Thure Pavlo Hauser

Copenhagen University, Dept of Science, Faculty Member

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I have a PhD in evolutionary biology, population genetics and ecology. In my research, I have primarily focused on

• Evolution of plants defenses against insect herbivores and pathogens
I am presently involved in a cross disciplinary project on the interactions between the crucifer Barbarea vulgaris, flea beetles (Phyllotreta nemorum) and white rust (Albugo candida); more information on http://www.ecogenomics.life.ku.dk/
• Hybridization between cultivated plants and their wild relatives, and its impact on the possible spread of transgenes from genetically modified crops
• Inbreeding depression in plants and its influence on evolution of mating system and conservation of small isolated plant populations

A full publication list can be found on
https://scholar.google.dk/citations?hl=en&user=4bJ7y64AAAAJ
Address: Section of Organismal Biology
Rolighedsvej 21
DK-1958 Frederiksberg C
Denmark

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Papers by Thure Pavlo Hauser

Different Geographical Distributions of Two Chemotypes of Barbarea vulgaris that Differ in Resistance to Insects and a Pathogen

Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014

The interactions of plants with herbivores and pathogens have been suggested to drive the evoluti... more The interactions of plants with herbivores and pathogens have been suggested to drive the evolution of resistances in plants and in some cases new lineages and taxa. However, such divergence may require reproductive isolation, e.g., in allopatry. In the crucifer Barbarea vulgaris, some plants are resistant to the flea beetle Phyllotreta nemorum, due to production of specific saponins, whereas others are susceptible. Resistant and susceptible plants additionally differ in resistance to the pathogen Albugo candida, content of glucosinolates, and leaf pubescence, and they are genetically strongly divergent and partially reproductively incompatible. This suggests that at some point they were separated for a considerable length of time. Previously, the insect susceptible P-type had been described only from Denmark, Sweden, and Estonia, whereas the resistant G-type is widely distributed in Western Europe. Here, we tested whether the two plant types have divergent geographical distributions and maintain their distinct trait associations throughout their range. The insectsusceptible type was found in Russia, the Baltics, and parts of Fennoscandia, but not in Central Europe. In contrast, the insect resistant type was found from Finland and westwards. Their different trait associations were consistent within the two ranges. We therefore suggest that the two plant types diverged in allopatry at some time in the past, and evolved different resistances in response to local antagonists. The two plant types probably maintain their distinctness due to a hybridization barrier. Thus, the present distributions of the two types may be shaped by both historical processes and current differential biotic selection.

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The cytochrome P450 CYP72A552 is key to production of hederagenin-based saponins that mediate plant defense against herbivores

New Phytologist

Hybrids between cultivated and wild carrots: a life history

Introgression from genetically modified plants into wild relatives, 2000

Frost sensitivity of hybrids between wild and cultivated carrots

Conserv Genet, 2002

Frost could potentially limit the survival of hybrids between cultivated and wild carrots in natu... more Frost could potentially limit the survival of hybrids between cultivated and wild carrots in natural habitats, and thereby the likelihood that (trans)genes spread from the crop to wild plants. To test this, cultivated, wild carrots and their hybrids were exposed to different frost treatments. Hybrids survived significantly less than the wild carrots, but only slightly better than the cultivars, indicating that frost will indeed limit their survival.

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Notes and Records

African Journal of Ecology, Dec 1, 1994

Susceptibility of wild carrot ( Daucus carota ssp. carota ) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

European Journal of Plant Pathology, Apr 14, 2008

Sclerotinia soft rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a severe disease of cultivated carro... more Sclerotinia soft rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a severe disease of cultivated carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) in storage. It is not known whether Sclerotinia soft rot also affects wild carrots (D. carota ssp. carota), which hybridise and exchange genes, among them resistance genes, with the cultivated carrot. We investigated the susceptibility of wild carrots to S. sclerotiorum isolates from cultivated carrot under controlled and outdoor conditions. Inoculated roots from both wild and cultivated plants produced sclerotia and soft rot in a growth chamber test. Two isolates differed significantly in the ability to produce lesions and sclerotia on roots of both wild carrots and cv. Bolero. Flowering stems of wild carrots produced dry, pale lesions after inoculation with the pathogen, and above-ground plant weight was significantly reduced 4 weeks after inoculation in a greenhouse test. Wild and cultivar rosette plants died earlier and fewer plants survived when inoculated with the pathogen under outdoor test conditions. Cultivar plants died earlier than wild plants, but survived as frequently. Plants inoculated in the crown died earlier and at a lower frequency than plants inoculated on leaves. Wild carrots may thus serve as a host of S. sclerotiorum and thus eventually benefit from any uptake of resistance genes, among them transgenes, via introgression from cultivated carrots.

