Prémio Pulitzer de Biografia ou Autobiografia

O Prémio Pulitzer de Biografia ou Autobiografia é um dos sete Prémios Pulitzer que são atribuídos anualmente nas áreas das Letras, Teatro e Música. Tem sido entregue desde 1917 a uma biografia ou autobiografia notável executada por um escritor ou co-autores Norte-americanos, publicada durante o ano precedente. Este é um dos Pulitzers originais, tendo o programa começado em 1917 com sete prémios, quatro dos quais entregues nesse ano.

Os finalistas têm sido anunciados desde 1980, geralmente dois para além do vencedor.

Vencedores

Nos seus primeiros 97 anos até 2013, o Pulitzer de Biografia foi atribuído 97 vezes. Dois foram entregues em 1938, nenhum em 1962.

1910s

• 1917: Julia Ward Howe de Laura E. Richards e Maud Howe Elliott, assistido por Florence Howe Hall
• 1918: Benjamin Franklin, Self-Revealed de William Cabell Bruce
• 1919: The Education of Henry Adams de Henry Adams

1920s

• 1920: The Life of John Marshall, 4 vols. de Albert J. Beveridge
• 1921: The Americanization of Edward Bok de Edward Bok
• 1922: A Daughter of the Middle Border de Hamlin Garland
• 1923: The Life and Letters of Walter H. Page de Burton J. Hendrick
• 1924: From Immigrant to Inventor de Michael I. Pupin
• 1925: Barrett Wendell and His Letters de M. A. Dewolfe Howe
• 1926: The Life of Sir William Osler, 2 vols. de Harvey Cushing
• 1927: Whitman de Emory Holloway
• 1928: The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas de Charles Edward Russell
• 1929: The Training of an American: The Earlier Life and Letters of Walter H. Page de Burton J. Hendrick

1930s

• 1930: The Raven: A Biography of Sam Houston by Marquis James
• 1931: Charles W. Eliot, President of Harvard University, 1869-1901 by Henry James
• 1932: Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography by Henry F. Pringle
• 1933: Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage de Allan Nevins
• 1934: John Hay de Tyler Dennett
• 1935: R. E. Lee de Douglas S. Freeman
• 1936: The Thought and Character of William James de Ralph Barton Perry
• 1937: Hamilton Fish de Allan Nevins
• 1938: Pedlar's Progress: The Life of Bronson Alcott de Odell Shepard
• 1938: Andrew Jackson, 2 vols. de Marquis James
• 1939: Benjamin Franklin de Carl Van Doren

1940s

• 1940: Woodrow Wilson, Life and Letters. Vols. VII and VIII de Ray Stannard Baker
• 1941: Jonathan Edwards, 1703-1758: a biography de Ola Elizabeth Winslow
• 1942: Crusader in Crinoline: The Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe de Forrest Wilson
• 1943: Admiral of the Ocean Sea de Samuel Eliot Morison
• 1944: The American Leonardo: The Life of Samuel F. B. Morse de Carleton Mabee
• 1945: George Bancroft: Brahmin Rebel de Russel Blaine Nye
• 1946: Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir de Linnie Marsh Wolfe
• 1947: The Autobiography of William Allen White de William Allen White
• 1948: Forgotten First Citizen: John Bigelow de Margaret Clapp
• 1949: Roosevelt and Hopkins de Robert E. Sherwood

1950s

• 1950: John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy de Samuel Flagg Bemis
• 1951: John C. Calhoun: American Portrait de Margaret Louise Coit
• 1952: Charles Evans Hughes de Merlo J. Pusey
• 1953: Edmund Pendleton 1721–1803 de David J. Mays
• 1954: The Spirit of St. Louis de Charles A. Lindbergh
• 1955: The Taft Story de William S. White
• 1956: Benjamin Henry Latrobe de Talbot Faulkner Hamlin
• 1957: Profiles in Courage de John F. Kennedy
• 1958: George Washington, Volumes I-VI de Douglas Southall Freeman, e Volume VII, escrito por John Alexander Carroll e Mary Wells Ashworth após a morte do Dr. Freeman em 1953
• 1959: Woodrow Wilson, American Prophet de Arthur Walworth

1960s

• 1960: John Paul Jones de Samuel Eliot Morison
• 1961: Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War de David Donald
• 1962: não foi entregue o prémio 
• 1963: Henry James de Leon Edel
• 1964: John Keats de Walter Jackson Bate
• 1965: Henry Adams, 3 vols., de Ernest Samuels
• 1966: A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House de Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
• 1967: Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain de Justin Kaplan
• 1968: Memoirs de George Frost Kennan
• 1969: The Man From New York: John Quinn and His Friends de Benjamin Lawrence Reid

