PKRWHSTXHWHULDYLYLGRKi FASE TOPOGRÁFICA FUNCIONAL
$&2WUDGXWRUGHVVHVSDSLURVIRL(GZLQ6PLWKXP ,PSRUWDQWHVPXGDQoDVRFRUUHUDPQR SHUtRGR FR-
DPHULFDQR QDVFLGR HP &RQQHFWLFXW QR DQR GH (OH QKHFLGRFRPR5HQDVFLPHQWRHDMXGDUDPQRHQWHQGLPHQWR
WUDEDOKRXFRPRWUDGXWRUGHDQWLJRVGRFXPHQWRVHJtSFLRV GRDPELHQWHTXHSURSLFLRXRVXUJLPHQWRGRVSHQVDPHQWRV
SRUDQRVWHQGRDRSRUWXQLGDGHGHWUDGX]LUHVVHLPSRU- WRSRJUi¿FRVIXQFLRQDLV(QWUHRXWUDVWHPVHRDGYHQWRGD
WDQWHGRFXPHQWR1 LPSUHQVDSRU*XWHPEHUJHRÀRUHVFLPHQWRGHQRYDVFLrQ-
1RLPSpULR3HUVDGDWDGRVpFXOR9,$&HGXUDQ- FLDVRTXHSRVVLELOLWRXXPHQWUHODoDPHQWRGHVWHVFRQFHL-
WH R VHX DSRJHX HUD SHUPLWLGD D GLVVHFomR GH FDGiYHUHV WRVHXPDSURSDJDomRGHLQIRUPDo}HVSHOD(XURSDFRPR
RTXHSRVVLELOLWRXTXHHVWXGRVDQDW{PLFRVSURVSHUDVVHP QXQFDYLVWR'XUDQWHRVDQRVSRVWHULRUHVDRUHQDVFL-
2 JUDQGHH[SRHQWHGDpSRFDIRL5KD]HVDXWRUGHXPOL- PHQWR JUDQGHV DOWHUDo}HV VXUJLUDP QR FDPSR GD DQDWR-
YURGHDQDWRPLDPXLWRXVDGRFRPRUHIHUrQFLDSRUVpFXORV PLDID]HQGRFRPTXHHODVHHVWDEHOHFHVVHGH¿QLWLYDPHQWH
FRPRXPDFLrQFLDPpGLFD5 IXQGDPHQWDOSDUDFRPSUHHQGHUFRPRRVGRLVVLVWHPDVDU-
$SDUWLUGDUHLQWURGXomRGDGLVVHFomRKXPDQDHP WHULDLVVHVREUHS}HPQDLUULJDomRGRFpUHEUREHPFRPRDV
%RORQKD SHOR FLUXUJLmR H DQDWRPLVWD 0RQGLQR GH /X]]L PDQLIHVWDo}HVFOtQLFDVGLYHUVDVTXHHUDPRULJLQDGDVSHORV
'& DV YHOKDV GRXWULQDV GH ORFDOL]DomR GD Gp¿FLWVGHLUULJDomRRTXHSHUPLWLXDGHVFULomRGHYiULDV
DWLYLGDGHPRWRUDHVHQVRULDOQD³UHWHPLUDELOH´TXHD¿U- VtQGURPHVFOtQLFDVFRUUHODFLRQDVjDQDWRPLDYDVFXODU10
PDYDPVHUDORFDOL]DomRGHSURFHVVRVPHQWDLVHVWDYDQDV (PRPpGLFRHDQDWRPLVWD)UDQFLVFXV6\O-
FDYLGDGHVYHQWULFXODUHVHDVXDYDULDQWHFKDPDGDGHGRX- YLXV GHVFUHYHX XPD PDUFD SURIXQGD QD VX-
WULQDGDFpOXODLGHDOL]DGDSRUDXWRULGDGHVHFOHVLiVWLFDVGR SHUItFLHODWHUDOGRFpUHEURTXHLQLFLDYDSUy[LPRGDyUELWD
LQtFLR GR FULVWLDQLVPR FRPHoDUDP D VHU GHVPRURQDGDV HVHFXUYDQGRSRVWHULRUHVXSHULRUPHQWHGLULJLDWmRGLVWDO
TXDQGR HOH LQFRUSRURX R HVWXGR VLVWHPiWLFR GD DQDWRPLD TXDQWRjRULJHPGRWURQFRHQFHIiOLFRGLYLGLQGRRFpUHEUR
SHODGLVVHFomRFDGDYpULFDUHDYLYDQGRRLPSRUWDQWHOHJDGR HPXPDSRUomRVXSHULRUHXPDLQIHULRUTXHIRLGHQRPL-