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Planters naturlige forsvar mod forskellige samtidige skadevoldere

A- or C-chromosomes, does it matter for the transfer of transgenes from Brassica napus

TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000

Introgression of genes from allotetraploid Brassica napus into its diploid wild relative B. rapa ... more Introgression of genes from allotetraploid Brassica napus into its diploid wild relative B. rapa is generally considered to be inevitable. As a means to minimize a potential ecological risk in environments where B. rapa is growing, the insertion of transgenes into chromosome regions of B. napus with a very low probability of transfer to backcross generations with B. rapa has been proposed. Recently, the progeny of four backcross generations between transgenic herbicide-tolerant B. napus and B. rapa was studied in selection experiments (Metz et al. 1997). The rapid decrease in the frequency of herbicide-tolerant plants was explained by selection against the C-chromosomes of B. napus in favor of the homeologous A-chromosomes. Obviously, such C-chromosomes could be potential candidates as safe integration sites for transgenes. We considered these safety aspects using a simple population genetic model. Theory and experiments, however, do not favor the chromosomes of B. napus as safe candidates with respect to the introgression of transgenes into wild populations of B. rapa.

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Genetic and geographic structure of an insect resistant and a susceptible type of Barbarea vulgaris in western Europe

Evolutionary Ecology, 2012

Interactions between herbivores and plants are believed to have been important drivers of biodive... more Interactions between herbivores and plants are believed to have been important drivers of biodiversity. However, to drive an initial resistance divergence into different evolutionary lineages and taxa, these interactions have probably been embedded in other processes of divergence, like allopatric isolation. The cruciferous plant Barbarea vulgaris ssp. arcuata occurs in Denmark in two types: one (G) is resistant to most

Drought Stress and Inbreeding Depression in Lychnis flos-cuculi (Caryophyllaceae)

Evolution, 1996

Interactions between drought stress and inbreeding depression were studied in Lychnis flos-cuculi... more Interactions between drought stress and inbreeding depression were studied in Lychnis flos-cuculi. Four inbreeding levels (F = 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75), and three watering treatments were used. Performance was scored for germination rate and proportion, survival, plant size, proportion of plants flowering, flowering date, stem height, number of flowers, flower size, anther weight, fruiting proportion and number of capsules. Multiplicative fitness values were estimated from these traits. Inbreeding affected most of the traits studied, and a severe inbreeding depression was found for the combined fitness estimates. The higher inbreeding depression found here relative to the same family groups in a former experiment may reflect greater dominance and suppression in the present experiment at higher density.

Hybridization between Pyrola grandiflora and Pyrola minor in West Greenland: a tension zone maintained by clonality

Botany, 2012

Interspecific hybridization may lead to novel hybrid lineages and transfer of genetic material, p... more Interspecific hybridization may lead to novel hybrid lineages and transfer of genetic material, possibly enabling species to expand into new habitats. Alternatively, hybrids may be inviable or sterile, constraining movement of parental species and genes into each others range. Pyrola minor (L.) and Pyrola grandiflora (Rad.) hybridize on Disko Island in Greenland. A recent study found most hybrids to be F1 plants produced by P. minor mothers. Here, we test if later generation hybrids are indeed absent in a larger sample, using morphological and molecular markers. We further test if unidirectional hybridization is due to reproductive barriers. Intermediate plants were all F1 hybrids from P. minor mother plants. Our analyses indicate that hybrids originated from few hybridization events and have been maintained by clonal reproduction since then. Barriers to pollen flow between the species result from a combination of few pollinators, different flower morphology and phenology, high prop...