1970s

• 1970: Huey Long de Thomas Harry Williams
• 1971: Robert Frost : The Years of Triumph, 1915–1938, de Lawrence Thompson
• 1972: Eleanor and Franklin de Joseph P. Lash
• 1973: Luce and His Empire de W. A. Swanberg
• 1974: O'Neill, Son and Artist de Louis Sheaffer
• 1975: The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York de Robert Caro
• 1976: Edith Wharton: A Biography de R. W. B. Lewis
• 1977: A Prince of Our Disorder: The Life of T. E. Lawrence de John E. Mack
• 1978: Samuel Johnson de Walter Jackson Bate
• 1979: Days of Sorrow and Pain: Leo Baeck and the Berlin Jews de Leonard Baker

1980s

Os registos a partir daqui incluem os finalistas listados após o vencedor de cada ano.

• 1980: The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt de Edmund Morris
  • Being Bernard Berenson de Meryle Secrest
  • Bernard Berenson, The Making of a Connoisseur de Ernest Samuels
  • The Duke of Deception de Geoffrey Wolff
• 1981: Peter the Great: His Life and World de Robert K. Massie
  • Walt Whitman: A Life de Justin Kaplan
  • Walter Lippmann and the American Century de Ronald Steel
• 1982: Grant: A Biography de William S. McFeely
  • Mornings on Horseback de David McCullough
  • Waldo Emerson de Gay Wilson Allen
• 1983: Growing Up de Russell Baker
  • Churchill: Young Man in a Hurry, 1874–1915 de Ted Morgan
  • Thomas E. Dewey and His Times de Richard Norton Smith
• 1984: Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901–1915 de Louis R. Harlan
  • Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett Just by Kenneth Manning
  • Thomas Carlyle: A Biography de Fred Kaplan
• 1985: The Life and Times of Cotton Mather de Kenneth Silverman
  • Becoming William James de Howard M. Feinstein
  • The Seven Mountains of Thomas Merton de Michael Mott
• 1986: Louise Bogan: A Portrait de Elizabeth Frank
  • A Hidden Childhood: A Jewish Girl's Sanctuary in a French Convent, 1942–1945 de Frida Scheps Weinstein
  • George Washington Williams: A Biography de John Hope Franklin
• 1987: Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference de David J. Garrow
  • Dostoevsky: The Stir of Liberation, 1860–1865 de Joseph Frank
  • Murrow: His Life and Times by A.M. Sperber
  • The Life and Times of Congressman John Quincy Adams de Leonard L. Richards
• 1988: Look Homeward: A Life of Thomas Wolfe de David Herbert Donald
  • George Santayana: A Biography de John Owen McCormick
  • Hemingway de Kenneth S. Lynn
• 1989: Oscar Wilde de Richard Ellmann
  • A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam de Neil Sheehan
  • Freud: A Life for Our Time de Peter Gay
  • The Life of Langston Hughes: Volume II, 1941–1967: I Dream a World de Arnold Rampersad

1990s

• 1990: Machiavelli in Hell de Sebastian de Grazia
  • A First-Class Temperament: The Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt de Geoffrey C. Ward
  • Clear Pictures: First Loves, First Guides de Reynolds Price
  • The Road From Coorain de Jill Ker Conway
• 1991: Jackson Pollock: An American Saga de Steven Naifeh e Gregory White Smith
  • Alfred I. Du Pont: The Man and His Family de Joseph Frazier Wall
  • The Five of Hearts: An Intimate Portrait of Henry Adams and His Friends 1880–1918 de Patricia O'Toole
• 1992: Fortunate Son: The Autobiography of Lewis B. Puller Jr. de Lewis B. Puller
  • Frederick Douglass by William S. McFeely
  • Orwell: The Authorized Biography de Michael Shelden
• 1993: Truman de David McCullough
  • Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman de James Gleick
  • Kissinger de Walter Isaacson
• 1994: W. E. B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868–1919 de David Levering Lewis
  • Genet: A Biography de Edmund White
  • In Extremis: The Life of Laura Riding de Deborah Baker
• 1995: Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life de Joan D. Hedrick
  • Hugo Black: A Biography de Roger K. Newman
  • Saint-Exupery: A Biography de Stacy Schiff
• 1996: God: A Biography de Jack Miles
  • John Sloan: Painter and Rebel de John Loughery
  • Mozart: A Life de Maynard Solomon
• 1997: Angela's Ashes: A Memoir de Frank McCourt
  • Herman Melville: A Biography, Volume 1, 1819–1851 de Hershel Parker
  • In the Wilderness: Coming of Age in Unknown Country de Kim Barnes
• 1998: Personal History de Katharine Graham
  • Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public-Private Life de James H. Jones
  • Whittaker Chambers: A Biography de Sam Tanenhaus
• 1999: Lindbergh de A. Scott Berg
  • A Beautiful Mind de Sylvia Nasar
  • Gray At Home with the Marquis de Sade: A Life de Francine du Plessix