GHL[DGRSHODHVFRODGHHVFRODGH$OH[DQGULD6HXWUDEDOKR QDGD¿VVXUDODWHUDO(PVXDKRPHQDJHPpQRPHDGDWDP-
QmRWHYHIRFRQDGLVVHFomRFUDQLDQDHQHPTXHVWLRQRXRV EpPGH¿VVXUDGH6\OYLXV11
SUHFHLWRVWUDGLFLRQDLVGDWHRULDYHQWULFXODUFRQWXGR, pro- $IDVHGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVPLQXFLRVDVGDHVWUXWX-
GX]LXXPWUDWDGRGHDQDWRPLDTXHIRLUHIHUrQFLDSHORV UDFHUHEUDOpVXEVWLWXtGDSRUWpFQLFDVTXHYLVDPGHVYHQGDU
DQRVVHJXLQWHV6 RVHXIXQFLRQDPHQWR6HXLQtFLRIRLPDUFDGRSHODVLGHLDV
$VPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVPXGDQoDVQRVFRQFHLWRVHQD RULJLQDLVGH)pOL[9LFTG¶$]\UTXHIH]DGHV-
GLGiWLFDGDDQDWRPLDVHGHYHPD$QGUHDV9HVDOLXV FULomRGDQHXURDQDWRPLDGDIDFHPHGLDOGRFpUHEUR6XDV
5HFRQKHFLGRFRPRPDLRUDQDWRPLVWDGDUHQDVFHQ- GHVFULo}HV HUDP DFRPSDQKDGDV GH FRUUHODo}HV DQDWRPR-
oDIRLSURIHVVRUQD8QLYHUVLGDGHGH3iGXDHPRQGH IXQFLRQDLVHHYROXFLRQiULDVHVWDEHOHFHQGRXPDFRQH[mR
OHFLRQDYD DQDWRPLD H FLUXUJLD 6HXV PpWRGRV Mi VH PRV- HQWUHRVFRQKHFLPHQWRVXVDGRVQDDQDWRPLDDFLrQFLDGD
WUDUDPLQRYDGRUHVGHVGHRLQtFLRSRLVDGLVVHomRHUDIHLWD PRUWHFRPD¿VLRORJLDDFLrQFLDGDYLGD12
QRFHQWURGHXPWHDWURHH[HFXWDGDSHORSUySULR9HVDOLXV &RQWUDGL]HQGR DV WHRULDV KROtVWLFDV GRV VpFXORV
GLVSHQVDQGRRXVRGHFLUXUJL}HVEDUEHLURV¿FDQGRDSOD- ;9,,D;,;VREUHRIXQFLRQDPHQWRFHUHEUDO/XLJL5RODQ-
WHLD DR VHX UHGRU GLVWULEXtGD HP GLYHUVRV DQGDUHV 2XWUR GRDFUHGLWDYDTXHRVLVWHPDQHUYRVRSRGHULD
DVSHFWRLQpGLWRIRLDH[WHQVDLQFOXVmRGHLOXVWUDo}HVGDQ- WHUiUHDVGLVWLQWDVGRSRQWRGHYLVWDIXQFLRQDOHDQDW{PLFR
GRXPDQRYDFRPSUHHQVmRDRVWH[WRVDQDW{PLFRV7(OHGH- (OH FRQVWDWRX TXH DSHVDU GD YDULDELOLGDGH KDYLD VHPSUH
PRVWURXDWUDYpVGHXPFRUWHWUDQVYHUVDOQRQtYHOGRViWULRV GRLVJLURVGLVSRVWRVWUDQVYHUVDOPHQWHj¿VVXUDGH6\OYLXV
YHQWULFXODUHV TXH R VLVWHPD YHQWULFXODU HP KXPDQRV WHP VHQGRXPQDUHJLmRIURQWDOHRRXWURQDSDULHWDO(QWHHOHV
PRUIRORJLDPXLWRVHPHOKDQWHDRGHDOJXQVDQLPDLV&RP H[LVWLDPXPVXOFRWDPEpPFRQVWDQWHTXHUHFHEHXRQRPH
HVVDFRQVWDWDomR9HVDOLXVDUJXPHQWRXTXHQmRSRGHULDVHU GH ¿VVXUD GH 5RODQGR HP VXD KRPHQDJHP 6HXV FRQFHL-
QHJDGDDSUHVHQoDGDDOPDQRVDQLPDLVMiTXHHVVHVDSUH- WRVFRQWUDGLVVHUDPDLGHLDKROtVWLFDDEULUDPFDPLQKRSDUD
