The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, Dec 28, 2023
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds, which... more Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds, which are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins with antioxidant properties, can mitigate the negative effects on male reproductive function caused by cyclophosphamide, a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent. Methods: Male wistar rats are divided into seven groups (n=6). All groups except the normal control (NC) received cyclophosphamide (30mg/kg, i.p.) for the first 5 days. The standard group received clomiphene citrate (0.25 mg/kg, p.o.). Treatment groups T1%, T5%, T10%, and ω-3 received 1%, 5%, and 10% chia seeds in the diet, and 880 mg/kg omega-3 fatty acid (p.o) respectively for 15 days. The effect on the reproductive system was evaluated by analysis of epididymal sperm characteristics, biochemical parameters, and serum testosterone level. Results: Clomiphene citrate improved oligospermia via hormone mediated effect. Chia seeds and omega-3 fatty acid treatment also showed improvement in reproductive parameters including oxidative stress and histological features of the testes. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment was more effective for the prevention of cyclophosphamide toxicity on testes as compared to chia seeds. Nasal bleeding was noted in several animals subjected to chia seed treatment. This occurrence might be attributed to chia seeds’ impact on coagulation and/or platelet function, potentially heightened due to chemotherapy associated bone marrow suppression. Conclusions: In our study, chia seeds as well as omega-3 fatty acid treatment were found to be protective against cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. However, the adverse effect of hemorrhage associated with drug interaction of chia seeds with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs needs careful attention and further investigation.investigation.Open in a separate windowGraphical Abstract
Background: The primary aim of this study is to identify the most active fraction from Urena loba... more Background: The primary aim of this study is to identify the most active fraction from Urena lobata leaves and subsequently evaluate the analgesic and antioxidant accomplishments of the identified potent extract. The focus is on determining the fraction with the highest efficacy for potential therapeutic applications. Methods: U. lobata leaves were consecutively extracted with solvents like n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The concentrated fractions underwent initial phytochemical screening. The fraction exhibiting the highest activity, as determined by the carrageenan model, was further evaluated for its analgesic potential through the hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing methods. In-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH and FRAP assays. Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of U. lobata leaf fractions exposed the presence of steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, and flavonoids. In the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model, the ethyl acetate fraction of U. lobata leaf (ULEAF) demonstrated the highest anti-inflammatory effects, comparable to the standard drug Diclofenac sodium. Evaluation of analgesic potential using the hot-plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test showed dose-dependent efficacy, with 500 mg/kg ULEAF exhibiting effects similar to ibuprofen. In vitro, antioxidant assays indicated potent radical scavenging and reducing power in the ethyl acetate fraction. Conclusion: In conclusion, U. lobata leaf fractions exhibited potent anti-inflammatory properties, with the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrating notable analgesic and antioxidant activity. These findings support the plant's therapeutic potential for further exploration in pharmaceutical development.
International research journal of pharmacy, Oct 9, 2019
The present study investigated the acute and sub acute toxicity of Tab Pcosbless a standardized e... more The present study investigated the acute and sub acute toxicity of Tab Pcosbless a standardized extract formulation developed for the management of Poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in experimental animals. The raw materials were standardized by gravimetric, HPTLC, pH (1.0 % Solution), Loss on drying and Water soluble extractive methods for their respective bioactive marker compounds. In acute toxicity study, Tab Pcosbless was administered orally at doses 2000 mg/kg and the animals were observed for any toxic symptoms up to the period of 14 days. The results indicated there were no toxic symptoms seen at the dose level of 2000 mg/kg. In sub acute toxicity study, Tab Pcosbless was tested at the doses 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg once daily for 28 days. The animals were sacrificed on the 29 th day and various blood biochemical parameters were measured. The liver, kidney, heart, spleen, testis (male), ovary (female), and lungs were processed for histopathological study. The results of the sub acute toxicity study did not show evidence of any abnormal changes in body weight, food intake, water intake, haematological parameters, liver function test (LFT), and renal function test (RFT) when compared with the normal animals. The female animals treated with formulation had prominent follicles developing in ovaries as observed in gross necropsy and histopathology. The vital organs of animals treated with Tab Pcosbless for 28 days did not show any histopathological evidence of pathological lesions. From the results it was concluded that Tab Pcosbless at the dose of 2000 mg/kg is safe for treatment in Poly cystic ovarian syndrome.
