This raw data is used to support the paper published in Faraday Discussions: https://doi.org/10.1... more This raw data is used to support the paper published in Faraday Discussions: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FD00132E.
The dataset includes the data of the figures in the scientific paperThe datafile includes the dat... more The dataset includes the data of the figures in the scientific paperThe datafile includes the data obtained from the study focusing on the formation of a highly conductive biofilm, able to convert carbon dioxide to organic compounds in bio-electrochemical system through microbial electrosynthesis, which is used in the paper with the title of "Parameters influencing the development of highly conductive and efficient biofilm during microbial electrosynthesis: the importance of applied potential and inorganic carbon source"currently in press in npj biofilms and microbiomes.
Data for manuscript in Applied Energy: The Effect of the Polarised Cathode, Formate and Ethanol o... more Data for manuscript in Applied Energy: The Effect of the Polarised Cathode, Formate and Ethanol on Chain Elongation of Acetate in Microbial Electrosynthesis
The critical reason for the ineffectiveness of the metal electrocatalysts for aqueous CO2 reducti... more The critical reason for the ineffectiveness of the metal electrocatalysts for aqueous CO2 reduction is H2 generation due to competitive proton (H+)/ water (H2O) reduction. P-block based electrocatalysts are among the potential candidates for CO2 reduction due to their high hydrogen overpotentials. Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb) and Indium (In) metal electrodes are well known electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to formate but little work has been done to engineer the surface structuring and analysis of the surface bound species. It is reported1 that the presence of metastable oxides on the surface of metal catalyst accelerates the CO2 conversion process by stabilizing the CO2 •− intermediate on the nano-interface contrary to pure metallic interfaces. Taking inspiration from the fact that activity of a catalyst depends upon the active nano-interface under exquisite control of local conditions, herein we report the modification of Sn and Sn-Pb-Sb alloy catalysts for CO2 conversion reaction. Thus in this study, we report the fabrication of oxide-derived (OD) Sn and multi−metallic alloy (Sn−Pb−Sb) electrodes which were prepared by electrochemical oxidation treatment at different potentials (4V, 5.5V, 7V and 9V vs. Ag/AgCl) in electrolyte of aqueous 0.3 M oxalic acid. We hypothesized that metastable oxides on multi-metallic nano-interfaces2 would not only stabilize the CO2 •− but would prefer C coordination of CO2 •− with evolved grain boundaries. The phase structure, morphology, oxidation state, and electrochemical behaviour of the electrodes were probed systematically. The results demonstrate that pristine Sn electrodes show higher CO2 conversion efficiency to formate (80% vs. 66%) compared to pristine Sn−Pb−Sb alloy electrode at −1.4 V vs. RHE. In contrast, the oxide derived alloy electrodes (OD−Sn−Pb−Sb) demonstrate higher CO2 reduction activity and enhanced selectivity to formic acid (90% vs. 85%) when compared to pristine OD-Sn electrodes under identical conditions. The improved CO2 reduction activity on preferentially grown OD-electrodes relative to the pristine metallic electrodes in both Sn and Sn−Pb−Sb alloy could be attributed to the presence of highly active sites on the grain boundary surfaces. Y. Chen and M. W. Kanan, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 1986-1989. 2. S. Rasul, D. H. Anjum, A. Jedidi, Y. Minenkov, L. Cavallo and K. Takanabe, Angew. Chem., 2015, 127, 2174-2178.
The clinical diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent a challenge to cli... more The clinical diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent a challenge to clinicians due to the variability of clinical symptomatology as well as the unavailability of reliable diagnostic tests. In this study, the development of a novel electrochemical assay and its potential to detect peripheral blood biomarkers to diagnose AD using plasma immunoglobulins is investigated. The immunosensor employs a gold electrode as the immobilizing substrate, albumin depleted plasma immunoglobulin as the biomarker, and polyclonal rabbit Anti-human immunoglobulin (against IgA, IgG, IgM) as the receptor for plasma conjugation. The assay showed good response, sensitivity and reproducibility in differentiating plasma immunoglobulin from AD and control subjects down to 10-9 dilutions of plasma immunoglobulin representing plasma content concentrations in the pg mL-1 range. The newly developed assay is highly sensitive, less time consuming, easy to handle, can be easily modified to de...