VHQWDYDP RV PHVPRV UHTXLVLWRV DQDW{PLFRV TXH RV VHUHV XPDQRYDWHRULDGHRUJDQL]DomRIXQFLRQDOGRFpUHEURGDQ-
KXPDQRV(VVHIDWRIRLGHFLVLYRSDUDRDEDQGRQRGDWHRULD GRFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVWRSRJUi¿FDVSDUDDVIXQo}HVFHUHEUDLV13
YHQWULFXODU8 )UDQ] -RVHSK *DOO SURS{V QR LQtFLR
&RVWDQ]R9DUROLRFRQVHJXLXDFRP- GR VpFXOR ;,; TXH R FRPSRUWDPHQWR KXPDQR SRGHULD
SOHWDH[WHULRUL]DomRGRFpUHEURID]HQGRXPFRUWHSDUDOHOR HVWDU FRUUHODFLRQDGR FRP FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV IDFLDLV H[WHUQDV
DRQtYHOGDEDVHGRFUkQLRVHSDUDQGRRHQFpIDORGDFDL[D 1XPDIDVHLQLFLDOGRVHXWUDEDOKRHOHVHXQLXDRDQDWRPLV-
FUDQLDQD&RPHVVHPpWRGRDVHVWUXWXUDVHQFREHUWDVSHOR WD-RKDQQ*DVSDUG6SXU]KHLPHSXEOLFDUDP
PDQWRFRUWLFDOSXGHUDPVHUGHVFULWDVHQWUHHODVDOLJDomR XPDVpULHGHDUWLJRVVREUHDQDWRPLDIXQFLRQDOHSVLFRORJLD
GR FpUHEUR FRP D PHGXOD TXH IRL GHVLJQDGD GH SRQWH H 3RUGLVFRUGDUGH*DOOTXDQWRjQHFHVVLGDGHGHXPPDLRU
SRVWHULRUPHQWHGHQRPLQDGDSRQWHGH9DUROLR9 ULJRUFLHQWt¿FRSDUDFRQWLQXDUVXDVD¿UPDo}HV6SXU]KHLP
7KRPDV:LOOLV XWLOL]DQGR D WpFQLFD VH VHSDURX H IXQGRX D IUHQRORJLD$V D¿UPDo}HV GH VXDV
DFLPDGHVFULWDIH]XPHVWXGRGHWDOKDGRGDFLUFXODomRGD WHRULDVSDVVDUDPDVRIUHUFUtWLFDVGDFRPXQLGDGHFLHQWt¿FD
EDVH GR HQFpIDOR HP TXH GHPRQVWUDYD KDYHU XPD FRQH- DFXVDGDVGHFDUHFHUHPGHIXQGDPHQWDomR$SHVDUGRVDWD-
[mRHQWUHDFLUFXODomRFDURWtGHDHYHUWHEUDOSRVWHULRUPHQ- TXHVDVLGHLDVGH*DOOVREUHYLYHPDWpRVH[SHULPHQWRVGR
WHGHQRPLQDGDSROtJRQRGH:LOOLV(VVHFRQKHFLPHQWRIRL QHXURORJLVWDIUDQFrV-HDQ%DSWLVWH%RXLOODXG
TXHDFUHGLWDYDLQGXELWDYHOPHQWHQDWHRULDGDORFDOL]DomR FLRGRSHQVDPHQWRKRGROyJLFRTXHSURFXUDYDGH¿QLUHP
SULQFLSDOPHQWHQRTXHVHUHIHULDjIDOD14 FDGDiUHDDVFRQH[}HVHVWDEHOHFLGDVSHODV¿EUDVEUDQFDV
&RXEHD3DXO%URFDDQDWRPLVWDDQ- 2 VHJXQGR GHVWDTXH p SDUD R FDVDO 2VNDU H
WURSRORJLVWDHFLUXUJLmRGHPRQVWUDUHPMXQWRD6R- &HFLOH9RJW TXH SURFXUDUDP HVWXGDU DV YD-
FLHGDGH GH$QWURSRORJLD )UDQFHVD TXH DV LGHLDV GH -HDQ ULDo}HV FRUWLFDLV PLHORDUTXLWHW{QLFDV GDV iUHDV GH¿QL-