International journal of research in ayurveda and pharmacy, May 5, 2016
Anogeissus acuminata (family Combretaceae) is a plant widely distributed in western parts of Indi... more Anogeissus acuminata (family Combretaceae) is a plant widely distributed in western parts of India like North Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh. Parts of this plant are used in treatment of different conditions in traditional medicine. The plant is also used in other parts of world such as Thailand for treatment of diabetes mellitus. The plant is evaluated for various pharmacological actions. However, systematic phytochemical data for the plant is lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the methanolic extract of plant qualitatively and quantitatively. The methanolic extract of the leaves and bark of plant were found to possess abundant phenolic compounds namely, tannins and flavonoids. Quantitative determination of these extract revealed a presence of 24.57 and 13.63 %w/w tannin and 14.5 and 57% w/w flavonoids in leaf and bark extract respectively. HPTLC fingerprinting analysis of methanolic extract of leaf and bark with mobile phase (toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (4.5:3.0:0.2,v/v/v) confirmed the presence of four peaks in both the extracts with different Rf values at 254nm.
Abstract Glucose transporters are proteins, which facilitate glucose (and related substance) tran... more Abstract Glucose transporters are proteins, which facilitate glucose (and related substance) transport across cell membrane. As glucose is vital to all cells of body, so are glucose transporters. Recent advances in technology have revealed lot of new information about structural and functional characteristics of these proteins. There are three families of glucose transporters, GLUTs, SGLTs, and newly added SWEETs. These families are further divided in several subtypes. Individual transporters differ in their gating characteristics, transport kinetics, and expression regulatory mechanisms. Some of these transporters have been implicated in pathophysiology of various diseases. Accordingly, they are potential targets of several drug therapies. Further, there is a pressing need of studies to reveal more about their function and distribution. This chapter gives an updated account of information, which may be useful to researchers involved in pharmacology and biochemistry.
pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) using in vitro and in vi... more pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods: LMWF was administered to diabetic rats at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg body weight by intragastric administration. Following 12 weeks of treatment, we measured body and kidney weight, blood glucose, blood pressure, creatinine and urea concentration in serum and urine, urine output, urinary osmolality, and urinary protein excretion. a-SMA, E-cadherin, fibronectin, TGF-b1, and CTGF were measured by Western blot to evaluate the level of epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT). Results: 10 ng/ml TGF-b1 induced EMT and activated downstream pathways in HK2 cells. Treatment with LMWF significantly reversed EMT and dose-dependently inhibited accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, including connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin. In type 1 and type 2 diabetic rat models, it was found that diabetes resulted in TGF-b signalling activation and increased expression of TGF-b downstream signals in the kidneys. LMWF significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood creatinine compared with the untreated type 1 diabetic group. LMWF also significantly reduced BUN and blood creatinine compared with the untreated type 2 diabetic group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that LMWF treatment attenuated renal dysfunction and fibrogenesis in the kidneys of type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats. The present study suggests that LMWF may be developed as a candidate drug to prevent or inhibit fibrotic progression in DN.
International Journal of Phytopharmacy, Jun 30, 2014
Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) is an ornamental plant of European origin. It has been used in ... more Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) is an ornamental plant of European origin. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer. Mice bearing Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC mice) were treated with methanolic extract (165 mg/kg), ethyl acetate soluble fraction (30 mg/kg) and combination of both extracts of Thuja occidentalis. Inhibition of tumor growth, increase in survival time of animal with treatment, and hematological parameters were determined. Both extracts exerted tumor growth inhibitory activity in mice bearing EAC. Combination treatment of two extracts showed more pronounced effect. In conclusion, Methanolic and ethyl acetate soluble extracts of Thuja occidentalis exhibit anticancer activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. Thus, it has anticancer potential and should be
: OSCC (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma) is a major health challenge in many parts of the world. It ... more : OSCC (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma) is a major health challenge in many parts of the world. It occurs most commonly in males and is associated with tobacco, pan, or areca nut consumption. One of the major challenges associated with the management of OSCC is late diagnosis. As a result, the treatment required is more aggressive, expensive, and has poor prognostic value. On the other hand, early diagnosis of OSCC can be life-saving with less aggressive treatment and a better prognosis. A diagnostic method for early diagnosis of OSCC is greatly needed. A lot of research efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that can act as tools to classify the tumor status of the patient. Various biological fluids and tissues have been explored for such studies. Saliva appears to be the most attractive biological sample with many potential advantages over other matrices such as blood or tissue. Saliva as a diagnostic fluid has the advantage of ample availability, being non-invasive and being in the vicinity of the tumor, and having a less complex composition. Our paper provides an updated review of the state of the art of research in the area of salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The paper gives an account of methods for saliva collection, followed by a brief description of various protein biomarkers discovered to date, along with their status quo.