<ABS-P> <ABS-P><xps:span class="xps_Image">fx1</xps:span> <ABS-HEAD>Highlights► MFC is a novel bi... more <ABS-P> <ABS-P><xps:span class="xps_Image">fx1</xps:span> <ABS-HEAD>Highlights► MFC is a novel biotechnique for renewable and sustainable energy generation ► The paper presents various designs of MFC for bioenergy generation ► Electron losses, reactor configuration, varying concentration affect the performance of MFC ► MFC has the potential to generate around 23.3 Tera Watt of power by 2025 ► A slight modification in MFC results in hydrogen or ethanol as end products. <ABS-HEAD>Abstract <ABS-P>Numerous traditional methods are available for the conversion of waste to energy (WTE) such as incineration, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification. Most of them suffer from low efficiency and high energy requirements. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is an excellent alternative for the generation of renewable and sustainable energy and has the potential to help alleviate the current global energy crisis. The total wastewater generated in India is almost 250% of the total treatment capacity, and the Government is, therefore, looking for a sustainable solution for the treatment of waste. Indian population consumes around 700 billion cubic meters of water annually, and this figure will rise to 950 and 1422 billion m 3 by 2025 and 2050 respectively. Although treatment of wastewater is a serious concern, the energy recovery potential of wastewater has not yet been fully developed. A survey has been conducted through this study, and it was estimated that MFC technology has the potential to generate around 23.3 and 40 Tera Watt (TW) power by 2025 and 2050 by treating wastewater generated throughout India (urban areas) if utilized properly. This review article presents a various aspect of MFC technology for a proper understanding by the readers. This will be a unique study wherein the energy recovery potential of the wastewater produced in the Indian subcontinent has been estimated through MFC technology. A number of factors affecting the performance of MFC such as electron losses, reactor configuration, and varying concentration must be taken into account to augment output energy. The article summarizes an extensive literature survey of some selected papers published in the last decade.
Recently, direct oxidation alkaline fuel cells (DOAFCs) have attracted interest due to the possib... more Recently, direct oxidation alkaline fuel cells (DOAFCs) have attracted interest due to the possible use of low-cost and more abundant materials for catalysts and membranes [1-6]. Progress has been also made on achieving high power output. An et al. [7] reported that direct alcohol alkaline fuel cell consisted of non-noble metal cathode catalyst (Acta 4020), PdNi/C for ethanol oxidation, PTFE as binder in catalyst layers, and commercial Tokuyama A201 anion exchange membrane. The fuel cell produced a power density of as much as 100 mW cm-2 using 3.0 M methanol and 5.0 M KOH at anode [7]. However, there has been a great concern on the CO 2 production from alcohols oxidation and ambient air which can cause carbonation of fuel cell especially with KOH or NaOH circulating at anode [3, 8]. An example is a methanol fuel cell operating with 6.0 M KOH by Murray [9]. Performances at 0.3 V decreased steadily over 70 h at 60°C and 94 h at 30°C, mainly due to anode degradation [9]. Furthermore, a comprehensive review by Antonlini summarized that the stability of DOAFCs is reasonable with either no alkaline solution presence in the fuel cell or no CO 2 from the anode oxidation of alcohols [10]. The other challenge is that DOAFCs still feed on pure oxygen or CO 2 free air at the cathode side. In a hydrogen fuelled alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell, Piania et al. [11] reported that the power density of fuel cell with CO 2 free air dropped from around 350 to <100 mW cm-2 after switch to atmospheric air for the cathode. The main disadvantage of using pure oxygen in DOAFCs is the oxygen storage especially for portable device applications. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop a direct alcohol fuel cell system can handle CO 2 from both alcohol oxidation and atmospheric air. Lang et al. [12] proposed a low temperature carbonate fuel cells (LTCFCs) what is shown in Figure 1. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are fed to the cathode and produce carbonate ions by electrochemical reduction (Eq. 1), which transport through the electrolyte to reach the anode. At the anode, methanol is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water (Eq. 2). The CO 2 from the anode could potentially be reused in the cathode reaction as indicated by the dash arrows in Figure 1. Furthermore, they established that CO 2 is crucial to maintain the cell reaction, the cell potential dropped continuously without CO 2 supply due to the insufficient carbonate ions for anode oxidation reaction [12].
In this study, detection and measurement of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration has b... more In this study, detection and measurement of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration has been achieved by electrochemical method in one operation step. Multilayer films of poly(dimethyldiallyammonium chloride) (PDA) wrapped multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and two enzymes acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOD) were assembled on a carbon screen printed electrode by the layer-by-layer (LbL) immobilization. The fine polymer-enzyme layers produced by the LbL method, allowed mass transport from the reactant cascading down the layers to accomplish the two-step enzyme reactions. The polymer-CNTs and enzyme modified electrode exhibited good electrocatalytical property retaining enzyme activity. Linear increase of anodic current from H 2 O 2 produced from NEFA oxidation was observed with the increasing concentrations of oleic acid. These results indicate a promising technique for a simple, rapid one-step determination of NEFA for diabetes management.