Cross compatibility of cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum L. and feral Gossypium barbadense L. in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

Cotton is the second most important cash crop contributing about 15% to the annual foreign earnin... more Cotton is the second most important cash crop contributing about 15% to the annual foreign earning in Tanzania and is purely from Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivars. Gossypium barbadense L., a textile source in other parts of the world occurs as a feral perennial of ornamental and medicinal value in home gardens. G. barbadense L. is a natural host of the red bollworm, a destructive pest to cotton. The Southern Highlands (SH) of Tanzania have been quarantined from cotton production to control spread of the red bollworm to other growing areas. Transgenic cotton expressing the delta-endotoxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) offers an alternative control to the pest and reduced dependence on insecticide. Gene flow between wild or valued feral relatives and transgenic crops is a biosafety concern should transgene escape result in resistance development and contamination of germplasm. Potential gene flow between feral G. barbadense (including accessions Gb 1 and Gb 2) from the SH and G. hirsutum cultivars was assessed using controlled hybridization. The crosses produced fertile F1 but intraspecific seeds from G. barbadense did not germinate. G. barbadense is more likely to receive than donate genes implying development of pest resistance if introgressed filial generations express the Bt product.

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Frost sensitivity of hybrids between wild and cultivated carrots

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Multiple hydroxyphenethyl glucosinolate isomers and their tandem mass spectrometric distinction in a geographically structured polymorphism in the crucifer Barbarea vulgaris

Phytochemistry, Jan 29, 2014

Two distinct glucosinolate (GSL) chemotypes (P and G-types) of Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae) w... more Two distinct glucosinolate (GSL) chemotypes (P and G-types) of Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae) were known from southern Scandinavia, but whether the types were consistent in a wider geographic area was not known. Populations (26) from Eastern and Central Europe were analyzed for GSLs in order to investigate whether the two types were consistent in this area. Most (21) could be attributed to one of the previously described GSL profile types, the P-type (13 populations) and the G-type (8 populations), based on differences in the stereochemistry of 2-hydroxylation, presence or absence of phenolic glucobarbarin derivatives, and qualitative differences in indole GSL decoration (tested for a subset of 8+6 populations only). The distinction agreed with previous molecular genetic analysis of the same individuals. Geographically, the P-type typically occurred in Eastern Europe while the G-type mainly occurred in Central Europe. Of the remaining five populations, minor deviations were observ...

A hybridisation barrier between two evolutionary lineages of Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae) that differ in biotic resistances

Evolutionary Ecology, 2016

The genome sequence of Barbarea vulgaris facilitates the study of ecological biochemistry

Scientific reports, Jan 17, 2017

The genus Barbarea has emerged as a model for evolution and ecology of plant defense compounds, d... more The genus Barbarea has emerged as a model for evolution and ecology of plant defense compounds, due to its unusual glucosinolate profile and production of saponins, unique to the Brassicaceae. One species, B. vulgaris, includes two 'types', G-type and P-type that differ in trichome density, and their glucosinolate and saponin profiles. A key difference is the stereochemistry of hydroxylation of their common phenethylglucosinolate backbone, leading to epimeric glucobarbarins. Here we report a draft genome sequence of the G-type, and re-sequencing of the P-type for comparison. This enables us to identify candidate genes underlying glucosinolate diversity, trichome density, and study the genetics of biochemical variation for glucosinolate and saponins. B. vulgaris is resistant to the diamondback moth, and may be exploited for "dead-end" trap cropping where glucosinolates stimulate oviposition and saponins deter larvae to the extent that they die. The B. vulgaris genom...

Natural colonisation of an open area by Quercus robur L.–From where did the vectors disperse the seed?

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 02827581 2011 644318, 2012

Vil transgener overf›res til vilde gulerødder via Sydeuropa?

