Papers by Dr. Edwin A . B . Juma
East African journal of environment and natural resources, Jan 27, 2023
Building on the Theory of Feminist Political Ecology (FPE), this paper examines the gendered shar... more Building on the Theory of Feminist Political Ecology (FPE), this paper examines the gendered sharing of intra-household decision-making powers, responsibilities, and rights over the exploitation of non-timber forest resources within Cherangany Hills Forest, Kenya. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted, semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 280 Community Forest Association (CFA) members (140 male and 140 female) that were randomly sampled, and in-depth interviews were conducted among 35 key respondents (20 CFA members, 7 CFA leaders, 2 village elders, 2 assistant chiefs, 2 forest guards, and 2 forest officers) that were purposively sampled. Quantitative data was analysed in the form of mean and standard deviation and presented in the form of percentages and graphs. This paper highlights that husbands and wives shared the decision-making powers over the use of forest land for crop farming to a ‘Great Extent’. There was substantial gendered sharing of intra-household decision-making over the use of forest land for livestock feeding. However, there was minimal gendered sharing of intra-household decision-making with regard to the collection of firewood, herbal plants, indigenous vegetables, and fruits from the forest as well as beekeeping within the forest. The husbands and wives shared the responsibilities and rights over crop farming to a ‘Great Extent’. There was substantial gendered sharing of responsibilities and rights over the collection of fodder and grazing of livestock and collection of herbal plants from the forest. But there was minimal gendered sharing of responsibilities and rights over the collection of firewood, beekeeping and honey harvesting, collection of wild vegetables and picking of indigenous fruits from the forest. There is a need to enlighten, encourage and support both men and women living adjacent to forested areas to understand forest rights, embrace on-farm forestry, and use forest resources sustainably.
Urban vegetable production is critical in supplementing food, saving on food expense, income gene... more Urban vegetable production is critical in supplementing food, saving on food expense, income generation and improving the livelihood of farmers. However, minimal research has been done to establish whether youth participation in vegetable production could improve livelihoods. This study focused on the extent of youth participation in vegetable production towards improvement of livelihoods in Kakamega Town, Kenya. It specifically aimed to: establish the contribution of youth to vegetable production, assess the farming resources accessible to youth, establish the benefit of vegetable production to livelihoods, and identify the major constraints to vegetable production and livelihoods. This study employed the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Sustainable Livelihood Approach and a conceptual model to understand the problem. A survey research design was adopted whereby 159 households were randomly selected and data was collected by use of structured questionnaires, interview schedules, and ph...
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning
Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2015
Journal of ecology and the natural environment, 2021
Although studies emphasize that rural women are persistently being marginalized in forest governa... more Although studies emphasize that rural women are persistently being marginalized in forest governance in the Global South, some feminist scholars contend that women are still joining and engaging in forest management institutions. Drawing on the ‘Typology of Participation’ model and the ‘Gender Box’ framework, this article intends to widen our understanding of the levels and motivations of rural women participating in forest management institutions in developing countries. Published journal articles, theses, organizational reports, and conference papers were reviewed. The review demonstrates that some of the rural women who joined forest management institutions attended forest meetings, spoke during the meetings, performed some specific tasks, participated in various forest conservation initiatives, took leadership positions, and influenced forest use decision making. Existing literature further advances that the factors operating at micro-scale, meso-scale, and macro scale levels en...
This paper focuses on the effect of youth engagement in vegetable production on household well-be... more This paper focuses on the effect of youth engagement in vegetable production on household well-being in Kakamega Town, Kenya. Survey research design was used and data was collected from 159 urban youth farmers using structured questionnaires and interviews. It was observed that the vegetable farmers engaged more frequently in weed control, land preparation, harvesting and planting. There was significant association between time spent on the farm and the size of vegetable plot (X2 = 46.074, p = 0.000 < 0.05) at significance level of 5%. Most of the vegetable farmers (90.5%, n = 144) reported that they will continue with vegetable production in the future. Some of the respondents (34.0%) reported that the vegetable produced was 'more than adequate' and 28.9% reported that it was 'adequate'. Majority of the farmers (84.3%) bought vegetables from estate groceries. The youth offered wage labour on other people's farms and were self-employed on their own farms. Urban farming was found to have led to greening of the city. To promote the well-being of the households, the Ministry of Agriculture and other key actors should support youth to engage in vegetable farming on large scale.
Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies & Management , Sep 21, 2015
Access to information about Solid Waste Management (SWM) is critical in changing the negative att... more Access to information about Solid Waste Management (SWM) is critical in changing the negative attitudes of urban residents towards proper handling of waste. This paper focuses on the influence of access to information about SWM on proper solid waste handling by residents in Eldoret Municipality. A survey design was adopted, 170 households were randomly selected, questionnaire and observations used in data collection and analysis done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 16.0. The results indicated that 53.53% of the respondents were accessible to information about SWM. The friends, neighbours, schools, radio and television were the common source of information. Most respondents sought information less than 1 km away. The major challenges hindering access to
information included lack of interest, few National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA)/Eldoret Municipal Council (EMC) officers, inadequate time, inadequate funds to seek information, and unsupportive legal and regulatory frameworks. Access to information about
solid waste mainly promoted separation of solid wastes before disposing, use of dust bins and landfills, reuse and recycling of solid waste, willingness to pay for waste disposal, and enhanced good rapport among stakeholders concerned with SWM. This paper recommends participation of all stakeholders in promoting access to information about solid waste to enhance sustainable SWM.
Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies & Management , Dec 20, 2017
This paper investigates the level of access to and use of farming resources by youth
engaging i... more This paper investigates the level of access to and use of farming resources by youth
engaging in vegetable production in Kakamega Town, Kenya. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews from youth vegetable farmers and key resource persons. Results reveal that youth obtained land through negotiation, inheriting, borrowing, hiring and buying. Water used for vegetable irrigation was obtained from water kiosks, piped borne water, streams, recycled waste water and boreholes. Financial assets and farming inputs were accessed from personal savings, parents, siblings, friends,
neighbours and local authorities. Parents, siblings, children, neighbours, friends, relatives and hired workers provided farm labour. Agricultural information was sought from agricultural offices, agricultural shows, research institutes, family members and neighbours. The use of farm resources were influenced by the means of acquiring the resource, distance from the sources, ability to pay, the scale of production, family headship and various stakeholders and institutions. This paper proposes that access to farming resources by youth should be enhanced by the Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with other key actors.
Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management , Mar 2015
The participation of urban youths in vegetable production is critical in enhancing food security,... more The participation of urban youths in vegetable production is critical in enhancing food security, employment creation, income generation as well as city growth. However, little attention has been given to the opportunities and challenges among youth participating in vegetable farming in secondary cities in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper identifies the opportunities and challenges of youth participating in household vegetable production in Kakamega Town. Youth survey was adopted in this study. 159 households were randomly sampled while key informants were sampled purposively. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from households and interview schedules from key informants. The data were analysed by use of mean, standard deviation, Chi-square and Pearson Correlation Coefficient while the data were presented in percentages, tables and graphs. Among the youths engaging in urban vegetable production, vegetables provided food, better nutrition, and employment, saved on food expenses, secured income, utilization of available space and leisure and practice of cultural values. The money from vegetable sales was used at household and individual level. The challenges facing youth included: livestock destruction of vegetables, pests and diseases, vegetable theft, inaccessibility to land, lack of finances, heavy rainfall, lack of extension services and inaccessibility to water. Youth participating in vegetable production in Kakamega Town mainly obtain food, better nutrition, save food expenditure and generate income. Youths are hindered from effective vegetable production by resource challenges, environmental challenges and lack of knowledge. Further research should focus on the opportunities and challenges of youth participating in vegetable production on government and community lands and in other urban centres.