In this work, a method of fabricating enzyme electrodes with the potential application for biofue... more In this work, a method of fabricating enzyme electrodes with the potential application for biofuel cells and biosensors was investigated. Enzyme electrodes were prepared by entrapping native glucose oxidase (GOx) and ferrocene wired GOx (FeFcGOx), as the dopants, in conducting polypyrrole matrices by electropolymerization. Furthermore, the developed polymer enzyme layer was characterized by physical and electrochemical analysis, and glucose oxidation activity on both electrodes was studied. Both electrodes showed direct electrical communication between the enzyme and electrode surface. Low glucose oxidation current was observed from the electrode containing GOx. Higher glucose oxidation current was obtained with FeFcGOx, and the current increased with the escalating glucose concentration suggesting that efficient electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode surface were achieved. A maximum sensitivity of 20 mM for glucose concentration was obtained for the polymer electrode prepared from FeFcGOx.
h i g h l i g h t s < First study of using Au/MnO 2 eC nanocomposite as the anode catalyst for di... more h i g h l i g h t s < First study of using Au/MnO 2 eC nanocomposite as the anode catalyst for direct glucose alkaline fuel cells (DGAFCs).
In this study, the feasibility of introducing redox property to an amphiphilic phospholipid polym... more In this study, the feasibility of introducing redox property to an amphiphilic phospholipid polymer (PMBN) was investigated. The active ester group in the side chain of the polymer was used to react with pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ). Redox peaks that corresponded to PQQ redox potentials were observed after the modification. Glucose oxidase was immobilized to the modified polymer. Electrochemical oxidation of glucose was carried out with the polymer electrode. The oxidation current increased with elevating glucose concentration indicating electron transfer established between the electrode and enzyme. It suggests that by modification, PMBN is possible to use for enzyme electrode for bioelectronics.
Glucose Oxidation Using Oxygen Resistant Pyranose-2Oxidase for Biofuel Cell Applications Samet Sa... more Glucose Oxidation Using Oxygen Resistant Pyranose-2Oxidase for Biofuel Cell Applications Samet Sahin*, Thanyaporn Wongnate, Pimchai Chaiyen, Eileen H. Yu* Newcastle University, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, NE1 7RU, UK Department of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence in Protein Structure and Function Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand. [email protected], [email protected]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Newcastle Un... more This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Newcastle University ePrints-eprint.ncl.ac.uk
Electrochemical Investigation of Aerobic Biocathodes at Different Poised Potentials: Evidence for... more Electrochemical Investigation of Aerobic Biocathodes at Different Poised Potentials: Evidence for Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer Edward Milner, Keith Scott, Ian Head, Tom Curtis, Eileen Yu* School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 7RU School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 7RU [email protected]
This review summaries recent development across electro-, photoelectro- and bioelectro-catalyst d... more This review summaries recent development across electro-, photoelectro- and bioelectro-catalyst developments for multi-carbon products from CO2. It also explores the role of device design and operating conditions in enabling C–C bond generation.
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture and utilization have been frequently described as promising techni... more Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture and utilization have been frequently described as promising technical routes in the numerous decarbonization manifestos in the last few decades, with the advantages of producing high value chemical products and energy feedstock. [1] Among all technologies envisaged by far, electrochemical reduction of CO 2 has been recognized as a distinguished candidate on the road toward highly efficient conversion of CO 2 at scale-up applications because of its controllable process, [2] moderate reactions under ambient conditions, and highly designable and productive outputs (e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , formic acid (HCOOH), methanol (CH 3 OH), and ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH)). [5] However, a number of challenges in the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (eCO 2 RR) remain to be tackled, e.g., inertness of CO 2 , [6] which requires a high overpotential (OP) to be kinetically activated, its low solubility in electrolyte [7] that easily lead to low efficient reaction, desired yield selection process for mixed productions through enhance selectivity [8] and catalytic activity, [9] and durability of the reaction/system especially at a scale-up process. Current researches in eCO 2 RR mostly focus on developing novel catalysts with designed morphology, crystallization,
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2021
BACKGROUND: The concept of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) conversion to formate has attracted increasing ... more BACKGROUND: The concept of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) conversion to formate has attracted increasing interest in recent years and various small-scale studies are present in the literature. However, upscaling of electrochemical CO 2 reduction comes with many challenges and there are very few reports available on it. In this study, we present a scalable three-chamber reactor system for electrochemical CO 2 reduction to formate, a precursor suitable for the production of fuels, pharmaceuticals and fertilizers and its extraction as pure formic acid by electrodialysis. The reactor produced 11.7 g L -1 formic acid in 6 h, i.e. 1.95 g L -1 h -1 at -1.8 V applied potential, 5 mol L -1 KOH as an electrolyte, GDE (gas diffusion electrode) cathode with SnO 2 catalyst and Nafion™ 200 membrane. The maximum Faradaic efficiency achieved was 38%. In addition, recovery of the formate is equally important as its production for use as feedstock to form chemicals. We therefore also investigated the extraction of formic acid through conventional electrodialysis (CED) and bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). The formic acid was extracted with 88% recovery using CED and 46% with BMED. Furthermore, BMED resulted in recovery of >95% K + as base and 12 L pure CO 2 for possible recycling to the electrochemical cell. CONCLUSION: We consider this study to provide essential empirical evidence on factors influencing the scale-up and subsequent performance of a liquid electrolyte-based electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) system to formate and its extraction at scale. However, optimized systems and operating strategies still need further investigation, and constituent materials, particularly in terms of membranes and cathode catalyst, need to be developed.