Glucose is a primary energy source for most cells and an important substrate for many biochemical... more Glucose is a primary energy source for most cells and an important substrate for many biochemical reactions. As glucose is a need of each and every cell of the body, so are the glucose transporters. Consequently, all cells express these important proteins on their surface. In recent years developments in genetics have shed new light on the types and physiology of various glucose transporters, of which there are two main types-sodium-glucose linked transporters (SGLTs) and facilitated diffusion glucose transporters (GLUT)-which can be divided into many more subclasses. Transporters differ in terms of their substrate specificity, distribution and regulatory mechanisms. Glucose transporters have also received much attention as therapeutic targets for various diseases. In this review, we attempt to present a simplified view of this complex topic which may be of interest to researchers involved in biochemical and pharmacological research.
cardioprotection. Glibenclamide is an anti-diabetic drug which acts by blocking ATP sensitive pot... more cardioprotection. Glibenclamide is an anti-diabetic drug which acts by blocking ATP sensitive potassium channels. 5 Such drugs that act by modulating potassium currents might have potential activity against convulsion. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the anticonvulsant potential of glibenclamide on MES and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure activity in mice. This study provides an idea on emerging K + channel modulator with potential for development as new and improved nervous system therapeutic agent besides its use in diabetes mellitus. Methods Animals Albino mice of Wistar strain (25-30 g, age 7 months) of either sex were obtained from the animal house of Parul Institute of Pharmacy. The animals were individually housed in colony rooms with 12/12 h light/dark cycle at 21 ± 2°C and had free access to food and water. The experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Parul Institute of Pharmacy. Chemicals and Drugs All chemicals and drugs used were of commercial grade.These included diazepam, glibenclamide and 3% Tween 80. Glibenclamide was dissolved in 2% acacia and administered orally at time of experiment.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Objective: The present work deals with the designing, scoring, synthesis and, characterization of... more Objective: The present work deals with the designing, scoring, synthesis and, characterization of 1-(4-(2-(4-Substitutedphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl)phenylsulfonyl)-3-(4-substitutedbenzoyl)urea (5A-5B),1-(4-(2-(4-substitutedphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl)phenylsulfonyl)-3-(4-substituted-benzoyl)guanidine(5C-5E) and, 1-(4-Substitutedbenzoyl)-3-(4-(2-oxo-2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)phenylsulfonyl)urea (5F-5H) based derivatives as hypoglycemic agents.Methods: Docking calculations were performed to predict the binding affinity between the AKR1C1 complexes and sulphonylureas compounds using the Glide docking program. Docking studies on LigPrep treated ligands were carried out to predict the binding pocket of protein 4YVP using the docking program. The QikProp program was used to predict the ADME/T properties of the analogues. All these newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in vivo hypoglycemic activity by most relevant animal models like alloxan-induced diabetic rats by measuring blood pla...
: OSCC (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma) is a major health challenge in many parts of the world. It ... more : OSCC (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma) is a major health challenge in many parts of the world. It occurs most commonly in males and is associated with tobacco, pan, or areca nut consumption. One of the major challenges associated with the management of OSCC is late diagnosis. As a result, the treatment required is more aggressive, expensive, and has poor prognostic value. On the other hand, early diagnosis of OSCC can be life-saving with less aggressive treatment and a better prognosis. A diagnostic method for early diagnosis of OSCC is greatly needed. A lot of research efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that can act as tools to classify the tumor status of the patient. Various biological fluids and tissues have been explored for such studies. Saliva appears to be the most attractive biological sample with many potential advantages over other matrices such as blood or tissue. Saliva as a diagnostic fluid has the advantage of ample availability, being non-invasive and being in the vicinity of the tumor, and having a less complex composition. Our paper provides an updated review of the state of the art of research in the area of salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The paper gives an account of methods for saliva collection, followed by a brief description of various protein biomarkers discovered to date, along with their status quo.
