Barbara Horejs
Address: Prof. Dr. Barbara Horejs, Scientific Director
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Austrian Archaeological Institute
Hollandstrasse 11-13, 1020 Vienna
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Austrian Archaeological Institute
Hollandstrasse 11-13, 1020 Vienna
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Papers by Barbara Horejs
The excavations of the Late Chalcolithic settlement phases at Çukuriçi Höyük produced important data on storage facilities and food processing activities. This paper focuses on the botanical remains to reveal detailed information on the inhabitant’s subsistence strategies. Since the settlements of the Late Chalcolithic in 4th millennium BC and the initial Early Bronze Age 1 dating around 3000 cal. BCE were destroyed by fire, the assemblage offers ideal conditions for archaeobotanical studies. The analyses show that cereals, pulses, figs, and grapes are dominating and can be associated with food processing and storage installations. For Late Chalcolithic Çukuriçi Höyük the results indicate a coastal community based on a well-scheduled subsistence strategy with intentional surplus production and storage of food. Moreover, the high number of fruits indicate that so called “cash crops”—targeted overproduction of food—may have already played an economic role in the Late Chalcolithic as exchange goods.
The excavations of the Late Chalcolithic settlement phases at Çukuriçi Höyük produced important data on storage facilities and food processing activities. This paper focuses on the botanical remains to reveal detailed information on the inhabitant’s subsistence strategies. Since the settlements of the Late Chalcolithic in 4th millennium BC and the initial Early Bronze Age 1 dating around 3000 cal. BCE were destroyed by fire, the assemblage offers ideal conditions for archaeobotanical studies. The analyses show that cereals, pulses, figs, and grapes are dominating and can be associated with food processing and storage installations. For Late Chalcolithic Çukuriçi Höyük the results indicate a coastal community based on a well-scheduled subsistence strategy with intentional surplus production and storage of food. Moreover, the high number of fruits indicate that so called “cash crops”—targeted overproduction of food—may have already played an economic role in the Late Chalcolithic as exchange goods.
In der Frühbronzezeit 1 (3000–2750 v. Chr.) findet sich auf dem Çukuriçi Höyük ein für die Region Westanatoliens bislang einzigartiges Metallhandwerkszentrum. Die großflächigen Ausgrabungen der Jahre 2006 bis 2014 legten ein dicht bebautes Siedungsareal frei, das aus zahlreichen Gebäudestrukturen bestand, die sich über Plätze und Wege erschließen ließen. Neben den verwendeten Baustoffen der einzelnen Raumeinheiten werden in diesem Band auch unterschiedliche Bautechniken, die Erschließbarkeit der Räume sowie Installationen, wie Öfen und Herdstellen, behandelt. Darüber hinaus zeigen detaillierte stratigraphische und bauforscherische Untersuchungen, dass sich die Wohn- und Werkstattbereiche sukzessive von freistehenden Bauten hin zu in agglutinierender Bauweise errichteten Gebäuden entwickelten, die sich im Lauf der Zeit über den Siedlungshügel ausgedehnt haben.
Anhand der neuen Grabungsergebnisse können unter Berücksichtigung interdisziplinärer Studien Aussagen zu der soziokulturellen Struktur des frühbronzezeitlichen Metallhandwerkszentrums auf dem Çukuriçi Höyük getroffen werden. Bei genauer Betrachtung der Forschungsresultate ergeben sich so neue Sichtweisen und Interpretationsansätze für das Sozialgefüge am Beginn des 3. Jahrtausends v. Chr. in Westanatolien und der Ägäis.
public and scientific perception of archaeological research in the region.
To answer the question on Atarneus’ fate and its connection with the landscape evolution, we coupled archaeological and geographical investigations. Ceramics, ancient literary and epigraphic texts, numismatics and architectural remains show that the settlement hill of Atarneus had been populated since late Bronze Age times. Atarneus as a Greek polis occupied the hill from the sixth century BC until the change of the eras. Afterwards, the hill was abandoned. It was newly populated in the second half of the twelfth and the first half of the thirteenth century AD.
The lithostratigraphy of nine drilling cores, arranged in three transects and dated by AMS radiocarbon dating, shows that during the past 4000 years the sedimentary plains surrounding the settlement hill were aggraded by braided and meandering rivers, while colluviation and alluvial fan deposition occurred at the foot-slopes. Sedimentation totalled about 5-7 m in the past 4000 years, evidencing a 'drowning' of the landscape in terrestrial sediments. Although channels shifted repeatedly and alluvial fan deposition fluctuated, the depositional system did not change in general during the past 4000 years.
Concluding, the lack of any sediment related to a Paleo-Gulf and the constant depositional system document that landscape deterioration did not contribute to the decline of Atarneus. Rather, socio-economic factors were crucial for the rise and fall of the Greek polis.
(1st Dec 2017) been invited to a conference at Wien-OREA,
which involved certain research topics of much surprise, if only
to everybody not previously informed, and that was me.
Attached are the proceedings.