%DSWLVWH%RXLOODXGHVWDYDPFRUUHWDV(OHDSUHVHQWRXRFDVR GDV SRU %URGPDQQ UHVXOWDQGR QXPD VXEGLYLVmR GH PDLV
GR SDFLHQWH 0RQVLHXU /HERUJQH GHQRPLQDGR SRU %URFD GHiUHDV(VVHLPHQVRWUDEDOKRLQIHOL]PHQWHQXQFDIRL
GH 0RQVLHXU 7DQ TXH KDYLD VRIULGR XP WUDXPD IURQWDO FRQFOXtGR17
HVTXHUGRHDSUHVHQWDYDP~OWLSORVSUREOHPDVQHXUROyJLFRV &RQVWDQWLQ YRQ (FRQRPR H *HRUJ
UHODFLRQDGRVjH[SUHVVmRGDIDOD6XDDXWySVLDUHYHORXDO- .RVNLQDV ¿]HUDP SRVWHULRUPHQWH XPD UHYL-
WHUDo}HV QD FLUFXQYROXomR IURQWDO LQIHULRU QD VXD SRUomR VmRGRVDFKDGRVGRFDVDO2VNDUHUHFRQVWUXtUDPXPPDSD
SRVWHULRU(OHDSUHVHQWRXWHPSRVGHSRLVXPVHJXQGRFDVR GHiUHDVFRUWLFDLV(VWXGDUDPDVYDULDo}HVGHHVSHV-
FRPDVPHVPDVFRUUHODo}HVFOtQLFDVHDQDWRPRSDWROyJLFDV VXUD FRUWLFDO YROXPH GHQVLGDGH FHOXODU IRUPD GRV QHX-
H HVWHV IRUDP HVVHQFLDLV QR HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GD FRQH[mR U{QLRV SURSRUomR HQWUH FRUSRV QHXURQDLV JUDQGHV H SH-
HQWUHDOLQJXDJHPHRJLURIURQWDOLQIHULRUHVTXHUGR7RGDD TXHQRVTXDQWLGDGHGHFpOXODVJOLDLVJHUDQGRXPYROXPH
IXQGDPHQWDomRGDPRGHUQDQHXUR¿VLRORJLDHQHXURFLrQFLD HQRUPH GH LQIRUPDo}HV TXH IRL SRVWHULRUPHQWH VRPDGR
FRJQLWLYD HVWi HPEDVDGD QRV DFKDGRV FOiVVLFRV SURIHULGD DRVSDGU}HVIXQFLRQDLVGDiUHD18
SRU%URFD(PVXDKRPHQDJHPHVVHGLVW~UELRGDH[SUHV- 2 FRQFHLWR GH SOXUDOLGDGH IXQFLRQDO DWULEXtGD DR
VmRGDIDODUHFHEHXRQRPHGHDIDVLDGH%URFDHDUHJLmR FpUHEUR IRL DFROKLGR QD REUD GH .DUO )ULHGULFK %XUGDFK
GRJLURIURQWDOLQIHULRUFRPSUHHQGLGDHQWUHDSRUomRWULDQ- TXHUHODWRXDGHVFREHUWDGRWDSHWXPGRIDV-
JXODUHDRSHUFXODUSDVVRXDFKDPDUVHiUHDGH%URFD15 FtFXOR XQFLQDGR GR DUFXDGR H GR ORQJLWXGLQDO VXSHULRU
2V WUDEDOKRV GH %URFD WDPEpP JDQKDUDP QRWR- DOpPGHSDGURQL]DUDQRPHQFODWXUDGRVDFKDGRVDQDW{PL-
ULHGDGHFRPDVFRUUHODo}HVFOtQLFDVGHVFULWDVSRU&KDUFRW FRVSDVVDQGRDVHUGHVFULWRVHPODWLP(VVDPRGL¿FDomR
H*RZHUFRQIHULQGROKHVHVSH- WHYHJUDQGHDFHLWDomRGDFRPXQLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDHVHWRUQRX
FLDO QRWRULHGDGH (VVHV UHODWRV SRVVLELOLWDUDP WDPEpP D XPDQRUPDVHQGRXVDGDSHOR&RPLWr,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH1R-