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, Dec 28, 2023
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds, which... more Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds, which are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins with antioxidant properties, can mitigate the negative effects on male reproductive function caused by cyclophosphamide, a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent. Methods: Male wistar rats are divided into seven groups (n=6). All groups except the normal control (NC) received cyclophosphamide (30mg/kg, i.p.) for the first 5 days. The standard group received clomiphene citrate (0.25 mg/kg, p.o.). Treatment groups T1%, T5%, T10%, and ω-3 received 1%, 5%, and 10% chia seeds in the diet, and 880 mg/kg omega-3 fatty acid (p.o) respectively for 15 days. The effect on the reproductive system was evaluated by analysis of epididymal sperm characteristics, biochemical parameters, and serum testosterone level. Results: Clomiphene citrate improved oligospermia via hormone mediated effect. Chia seeds and omega-3 fatty acid treatment also showed improvement in reproductive parameters including oxidative stress and histological features of the testes. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment was more effective for the prevention of cyclophosphamide toxicity on testes as compared to chia seeds. Nasal bleeding was noted in several animals subjected to chia seed treatment. This occurrence might be attributed to chia seeds’ impact on coagulation and/or platelet function, potentially heightened due to chemotherapy associated bone marrow suppression. Conclusions: In our study, chia seeds as well as omega-3 fatty acid treatment were found to be protective against cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. However, the adverse effect of hemorrhage associated with drug interaction of chia seeds with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs needs careful attention and further investigation.investigation.Open in a separate windowGraphical Abstract
Background: The primary aim of this study is to identify the most active fraction from Urena loba... more Background: The primary aim of this study is to identify the most active fraction from Urena lobata leaves and subsequently evaluate the analgesic and antioxidant accomplishments of the identified potent extract. The focus is on determining the fraction with the highest efficacy for potential therapeutic applications. Methods: U. lobata leaves were consecutively extracted with solvents like n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The concentrated fractions underwent initial phytochemical screening. The fraction exhibiting the highest activity, as determined by the carrageenan model, was further evaluated for its analgesic potential through the hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing methods. In-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH and FRAP assays. Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of U. lobata leaf fractions exposed the presence of steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, and flavonoids. In the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model, the ethyl acetate fraction of U. lobata leaf (ULEAF) demonstrated the highest anti-inflammatory effects, comparable to the standard drug Diclofenac sodium. Evaluation of analgesic potential using the hot-plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test showed dose-dependent efficacy, with 500 mg/kg ULEAF exhibiting effects similar to ibuprofen. In vitro, antioxidant assays indicated potent radical scavenging and reducing power in the ethyl acetate fraction. Conclusion: In conclusion, U. lobata leaf fractions exhibited potent anti-inflammatory properties, with the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrating notable analgesic and antioxidant activity. These findings support the plant's therapeutic potential for further exploration in pharmaceutical development.
International research journal of pharmacy, Oct 9, 2019
The present study investigated the acute and sub acute toxicity of Tab Pcosbless a standardized e... more The present study investigated the acute and sub acute toxicity of Tab Pcosbless a standardized extract formulation developed for the management of Poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in experimental animals. The raw materials were standardized by gravimetric, HPTLC, pH (1.0 % Solution), Loss on drying and Water soluble extractive methods for their respective bioactive marker compounds. In acute toxicity study, Tab Pcosbless was administered orally at doses 2000 mg/kg and the animals were observed for any toxic symptoms up to the period of 14 days. The results indicated there were no toxic symptoms seen at the dose level of 2000 mg/kg. In sub acute toxicity study, Tab Pcosbless was tested at the doses 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg once daily for 28 days. The animals were sacrificed on the 29 th day and various blood biochemical parameters were measured. The liver, kidney, heart, spleen, testis (male), ovary (female), and lungs were processed for histopathological study. The results of the sub acute toxicity study did not show evidence of any abnormal changes in body weight, food intake, water intake, haematological parameters, liver function test (LFT), and renal function test (RFT) when compared with the normal animals. The female animals treated with formulation had prominent follicles developing in ovaries as observed in gross necropsy and histopathology. The vital organs of animals treated with Tab Pcosbless for 28 days did not show any histopathological evidence of pathological lesions. From the results it was concluded that Tab Pcosbless at the dose of 2000 mg/kg is safe for treatment in Poly cystic ovarian syndrome.