Thesis Chapters by Dr. Edwin A . B . Juma
Existing studies demonstrate that men and women from forest adjacent communities not only collabo... more Existing studies demonstrate that men and women from forest adjacent communities not only collaborate with other stakeholders in forest governance but also have roles, decision making powers and rights over the use of forest resources. However, there is scanty information about power relations between spouses engaging in forest governance and use of forest resources within state-managed forests in Kenya. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study assessed intra-household gender relations in forest governance and use of forest resources within Cherangany Hills Forest, Kenya. The specific objectives were to: assess the nature and extent of involvement of husbands and wives in Community Forest Association (CFA) activities; analyze the decision making powers, roles and rights of husbands and wives over the use of forest resources; examine the implication of involvement of husbands and wives in CFA activities on livelihoods; and assess the constraints and opportunities for husbands and wives engaging in CFA activities. This study was guided by the ‘Typology of Participation’ model, Theory of Feminist Political Ecology, and the ‘Gender-Box’ theoretical framework. Drawing upon the premises of the post-positivist research philosophy and mixed-method research approach, a concurrent triangulation research design was adopted. A household sample size of 280 (140 male and 140 female) CFA members was randomly selected and 35 key respondents (20 CFA members, 7 CFA leaders, 2 village elders, 2 assistant chiefs, 2 forest guards and 2 forest officers) were purposively sampled. Primary data was collected by administering semi-structured questionnaires and conducting key informant interviews. The mean and standard deviation were used to analyze quantitative data and presented as frequencies, percentages, tables and graphs while qualitative data was analyzed thematically and presented as synthesized text. It was revealed that both husbands and wives engaged substantially in forest governance through payment of CFA subscription fees, attendance of CFA meetings, reforestation and forest protection. It was confirmed that husbands and wives shared decision making powers, roles and rights to a great extent during crop farming as well as grazing of the livestock within the forest. The engagement of both male and female spouses in CFA activities contributed substantially to food access, livestock feeds and herbal medicine. Time constraints significantly restricted both husbands and wives from attending CFA meetings and seeking CFA leadership posts while gender norms of behaviour discouraged them from using forest resources. This study concludes that there was substantial collaborative gender relation between husbands and wives during payment of CFA fees, attendance of CFA meetings, engagement in reforestation and forest protection as well as decision making over use of forest land for crop farming and source of livestock feeds. Forest policy makers, practitioners and researchers should apply other research philosophical paradigms, theoretical models and research approaches to examine the implications of intra-household gender relations in forest governance and use of forest resources on livelihoods in other geographical areas.
Masters Thesis, Nov 1, 2017
Urban vegetable production is critical in supplementing food, saving on food expense, income gene... more Urban vegetable production is critical in supplementing food, saving on food expense, income generation and improving the livelihood of farmers. However, minimal
research has been done to establish whether youth participation in vegetable production could improve livelihoods. This study focused on the extent of youth participation in vegetable production towards improvement of livelihoods in Kakamega Town, Kenya. It specifically aimed to: establish the contribution of youthto vegetable production, assess the farming resources accessible to youth, establish the benefit of vegetable production to livelihoods, and identify the major constraints to vegetable production and livelihoods. This study employed the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Sustainable Livelihood Approach and a conceptual model to understand the problem. A survey research design was adopted whereby 159 households were randomly selected and data was collected by use of structured questionnaires, interview schedules, and photography. It was established that youth mainly engaged in land preparation, planting, weeding, pest and disease control and harvesting of vegetables mainly in the afternoon on weekdays. It was revealed that more than 90% of the youth would continue engaging in vegetable production in future. Youth engaged in other livelihood activities due to the higher and quick returns, interests, academic qualifications and job satisfaction obtained. Vegetable plots were mainly obtained through negotiation with the county government officials. Most youth were accessible to water for irrigation. Personal savings were the main source of finance while the farm inputs were mainly bought. Parents were the main alternative source of labour and the extension services were mostly sought from agricultural shows. Parents and older siblings influenced the youth to start engaging in vegetable production. Youth participation in vegetable production enhanced food supply, saving on food expenses, income generation and involvement in social activities. The main vegetable production constraints included: chicken destruction of vegetable; insect pests and diseases; vegetable theft; inadequate land and insufficient finance. Some of the vegetable production constraints were managed by: fencing of vegetable gardens; applying insecticides; reporting theft cases to the administration and hiring of more land. In conclusion, youth participation in vegetable production promoted food supply, reduction on food expenditure, income generation and participation in social activities. It is recommended that access to farming resources should be enhanced and
production constraints minimized to promote youth participation in vegetable production. Urban planners and scholars should focus on youth participation in vegetable production on community lands in Kakamega or other urban centres towards improvement of livelihoods.
