Hoe Ee Khor

Princeton University, Economics, Alumnus

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Chief Economist of ASEAN 3 Macroeconomic Research Office, an international organizaton which was set up to conduct macroeconomic surveillance for East Asia in order to contribute to macroeconomic and financial stability of the region. Deputy Director of Asian and Pacific Department of the IMF from 2011-2016. Chief Economist of the Abu Dhabi Council for Economic Development from 2009-2010Assistant Managing Director at Monetary Authority of Singapore overseeing monetary policy, macrofinancial stability, and international relation from 1996-2009.

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Part IV: Removing Structural Impediments to Growth

Chapter 6. Global and Regional Spillovers to Pacific Island Countries

Chapter 3. Building Resilience in the Pacific Island Countries

ASEAN+3 Regional Financial Cooperation in Retrospect

WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks, May 23, 2022

Fiji: Background Material

Growth (percent change) Population Real GDP (at factor cost) Sugarcane output Tourist arrivals In... more Growth (percent change) Population Real GDP (at factor cost) Sugarcane output Tourist arrivals Inflation (percent change) Consumer prices (period average) I/ Real wages Terms of trade (percent change) 2/ Employment (percent change) Unemployment rate (in percent) Money and credit (percent change) Domestic credit (net) Government Other official entities Private sector Broad money (M2) Investment and savings (percent of GDP) Gross domestic investment Gross national savings Central government budget (percent of GDP) Revenue and grants Total expenditure Current Capital Overall balance Balance of payments (US$ mn.) Exports, f.o.b. Imports, f.o.b. Net services and transfers Current account balance (In percent of GDP) Capital account balance 3/ Overall balance/deficit (-) Gross official reserves (US$ mn.; end of period) (In months of imports, c.i.f.) External debt (US$ mn.; end of period) (In percent of GDP) Debt service (US$ mn.) (In percent of exports of goods and services) Exchange rate (end of period) Nominal effective rate 4/ Real effective rate 4/ FSperUSS Quota = SDR 51. 1 million Income (1993) GDP per capita (current US$) Health Population per physician ('000) Population per nurse ('000) Access to safe water (percent of population) (1990) Total Urban Rural Education Pupil-teacher ratio Primary Secondary Energy (1992) Energy consumption per capita (kg. of oil equivalent) Source: World Bank, Social Indicators of Development, 1994; and IMF, Recent Economic Developments reports, various issues. I/ Provisional population estimates, 1994. 21 Ratio of population defined as dependent (under 15 and over 64 years) to the working-age population (15-64).

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China's Foreign Currency Swap Market

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1994

Belt and Road Initiative: A Framework to Address Challenges and Unlock Potential for High-Quality and Inclusive Growth

The Singapore Economic Review, Jun 27, 2019

Developing economies, especially emerging market economies (EMEs), face complex challenges in inv... more Developing economies, especially emerging market economies (EMEs), face complex challenges in investing for growth, including building infrastructure. Many developing economies are trying to sustain the growth catch-up process, and manage disruptions related to transition to the “new economy”, as well as headwinds from protectionist tendencies in trade and technology. Investing for the long term — including in infrastructure — has therefore become a critical issue. In this context, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has captured the imagination of the world. An ambitious initiative involving more than 70 countries collaborating through investments in infrastructure, it seeks to improve connectivity for cross-border trade and investment, and generate economic benefits for the countries involved. It seeks to address large infrastructure gaps and build capacities for growth. And it helps countries unable to get affordable financing for plugging savings-investment shortfalls. However, the BRI has drawn criticisms over China’s underlying geopolitical motives, and BRI partner countries have been warned of the risk of becoming heavily indebted or getting locked into business platforms created by China. This paper aims to contribute to the policy debate over the BRI from an ASEAN perspective. It analyzes the reasons for the persistent infrastructure investment gaps in EMEs from an ASEAN perspective; assesses whether BRI is more of a development opportunity or a debt trap; outlines a framework to address the risks and concerns in order to unlock the potential benefits; and uses case studies both outside of and within the ASEAN region to distil key themes needing policy attention.

An Asian Response to International Financial Reforms

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 1, 2010

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Asia: A Perspective on the Subprime Crisis

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Feb 15, 2008

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Appendix 1. Fiji

Chapter 12. Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanisms in Pacific Island Countries

Appendix 12. Vanuatu

Chapter 2. Raising Potential Growth and Enhancing Resilience to Shocks

Part II: Managing External Spillovers, Shocks, and Vulnerabilities

Appendix 7. Samoa

Chapter 4. The Pacific Speed of Growth: How Fast Can It Be and What Determines It?

Chapter 17. Determinants of Interest Rate Spreads in the Solomon Islands

Appendix 9. Timor-Leste

Appendix 11. Tuvalu

Appendix 8. The Solomon Islands

Part IV: Removing Structural Impediments to Growth

Chapter 6. Global and Regional Spillovers to Pacific Island Countries

Chapter 3. Building Resilience in the Pacific Island Countries

ASEAN+3 Regional Financial Cooperation in Retrospect

WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks, May 23, 2022

Fiji: Background Material

Download

China's Foreign Currency Swap Market

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1994

Belt and Road Initiative: A Framework to Address Challenges and Unlock Potential for High-Quality and Inclusive Growth

The Singapore Economic Review, Jun 27, 2019

An Asian Response to International Financial Reforms

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 1, 2010

Download

Asia: A Perspective on the Subprime Crisis

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Feb 15, 2008

Download

Appendix 1. Fiji

Chapter 12. Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanisms in Pacific Island Countries

Appendix 12. Vanuatu

Chapter 2. Raising Potential Growth and Enhancing Resilience to Shocks

Part II: Managing External Spillovers, Shocks, and Vulnerabilities

Appendix 7. Samoa

Chapter 4. The Pacific Speed of Growth: How Fast Can It Be and What Determines It?

Chapter 17. Determinants of Interest Rate Spreads in the Solomon Islands

Appendix 9. Timor-Leste

Appendix 11. Tuvalu

Appendix 8. The Solomon Islands

AMRO AREO 2024 4Apr Full report

by Hoe Ee Khor, Allen Ng, and Catharine Kho

ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office , 2024

The eighth issue of the ASEAN+3 Regional Economic Outlook (AREO 2024) provides AMRO staff’s compr... more The eighth issue of the ASEAN+3 Regional Economic Outlook (AREO 2024) provides AMRO staff’s comprehensive assessment of conjunctural and structural issues in the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China; Hong Kong, China; Japan; and Korea.

Growth of the ASEAN+3 region is forecast at 4.5 percent this year. The stronger growth momentum will be mainly driven by robust domestic demand, with the anticipated turnaround in exports and the continued recovery of tourism providing additional tailwinds.

AREO 2024 also delves into three major trends—aging, global trade reconfiguration, and rapid technological change. These trends are interacting in complex ways that make ASEAN+3’s long-term growth trajectory more opaque. Themed Navigating Tomorrow, this year’s thematic chapter focuses on how to navigate these cross-currents, managing their risks while taking advantage of the growth opportunities they offer.

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Hoe Ee Khor

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