Introgression of Crop Genes from Oilseed Rape (Brassica Napus) to Related Wild Species - an Avenue for the Escape of Engineered Genes

Acta Horticulturae, 1998

Population Fluctuations, Losses to Grazing, and Reproductive Success of Dactylorhiza sambucina on Bornholm, Denmark

Annales Botanici Fennici, 2014

Different Geographical Distributions of Two Chemotypes of Barbarea vulgaris that Differ in Resistance to Insects and a Pathogen

Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2014

Download

The cytochrome P450 CYP72A552 is key to production of hederagenin-based saponins that mediate plant defense against herbivores

New Phytologist

Hybrids between cultivated and wild carrots: a life history

Introgression from genetically modified plants into wild relatives, 2000

Frost sensitivity of hybrids between wild and cultivated carrots

Conserv Genet, 2002

Download

Notes and Records

African Journal of Ecology, Dec 1, 1994

Susceptibility of wild carrot ( Daucus carota ssp. carota ) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

European Journal of Plant Pathology, Apr 14, 2008

Download

Planters naturlige forsvar mod forskellige samtidige skadevoldere

A- or C-chromosomes, does it matter for the transfer of transgenes from Brassica napus

TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000

Download

Genetic and geographic structure of an insect resistant and a susceptible type of Barbarea vulgaris in western Europe

Evolutionary Ecology, 2012

Drought Stress and Inbreeding Depression in Lychnis flos-cuculi (Caryophyllaceae)

Evolution, 1996

Hybridization between Pyrola grandiflora and Pyrola minor in West Greenland: a tension zone maintained by clonality

Botany, 2012

Cross compatibility of cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum L. and feral Gossypium barbadense L. in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

Download

Frost sensitivity of hybrids between wild and cultivated carrots

Download

Multiple hydroxyphenethyl glucosinolate isomers and their tandem mass spectrometric distinction in a geographically structured polymorphism in the crucifer Barbarea vulgaris

Phytochemistry, Jan 29, 2014

A hybridisation barrier between two evolutionary lineages of Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae) that differ in biotic resistances

Evolutionary Ecology, 2016

The genome sequence of Barbarea vulgaris facilitates the study of ecological biochemistry

Scientific reports, Jan 17, 2017

Natural colonisation of an open area by Quercus robur L.–From where did the vectors disperse the seed?

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 02827581 2011 644318, 2012

Vil transgener overf›res til vilde gulerødder via Sydeuropa?

Introgression of Crop Genes from Oilseed Rape (Brassica Napus) to Related Wild Species - an Avenue for the Escape of Engineered Genes

Acta Horticulturae, 1998

Population Fluctuations, Losses to Grazing, and Reproductive Success of Dactylorhiza sambucina on Bornholm, Denmark

Annales Botanici Fennici, 2014

Invited speaker at the Joint BES and SFE Annual Meeting Lille 2014

Speaking about interactions between arthropod herbivores and pathogens and their impacts on plant... more

Iinvited speaker at Workshop: Plant-microbe-insect interactions: from molecular mechanisms to ecological implications

Plants play a central role in the sustainability of life on earth. Their function is strongly inf... more Plants play a central role in the sustainability of life on earth. Their function is strongly influenced by their intimate interaction with deleterious and beneficial organisms, including microbes and insects. Recently, traditional barriers between the fields of plant-microbe and plant-insect interactions have been breached, demonstrating that plant-microbeinsect interactions have far reaching consequences for the functioning and evolution of the organisms involved. This meeting will bring together molecular and ecological researchers from this emerging field. The objective is to give impetus to research on ecological and evolutionary implications of such threeway interactions, building on recent advances in unraveling the molecular basis of plant responses to both microbes and insects. The linking of scales from the cellular to the community level is a key goal of the workshop: This will make it innovative, interdisciplinary and a vital step to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning plantinsect-microbe interactions. The aim of this workshop is to discuss the major progresses in this new field of research, to train a critical mass of qualified researchers, enhancing future human resources, and to analyze the impact of this integrative approach on sustainable agriculture and environmental protection.

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Invited speaker at the Joint meeting of the British Ecological Society, the Biochemical Society, and the Society for Experimental Biology

Interactions between the crucifer Barbarea vulgaris, flea beetles (Phyllotreta nemorum), white ru... more

Booklet on Darwin and the origin of cultivated species - in Danish

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Thure Pavlo Hauser

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