2000s

• 2000: Vera, Mrs. Vladimir Nabokov de Stacy Schiff
  • Clear Springs: A Memoir de Bobbie Ann Mason
  • Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love de Dava Sobel
• 2001: W. E. B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century 1919-1963 de David Levering Lewis
  • Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician de Christoph Wolff
  • The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin de H.W. Brands
• 2002: John Adams de David McCullough
  • An Hour Before Daylight: Memories of a Rural Boyhood de Jimmy Carter
  • Grant de Jean Edward Smith
• 2003: Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson de Robert Caro
  • Beethoven: The Music and the Life de Lewis Lockwood
  • The Fly Swatter by Nicholas Dawidoff
• 2004: Khrushchev: The Man and His Era de William Taubman
  • Arshile Gorky: His Life and Work de Hayden Herrera
  • Isaac Newton de James Gleick
• 2005: de Kooning: An American Master de Mark Stevens e Annalyn Swan
  • Under a Wild Sky: John James Audubon and the Making of The Birds of America by William Souder
  • Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare de Stephen Greenblatt
• 2006: American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer de Kai Bird e Martin J. Sherwin
  • The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism de Megan Marshall
  • The Year of Magical Thinking de Joan Didion
• 2007: The Most Famous Man in America de Debby Applegate
  • Andrew Carnegie de David Nasaw
  • John Wilkes: The Scandalous Father of Civil Liberty de Arthur H. Cash
• 2008: Eden's Outcasts: The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father de John Matteson
  • The Life of Kingsley Amis de Zachary Leader
  • The Worlds of Lincoln Kirstein de Martin Duberman
• 2009: American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House de Jon Meacham
  • The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century de Steve Coll
  • Traitor to His Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt de H.W. Brands

2010s

• 2010: The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt de T.J. Stiles
  • Cheever: A Life de Blake Bailey
  • Woodrow Wilson: A Biography de John Milton Cooper, Jr.
• 2011: Washington: A Life de Ron Chernow
  • Mrs. Adams in Winter: A Journey in the Last Days of Napoleon de Michael O'Brien
  • The Publisher: Henry Luce and His American Century de Alan Brinkley
• 2012: George F. Kennan: An American Life de John Lewis Gaddis
  • Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention de Manning Marable
  • Love and Capital: Karl and Jenny Marx and the Birth of a Revolution de Mary Gabriel
• 2013: The Black Count: Glory, Revolution, Betrayal, and the Real Count of Monte Cristo de Tom Reiss
  • Portrait of a Novel: Henry James and the Making of an American Masterpiece de Michael Gorra
  • The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy de David Nasaw
• 2014: Margaret Fuller: A New American Life de Megan Marshall
  • Jonathan Swift: His Life and His World de Leo Damrosch
  • Karl Marx: A Nineteenth-Century Life de Jonathan Sperber
• 2015: The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe de David I. Kertzer
  • Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism de Thomas Brothers
  • Stalin: Volume I: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928 de Stephen Kotkin
• 2016: Barbarian Days: A Surfing Life de William Finnegan
  • Custer's Trials: A Life on the Frontier of a New America de T. J. Stiles
  • The Light of the World: A Memior de Elizabeth Alexander

Vencedores repetentes

Ninguém venceu o Pulitzer de Biografia ou Autiobiografia três vezes. Onze pessoas venceram duas vezes:

• Burton J. Hendrick, 1923, 1929
• Marquis James, 1930, 1938
• Allan Nevins, 1933, 1937
• Douglas S. Freeman, 1935, 1958
• Samuel Eliot Morison, 1943, 1960
• David Herbert Donald, 1961, 1988
• Walter Jackson Bate, 1964, 1978
• Robert Caro, 1975, 2003
• David McCullough, 1993, 2002
• David Levering Lewis, 1994, 2001

W. A. Swanberg foi seleccionado pelo Conselho Pulitzer em 1962 e 1973 mas os curadores revogaram o prémio de 1962 prize para Citizen Hearst.

Ver também

• Prémio Pulitzer de História