International journal of research in ayurveda and pharmacy, May 5, 2016
Anogeissus acuminata (family Combretaceae) is a plant widely distributed in western parts of Indi... more Anogeissus acuminata (family Combretaceae) is a plant widely distributed in western parts of India like North Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh. Parts of this plant are used in treatment of different conditions in traditional medicine. The plant is also used in other parts of world such as Thailand for treatment of diabetes mellitus. The plant is evaluated for various pharmacological actions. However, systematic phytochemical data for the plant is lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the methanolic extract of plant qualitatively and quantitatively. The methanolic extract of the leaves and bark of plant were found to possess abundant phenolic compounds namely, tannins and flavonoids. Quantitative determination of these extract revealed a presence of 24.57 and 13.63 %w/w tannin and 14.5 and 57% w/w flavonoids in leaf and bark extract respectively. HPTLC fingerprinting analysis of methanolic extract of leaf and bark with mobile phase (toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (4.5:3.0:0.2,v/v/v) confirmed the presence of four peaks in both the extracts with different Rf values at 254nm.
Abstract Glucose transporters are proteins, which facilitate glucose (and related substance) tran... more Abstract Glucose transporters are proteins, which facilitate glucose (and related substance) transport across cell membrane. As glucose is vital to all cells of body, so are glucose transporters. Recent advances in technology have revealed lot of new information about structural and functional characteristics of these proteins. There are three families of glucose transporters, GLUTs, SGLTs, and newly added SWEETs. These families are further divided in several subtypes. Individual transporters differ in their gating characteristics, transport kinetics, and expression regulatory mechanisms. Some of these transporters have been implicated in pathophysiology of various diseases. Accordingly, they are potential targets of several drug therapies. Further, there is a pressing need of studies to reveal more about their function and distribution. This chapter gives an updated account of information, which may be useful to researchers involved in pharmacology and biochemistry.
pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) using in vitro and in vi... more pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods: LMWF was administered to diabetic rats at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg body weight by intragastric administration. Following 12 weeks of treatment, we measured body and kidney weight, blood glucose, blood pressure, creatinine and urea concentration in serum and urine, urine output, urinary osmolality, and urinary protein excretion. a-SMA, E-cadherin, fibronectin, TGF-b1, and CTGF were measured by Western blot to evaluate the level of epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT). Results: 10 ng/ml TGF-b1 induced EMT and activated downstream pathways in HK2 cells. Treatment with LMWF significantly reversed EMT and dose-dependently inhibited accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, including connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin. In type 1 and type 2 diabetic rat models, it was found that diabetes resulted in TGF-b signalling activation and increased expression of TGF-b downstream signals in the kidneys. LMWF significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood creatinine compared with the untreated type 1 diabetic group. LMWF also significantly reduced BUN and blood creatinine compared with the untreated type 2 diabetic group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that LMWF treatment attenuated renal dysfunction and fibrogenesis in the kidneys of type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats. The present study suggests that LMWF may be developed as a candidate drug to prevent or inhibit fibrotic progression in DN.
International Journal of Phytopharmacy, Jun 30, 2014
Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) is an ornamental plant of European origin. It has been used in ... more Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) is an ornamental plant of European origin. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer. Mice bearing Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC mice) were treated with methanolic extract (165 mg/kg), ethyl acetate soluble fraction (30 mg/kg) and combination of both extracts of Thuja occidentalis. Inhibition of tumor growth, increase in survival time of animal with treatment, and hematological parameters were determined. Both extracts exerted tumor growth inhibitory activity in mice bearing EAC. Combination treatment of two extracts showed more pronounced effect. In conclusion, Methanolic and ethyl acetate soluble extracts of Thuja occidentalis exhibit anticancer activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. Thus, it has anticancer potential and should be
: OSCC (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma) is a major health challenge in many parts of the world. It ... more : OSCC (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma) is a major health challenge in many parts of the world. It occurs most commonly in males and is associated with tobacco, pan, or areca nut consumption. One of the major challenges associated with the management of OSCC is late diagnosis. As a result, the treatment required is more aggressive, expensive, and has poor prognostic value. On the other hand, early diagnosis of OSCC can be life-saving with less aggressive treatment and a better prognosis. A diagnostic method for early diagnosis of OSCC is greatly needed. A lot of research efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that can act as tools to classify the tumor status of the patient. Various biological fluids and tissues have been explored for such studies. Saliva appears to be the most attractive biological sample with many potential advantages over other matrices such as blood or tissue. Saliva as a diagnostic fluid has the advantage of ample availability, being non-invasive and being in the vicinity of the tumor, and having a less complex composition. Our paper provides an updated review of the state of the art of research in the area of salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The paper gives an account of methods for saliva collection, followed by a brief description of various protein biomarkers discovered to date, along with their status quo.