)ULWVFKH+LW]LJGHWHFWDUDORFD- PHQFODWXUDGHVGH19
OL]DomRGRFyUWH[PRWRUTXHSRUVXDYH]DEULUDPFDPLQKR -RVHSK-XOHV'LJHUHPLQWURGX]LXQR-
SDUD )HUULHU LQLFLDU VHXV H[SHULPHQWRV FRP YDVWpFQLFDVGHGLVVHFomRGH¿EUDVEUDQFDVDVVRFLDGDVj
HVWLPXODomRFRUWLFDOHVWDEHOHFHQGRXPDQRYDIDVHQDQHX- FRORUDomRSRUKHPDWR[LOLQDIHUURVDHFRQVHJXLXGHPRQV-
URFLrQFLD16 WUDUGLIHUHQWHVFRUUHODo}HVHQWUHiUHDVFRUWLFDLVHVXDVSUR-
MHo}HV HP WHUULWyULRV GD OLQJXDJHP R TXH SRVVLELOLWRX D
FASE CONECTIVA FUNCIONAL GHVFULomR GH OHV}HV RFFLSLWRWHPSRUDLV FRP H[WHQVmR DR
1HVWDIDVHDWRSRJUD¿DIXQFLRQDOMiQmRFRQVHJXLD HVSOrQLRGRFRUSRFDORVR$VOHV}HVRFFLSLWRWHPSRUDLVSUR-
H[SOLFDUGHPRGRFRQYLQFHQWHDVLQ~PHUDVPDQLIHVWDo}HV GX]LDPV~ELWDSHUGDGRFDPSRYLVXDOGLUHLWRDIHWDQGRFD-
FOtQLFDVUHODWDGDVQDOLWHUDWXUDPpGLFD3HVTXLVDGRUHVLQVD- SDFLGDGHGHOHLWXUD&RQWXGRHVVHVSDFLHQWHVPDQWLQKDP
WLVIHLWRVFRPHVVDVLWXDomRSDVVDUDPDVHGHGLFDUDRHVWXGR tQWHJUDDFDSDFLGDGHGHHVFUHYHUDSHVDUGHQmRHQWHQGH-
GDVFRQH[}HVHQWUHDViUHDVFHUHEUDLVSDUDSRGHUORFDOL]DU UHPRTXHKDYLDVLGRHVFULWR2TXDGURFOtQLFRPDQLIHVWDGR
DVVXDVIXQo}HVGDQGRRULJHPDRVPDSDVFRUWLFDLV IRLFKDPDGRGHDOH[LDVHPDJUD¿D20
2 SULPHLUR GHVWDTXH p SDUD $OIUHG &DPSEHO 6HJXLQGR HVVHV IXQGDPHQWRV GH FRQH[}HV &DUO
TXHHPVHXWUDEDOKRHVWUXWXURXDVGLIHUHQoDV :HUQLFNH UHODWRX D SUHVHQoD GH SDFLHQWHV
UHJLRQDLVGRFyUWH[HPUHODomRjKLVWRORJLDDVVRFLDGRDRV FRPXPFRPSURPHWLPHQWRGDFRPSUHHQVmRGDOLQJXDJHP
DFKDGRVFOLQLFRSDWROyJLFRVjVVXSRVWDVIXQo}HVH[HUFLGDV VHPDSHUGDGDFDSDFLGDGHGHDUWLFXODomR1mRKDYLDSHUGD
SRUHVVDUHJLmRFXOPLQDQGRFRPDHODERUDomRGHXPPDSD DXGLWLYDRXYLVXDOQHPGp¿FLWPRWRUFRPRQDDIDVLDGH
FRP FDPSRV FLWRDUTXLWHW{QLFRV FRQFRUGDQGR DQDWR- %URFDRTXHVXJHULDXPDQRYDORFDOL]DomRDQDW{PLFD2
PLDSDWRORJLDH¿VLRORJLD$ViUHDVIRUDPGHVLJQDGDVSHOD Gp¿FLWGHWHUPLQDGRSRUHVVDDOWHUDomRID]FRPTXHRLQGL-
IXQomRGHYHULDPUHDOL]DUHQmRSRUXPQ~PHURFRPRHUD YtGXRDRVHH[SUHVVDUWURTXHXPDSDODYUDSRURXWUDSD-
R FDVR GD FDUWRJUD¿D SURSRVWD SRU %URGPDQQ )RL R LQt- UDIDVLDYHUEDORXVXEVWLWXDXPDSDODYUDHVFULWDSRURXWUD
GH UHFXSHUDomR GD IXQomR QHXUROyJLFD DSyV R FyUWH[ WHU cal record 1999;257(2):58-63.