04.Sept.2017
The Ada Tepe Mountain lies next to the modern village of Krumovgrad in the eastern Rhodopes and is up to now the only known prehistoric goldmine in Europe to be excavated. Due to the high gold concentration, which is embedded in quartz on the surface in the upper part of the hill, this section is going to be mined by a modern miningcompany. For this reason excavations by H. Popov and his team of the National Institute of Archaeology with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Science (NIAM – BAS) took place between 2005 and 2013. They provided evidence of remains of Late Bronze Age open cast mining structures (around the hilltop), waste heaps (which are situated in broad areas on the slopes of the hill) and two settlements. One on the peak and one on the north-eastern slope - both are connected with the mine. Our presentation is focusing on the north-eastern settlement and its functional aspects. This settlement quarter consists of nine houses, which are situated in two rows along the hillside. The evaluation of the house inventories and their broader contextualization is the key aspect of our contribution. Regarding the description of the ceramics, not only its shape but also its paste/fabric were analysed macroscopically. With this approach, in context with the archaeological structures of the settlement, it is possible to get a basic understanding of its function.
Geophysical prospection projects under these preconditions also require versatile measuring equipment and case-by-case approaches. The geophysical investigations in the Kaikos valley (Bakırçay), the archaeologically very rich landscape between the ancient Greek city of Pergamon in Aeolis and its port Elaea, are textbook examples.
The projects of the Pergamon Excavation in 2013 focused on the Hellenistic royal city and the surrounding area as part of the current research programme. The surface survey and sondages on the west slope of the acropolis hill were able to confirm and enhance the picture of settlement density and the street system that emerged in the previous year’s campaign. A stepped lane there can be dated to the Hellenistic period. The great density of building traces in a valley cutting into the lower west slope testifies the intensive use even of difficult terrain which in this case needed to be drained by means of an elaborate channel system. On the upper west slope in the context of the newly investigated Building AA a tunnel has been discovered that evidently served as a gallery for collecting water.
Excavation of a presumed rock sanctuary has provided the first indications of non-profane use of the complex. The first campaign of a German-Turkish project on the Lower Agora
has revealed the potential of the investigations, which will lead to a reappraisal of the reconstruction and dating of the complex. Excavations at a bridge over the Selinus known
as Kazancı Köprüsü carried out in the course of construction work permitted the first detailed structural investigation and documentation, which resulted in a Roman dating of a
bridge previously classified as Hellenistic. With the excavation of the South-east Necropolis being resumed, substantial layers of scree were removed from on top of the ancient surface
in which the graves were dug. The prehistoric survey in the area surrounding Pergamon has been provisionally completed. The now fairly detailed chronological spectrum ranges
from the Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic to the Late Bronze Age. Thanks to archaeometric analyses, several local categories of wares have been identified within the area of
investigation for the prehistoric epochs too. The project to re-erect the Sekhmet statue in the south court of the Red Hall was brought to a conclusion with an unveiling ceremony.
Among conservation measures at the gymnasium, efforts concentrated particularly on the south-east retaining walls.
The two-volume proceedings contain numerous contributions presented during the 10th ICAANE, giving an overview of current research, excavations and activities in Near Eastern archaeology. The first volume includes the „Statement about the Threat to Cultural Heritage in the Near East and North Africa“, signed in the course of the 10th ICAANE, as well as papers of the sections Transformation & Migration, Archaeology of Religion & Ritual, Images in Context and Islamic Archaeology. The second volume is dedicated to the main topics Prehistoric and Historical Landscapes & Settlement Patterns and Economy & Society, and is completed with Excavation Reports & Summaries.
The two-volume proceedings contain numerous contributions presented during the 10th ICAANE, giving an overview of current research, excavations and activities in Near Eastern archaeology. The first volume includes the "Statement about the Threat to Cultural Heritage in the Near East and North Africa", signed in the course of the 10th ICAANE, as well as papers of the sections Transformation & Migration, Archaeology of Religion & Ritual, Images in Context and Islamic Archaeology. The second volume is dedicated to the main topics Prehistoric and Historical Landscapes & Settlement Patterns and Economy & Society, and is completed with Excavation Reports & Summaries.
Gronenborn, D., & Horejs, B. (2023). Expansion of farming in western Eurasia, 9600 - 4000 cal BC (update vers. 2023.1). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10047818
See repository: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10047818
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https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/institute/career-further-training/open-positions
The successful candidate will be part of the research group »Urnfield Culture Networks« of Dr. Mario Gavranović (https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/research/prehistory-wana-archaeology/urnfield-culture-networks) and is expected to focus on the long-term investigation of the Bronze Age in Central and Southeastern Europe.
The successful candidate will be part of the research group »Quaternary Archaeology« of Dr. Thomas Einwögerer (https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/research/prehistory-wana-archaeology/quaternary-archaeology) and is expected to focus on the long-term investigation of the Palaeolithic societies with emphasis on Central Europe.
https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/institute/career-further-training/open-positions
The successful candidate will be part of Prof. Barbara Horejs' research group »Prehistoric Phenomena« (https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/research/prehistory-wana-archaeology/prehistoric-phenomena)
The successful candidate is expected to develop a project on Neolithic stone tools and stone objects.