Teaching Documents by Dr. Edwin A . B . Juma
The process of testing research hypothesis is important for researchers, academicians, statistici... more The process of testing research hypothesis is important for researchers, academicians, statisticians, policy implementers among other users. It enables concerned individuals to deduce meaning as well as make decisions based on the outcomes of the tests (accepting or rejection of null hypothesis). A research hypothesis has been defined by statisticians who have also advanced various ways of testing a research hypothesis using statistical tests. The tests of hypothesis (tests of significance) include the parametric and non-parametric tests. The parametric tests are based on the assumption that the samples are drawn from a normal population and on interval scale measurement whereas non-parametric tests are based on nominal as well as ordinal data and it requires more observations than parametric tests. However, in this essay paper the parametric tests will be the centre of focus. In parametric tests, the common ones involves Normal (Z) tests, Student (t) tests, Fischer’s (F) tests, regression analysis, correlation analysis and the Chi-square (ᵡ2) test.
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Papers by Dr. Edwin A . B . Juma
information included lack of interest, few National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA)/Eldoret Municipal Council (EMC) officers, inadequate time, inadequate funds to seek information, and unsupportive legal and regulatory frameworks. Access to information about
solid waste mainly promoted separation of solid wastes before disposing, use of dust bins and landfills, reuse and recycling of solid waste, willingness to pay for waste disposal, and enhanced good rapport among stakeholders concerned with SWM. This paper recommends participation of all stakeholders in promoting access to information about solid waste to enhance sustainable SWM.
engaging in vegetable production in Kakamega Town, Kenya. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews from youth vegetable farmers and key resource persons. Results reveal that youth obtained land through negotiation, inheriting, borrowing, hiring and buying. Water used for vegetable irrigation was obtained from water kiosks, piped borne water, streams, recycled waste water and boreholes. Financial assets and farming inputs were accessed from personal savings, parents, siblings, friends,
neighbours and local authorities. Parents, siblings, children, neighbours, friends, relatives and hired workers provided farm labour. Agricultural information was sought from agricultural offices, agricultural shows, research institutes, family members and neighbours. The use of farm resources were influenced by the means of acquiring the resource, distance from the sources, ability to pay, the scale of production, family headship and various stakeholders and institutions. This paper proposes that access to farming resources by youth should be enhanced by the Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with other key actors.
Thesis Chapters by Dr. Edwin A . B . Juma
research has been done to establish whether youth participation in vegetable production could improve livelihoods. This study focused on the extent of youth participation in vegetable production towards improvement of livelihoods in Kakamega Town, Kenya. It specifically aimed to: establish the contribution of youthto vegetable production, assess the farming resources accessible to youth, establish the benefit of vegetable production to livelihoods, and identify the major constraints to vegetable production and livelihoods. This study employed the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Sustainable Livelihood Approach and a conceptual model to understand the problem. A survey research design was adopted whereby 159 households were randomly selected and data was collected by use of structured questionnaires, interview schedules, and photography. It was established that youth mainly engaged in land preparation, planting, weeding, pest and disease control and harvesting of vegetables mainly in the afternoon on weekdays. It was revealed that more than 90% of the youth would continue engaging in vegetable production in future. Youth engaged in other livelihood activities due to the higher and quick returns, interests, academic qualifications and job satisfaction obtained. Vegetable plots were mainly obtained through negotiation with the county government officials. Most youth were accessible to water for irrigation. Personal savings were the main source of finance while the farm inputs were mainly bought. Parents were the main alternative source of labour and the extension services were mostly sought from agricultural shows. Parents and older siblings influenced the youth to start engaging in vegetable production. Youth participation in vegetable production enhanced food supply, saving on food expenses, income generation and involvement in social activities. The main vegetable production constraints included: chicken destruction of vegetable; insect pests and diseases; vegetable theft; inadequate land and insufficient finance. Some of the vegetable production constraints were managed by: fencing of vegetable gardens; applying insecticides; reporting theft cases to the administration and hiring of more land. In conclusion, youth participation in vegetable production promoted food supply, reduction on food expenditure, income generation and participation in social activities. It is recommended that access to farming resources should be enhanced and
production constraints minimized to promote youth participation in vegetable production. Urban planners and scholars should focus on youth participation in vegetable production on community lands in Kakamega or other urban centres towards improvement of livelihoods.