Glucose is a primary energy source for most cells and an important substrate for many biochemical... more Glucose is a primary energy source for most cells and an important substrate for many biochemical reactions. As glucose is a need of each and every cell of the body, so are the glucose transporters. Consequently, all cells express these important proteins on their surface. In recent years developments in genetics have shed new light on the types and physiology of various glucose transporters, of which there are two main types-sodium-glucose linked transporters (SGLTs) and facilitated diffusion glucose transporters (GLUT)-which can be divided into many more subclasses. Transporters differ in terms of their substrate specificity, distribution and regulatory mechanisms. Glucose transporters have also received much attention as therapeutic targets for various diseases. In this review, we attempt to present a simplified view of this complex topic which may be of interest to researchers involved in biochemical and pharmacological research.
cardioprotection. Glibenclamide is an anti-diabetic drug which acts by blocking ATP sensitive pot... more cardioprotection. Glibenclamide is an anti-diabetic drug which acts by blocking ATP sensitive potassium channels. 5 Such drugs that act by modulating potassium currents might have potential activity against convulsion. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the anticonvulsant potential of glibenclamide on MES and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure activity in mice. This study provides an idea on emerging K + channel modulator with potential for development as new and improved nervous system therapeutic agent besides its use in diabetes mellitus. Methods Animals Albino mice of Wistar strain (25-30 g, age 7 months) of either sex were obtained from the animal house of Parul Institute of Pharmacy. The animals were individually housed in colony rooms with 12/12 h light/dark cycle at 21 ± 2°C and had free access to food and water. The experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Parul Institute of Pharmacy. Chemicals and Drugs All chemicals and drugs used were of commercial grade.These included diazepam, glibenclamide and 3% Tween 80. Glibenclamide was dissolved in 2% acacia and administered orally at time of experiment.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Objective: The present work deals with the designing, scoring, synthesis and, characterization of... more Objective: The present work deals with the designing, scoring, synthesis and, characterization of 1-(4-(2-(4-Substitutedphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl)phenylsulfonyl)-3-(4-substitutedbenzoyl)urea (5A-5B),1-(4-(2-(4-substitutedphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl)phenylsulfonyl)-3-(4-substituted-benzoyl)guanidine(5C-5E) and, 1-(4-Substitutedbenzoyl)-3-(4-(2-oxo-2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)phenylsulfonyl)urea (5F-5H) based derivatives as hypoglycemic agents.Methods: Docking calculations were performed to predict the binding affinity between the AKR1C1 complexes and sulphonylureas compounds using the Glide docking program. Docking studies on LigPrep treated ligands were carried out to predict the binding pocket of protein 4YVP using the docking program. The QikProp program was used to predict the ADME/T properties of the analogues. All these newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in vivo hypoglycemic activity by most relevant animal models like alloxan-induced diabetic rats by measuring blood pla...
: OSCC (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma) is a major health challenge in many parts of the world. It ... more : OSCC (Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma) is a major health challenge in many parts of the world. It occurs most commonly in males and is associated with tobacco, pan, or areca nut consumption. One of the major challenges associated with the management of OSCC is late diagnosis. As a result, the treatment required is more aggressive, expensive, and has poor prognostic value. On the other hand, early diagnosis of OSCC can be life-saving with less aggressive treatment and a better prognosis. A diagnostic method for early diagnosis of OSCC is greatly needed. A lot of research efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that can act as tools to classify the tumor status of the patient. Various biological fluids and tissues have been explored for such studies. Saliva appears to be the most attractive biological sample with many potential advantages over other matrices such as blood or tissue. Saliva as a diagnostic fluid has the advantage of ample availability, being non-invasive and being in the vicinity of the tumor, and having a less complex composition. Our paper provides an updated review of the state of the art of research in the area of salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The paper gives an account of methods for saliva collection, followed by a brief description of various protein biomarkers discovered to date, along with their status quo.
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