4. Gross CG. Aristotle on the Brain. The Neuroscientist 1995;1(4):245-50.
VRIULGRXPDLQM~ULDHDVXDUHLQWHJUDomRGHSHQGHGDORFDOL- 5. Malomo A, Idowu O, Osuagwu F. Lessons from history: human anatomy,
from the origin to the renaissance. Int J Morphol2006;24(1):99-104.
]DomRGDOHVmRHGRPRGHOR¿VLRSDWROyJLFR$FRPELQDomR
6. Pilcher LS. The Mondino Myth. Medical library and historical journal
GHDQiOLVHVHVWUXWXUDLVSRUWUDWRJUD¿DDVVRFLDGDVDDQiOLVHV 1906;4(4):311-31.
7. Kickhöfel EHP. Uma falsa lição de anatomia ou de um simples caso de im-
IXQFLRQDLVFRPRHVWLPXODomRLQWUDRSHUDWyULD50IXQFLR- pregnação teórica dos fatos. Scient e Studia 2003;1(3):389-404.
QDOSRWHQFLDLVHYRFDGRVHOHWURFRUWLFRJUD¿DHHOHWURPDJ- 8. Tascioglu AO, Tascioglu AB. Ventricular anatomy: illustrations and concepts
from antiquity to Renaissance. Neuroanatomy 2005;4:57-63.
QHWRFRWLFRJUD¿DFRQIHUHXPSDGUmRPXOWLPRGDOQDVLQWHU- 9. Zago S, Meraviglia MV. Costanzo Varolio (1543-1575). Journal of neurology
SUHWDo}HVGDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHUHFXSHUDomR27 2009;256(7):1195-6.
10. Caplan L. Posterior circulation ischemia: then, now, and tomorrow. The
2V XVRV GHVVHV FRQFHLWRV LQWHJUDWLYRV QD FRP- Thomas Willis Lecture-2000. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation
2000;31(8):2011-23.
SUHHQVmRGRIXQFLRQDPHQWRFHUHEUDOHVXDVGRHQoDVPRWL-
11. van Gijn J. Franciscus Sylvius (1614–1672). Journal of neurology
YDUDPGRLVSURMHWRVUHFHQWHVPXOWLFrQWULFRVFRQ¿UPDQGR 2001;248(10):915-6.
12. Parent A. Felix Vicq d’Azyr: anatomy, medicine and revolution. The Cana-
RLQWHUHVVHGDFRPXQLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDLQWHUQDFLRQDO2SUL- dian journal of neurological sciences Le journal canadien des sciences neu-
PHLUR7KH+XPDQ&RQQHFWRPH3URMHFWLQFOXLFLHQWLVWDV rologiques 2007;34(1):30-7.
13. Caputi F, Spaziante R, de Divitiis E, Nashold BS, Jr. Luigi Rolando and his
GD8QLYHUVLGDGHGD&DOLIyUQLDHP/RV$QJHOHV8&/$ SLRQHHULQJ HRUWV WR UHODWH VWUXFWXUH WR IXQFWLRQ LQ WKH QHUYRXV V\VWHP
GR 0DVVDFKXVVHWV *HQHUDO +RVSLWDO GD 8QLYHUVLGDGH GH Journal of neurosurgery 1995;83(5):933-7.
14. Zola-Morgan S. Localization of brain function: The legacy of Franz Joseph
:DVKLQJWRQ H GD 8QLYHUVLGDGH GR 0LQQHVRWD REMHWLYD Gall (1758-1828). Annual review of neuroscience 1995;18(1):359-83.
15. Dronkers NF, Plaisant O, Iba-Zizen MT, Cabanis EA. Paul Broca’s historic
HVWXGDU XP PLOKmR H GX]HQWRV PLO LQGLYtGXRV VDXGiYHLV
cases: high resolution MR imaging of the brains of Leborgne and Lelong.
XVDQGRDVPDFURYLDVGHDVVRFLDomRHLPDJHQVHVWUXWXUDLV Brain: a journal of neurology 2007;130(Pt 5):1432-41.