Teaching Documents by Dr. Edwin A . B . Juma
information included lack of interest, few National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA)/Eldoret Municipal Council (EMC) officers, inadequate time, inadequate funds to seek information, and unsupportive legal and regulatory frameworks. Access to information about
solid waste mainly promoted separation of solid wastes before disposing, use of dust bins and landfills, reuse and recycling of solid waste, willingness to pay for waste disposal, and enhanced good rapport among stakeholders concerned with SWM. This paper recommends participation of all stakeholders in promoting access to information about solid waste to enhance sustainable SWM.
engaging in vegetable production in Kakamega Town, Kenya. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews from youth vegetable farmers and key resource persons. Results reveal that youth obtained land through negotiation, inheriting, borrowing, hiring and buying. Water used for vegetable irrigation was obtained from water kiosks, piped borne water, streams, recycled waste water and boreholes. Financial assets and farming inputs were accessed from personal savings, parents, siblings, friends,
neighbours and local authorities. Parents, siblings, children, neighbours, friends, relatives and hired workers provided farm labour. Agricultural information was sought from agricultural offices, agricultural shows, research institutes, family members and neighbours. The use of farm resources were influenced by the means of acquiring the resource, distance from the sources, ability to pay, the scale of production, family headship and various stakeholders and institutions. This paper proposes that access to farming resources by youth should be enhanced by the Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with other key actors.
research has been done to establish whether youth participation in vegetable production could improve livelihoods. This study focused on the extent of youth participation in vegetable production towards improvement of livelihoods in Kakamega Town, Kenya. It specifically aimed to: establish the contribution of youthto vegetable production, assess the farming resources accessible to youth, establish the benefit of vegetable production to livelihoods, and identify the major constraints to vegetable production and livelihoods. This study employed the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Sustainable Livelihood Approach and a conceptual model to understand the problem. A survey research design was adopted whereby 159 households were randomly selected and data was collected by use of structured questionnaires, interview schedules, and photography. It was established that youth mainly engaged in land preparation, planting, weeding, pest and disease control and harvesting of vegetables mainly in the afternoon on weekdays. It was revealed that more than 90% of the youth would continue engaging in vegetable production in future. Youth engaged in other livelihood activities due to the higher and quick returns, interests, academic qualifications and job satisfaction obtained. Vegetable plots were mainly obtained through negotiation with the county government officials. Most youth were accessible to water for irrigation. Personal savings were the main source of finance while the farm inputs were mainly bought. Parents were the main alternative source of labour and the extension services were mostly sought from agricultural shows. Parents and older siblings influenced the youth to start engaging in vegetable production. Youth participation in vegetable production enhanced food supply, saving on food expenses, income generation and involvement in social activities. The main vegetable production constraints included: chicken destruction of vegetable; insect pests and diseases; vegetable theft; inadequate land and insufficient finance. Some of the vegetable production constraints were managed by: fencing of vegetable gardens; applying insecticides; reporting theft cases to the administration and hiring of more land. In conclusion, youth participation in vegetable production promoted food supply, reduction on food expenditure, income generation and participation in social activities. It is recommended that access to farming resources should be enhanced and
production constraints minimized to promote youth participation in vegetable production. Urban planners and scholars should focus on youth participation in vegetable production on community lands in Kakamega or other urban centres towards improvement of livelihoods.