16. Gusmão S, Silveira RL, Filho GC. Broca e o nascimento da moderna neuro-
DXPFXVWRGHPLOK}HVGHGyODUHV2VHJXQGR+X- cirurgia. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 2000;58(4):1149-52.
PDQ%UDLQ3URMHFWODQoDGRHPRXWXEURGHHQYROYH \WFKH'+&DWDQL0%H\RQGORFDOL]DWLRQIURPKRGRORJ\WRIXQFWLRQ3KL-
losophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological
SDtVHVHLQVWLWXLo}HVWHQGRFRPR¿QDOLGDGHGHVHQ- sciences 2005;360(1456):767-79.
YROYHUWHFQRORJLDGHLQIRUPDomRHFRPXQLFDomRSDUDSUR- 18. Jones EG. Cortical maps and modern phrenology. Brain: a journal of neuro-
logy 2008;131(8):2227-33.
GX]LU XP PRGHOR FRPSXWDFLRQDO TXH VLPXOH XP FpUHEUR 19. Meyer A. Karl Friedrich Burdach and his place in the history of neuroana-
tomy. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 1970;33(5):553-
HPIXQFLRQDPHQWRFRPXPRUoDPHQWRXPELOKmRGHHX-
61.
URVFXVWHDGRSHOD&RPXQLGDGH(XURSHLD 20. Geschwind N. The organization of language and the brain. Science
1970;170(3961):940-4.
$VVLPVHQGRRSUHVHQWHDUWLJRSURFXURXGDUXPD 21. Pillmann F. Carl Wernicke (1848–1905). Journal of neurology
YLVmRDEUDQJHQWHGDVFRUUHODo}HVHQWUHRVGLIHUHQWHVDFKD- 2003;250(11):1390-1.
22. Dini LI. Estudo anatômico da substância branca do lobo frontal: da técni-
GRV SHUPLWLQGR DVVRFLDU HVVDV GHVFREHUWDV DRV DYDQoRV FDGH.OLQJOHU¢GLVVHF©¥RYLUWXDOSRUUHVVRQ¤QFLDPDJQ«WLFDWUDFWRJUDȴD
TXHVHVXFHGHUDP3RUVHWUDWDUGHXPDYLVmRJHUDOVREUH Porto Alegre - RS: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da
Saúde; 2010.
DKLVWyULDHVVDHVWiVXMHLWDDIDOKDVQRHQWDQWRXPROKDU 23. Steinberg DA. Cerebral localization in the nineteenth century--the birth of a
science and its modern consequences. Journal of the history of the neuros-
DPSORVREUHRVIDWRVSRGHVHU~WLOSDUDDSURIXQGDPHQWRV
ciences 2009;18(3):254-61.
posteriores. &DWDQL0\WFKH'+7KHULVHVDQGIDOOVRIGLVFRQQHFWLRQV\QGURPHV%UDLQ
: a journal of neurology 2005;128(Pt 10):2224-39.
25. Tranel D, Damasio H, Damasio AR. A neural basis for the retrieval of con-
CONFLITOS DE INTERESSE ceptual knowledge. Neuropsychologia 1997;35(10):1319-27.
&DWDQL0-RQHV'.\WFKH'+3HULV\OYLDQODQJXDJHQHWZRUNVRIWKHKX-
2VDXWRUHVGHFODUDPQmRKDYHUFRQÀLWRVGHLQWH- man brain. Annals of neurology 2005;57(1):8-16.
'HVPXUJHW 0 %RQQHWEODQF ) 'XDX + &RQWUDVWLQJ DFXWH DQG VORZ-
UHVVHDVHUHPGHFODUDGRV
-growing lesions: a new door to brain plasticity. Brain : a journal of neuro-
logy. 2007;130(Pt 4):898-914.
7KHKXPDQFRQQHFWRPHSURMHFW>DFHVVRHPGHPDLR@GLVSRQ¯YHOHP
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org
+XJKHV-77KH(GZLQ6PLWK6XUJLFDO3DS\UXVDQDQDO\VLVRIWKHȴUVWFDVH
+XPDQEUDLQSURMHFW>DFHVVRHPGHPDLR@'LVSRQ¯YHOHPKWWSV
reports of spinal cord injuries. Paraplegia 1988;26(2):71-82.
www.humanbrainproject.eu.
2. Shoja MM, Tubbs RS. The history of anatomy in Persia. Journal of anatomy
2007;210(4):359-78.
3. Blits KC. Aristotle: form, function, and comparative anatomy. The Anatomi-