This raw data is used to support the paper published in Faraday Discussions: https://doi.org/10.1... more This raw data is used to support the paper published in Faraday Discussions: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FD00132E.
The dataset includes the data of the figures in the scientific paperThe datafile includes the dat... more The dataset includes the data of the figures in the scientific paperThe datafile includes the data obtained from the study focusing on the formation of a highly conductive biofilm, able to convert carbon dioxide to organic compounds in bio-electrochemical system through microbial electrosynthesis, which is used in the paper with the title of "Parameters influencing the development of highly conductive and efficient biofilm during microbial electrosynthesis: the importance of applied potential and inorganic carbon source"currently in press in npj biofilms and microbiomes.
Data for manuscript in Applied Energy: The Effect of the Polarised Cathode, Formate and Ethanol o... more Data for manuscript in Applied Energy: The Effect of the Polarised Cathode, Formate and Ethanol on Chain Elongation of Acetate in Microbial Electrosynthesis
The critical reason for the ineffectiveness of the metal electrocatalysts for aqueous CO2 reducti... more The critical reason for the ineffectiveness of the metal electrocatalysts for aqueous CO2 reduction is H2 generation due to competitive proton (H+)/ water (H2O) reduction. P-block based electrocatalysts are among the potential candidates for CO2 reduction due to their high hydrogen overpotentials. Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb) and Indium (In) metal electrodes are well known electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to formate but little work has been done to engineer the surface structuring and analysis of the surface bound species. It is reported1 that the presence of metastable oxides on the surface of metal catalyst accelerates the CO2 conversion process by stabilizing the CO2 •− intermediate on the nano-interface contrary to pure metallic interfaces. Taking inspiration from the fact that activity of a catalyst depends upon the active nano-interface under exquisite control of local conditions, herein we report the modification of Sn and Sn-Pb-Sb alloy catalysts for CO2 conversion reaction. Thus in this study, we report the fabrication of oxide-derived (OD) Sn and multi−metallic alloy (Sn−Pb−Sb) electrodes which were prepared by electrochemical oxidation treatment at different potentials (4V, 5.5V, 7V and 9V vs. Ag/AgCl) in electrolyte of aqueous 0.3 M oxalic acid. We hypothesized that metastable oxides on multi-metallic nano-interfaces2 would not only stabilize the CO2 •− but would prefer C coordination of CO2 •− with evolved grain boundaries. The phase structure, morphology, oxidation state, and electrochemical behaviour of the electrodes were probed systematically. The results demonstrate that pristine Sn electrodes show higher CO2 conversion efficiency to formate (80% vs. 66%) compared to pristine Sn−Pb−Sb alloy electrode at −1.4 V vs. RHE. In contrast, the oxide derived alloy electrodes (OD−Sn−Pb−Sb) demonstrate higher CO2 reduction activity and enhanced selectivity to formic acid (90% vs. 85%) when compared to pristine OD-Sn electrodes under identical conditions. The improved CO2 reduction activity on preferentially grown OD-electrodes relative to the pristine metallic electrodes in both Sn and Sn−Pb−Sb alloy could be attributed to the presence of highly active sites on the grain boundary surfaces. Y. Chen and M. W. Kanan, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 1986-1989. 2. S. Rasul, D. H. Anjum, A. Jedidi, Y. Minenkov, L. Cavallo and K. Takanabe, Angew. Chem., 2015, 127, 2174-2178.
The clinical diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent a challenge to cli... more The clinical diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent a challenge to clinicians due to the variability of clinical symptomatology as well as the unavailability of reliable diagnostic tests. In this study, the development of a novel electrochemical assay and its potential to detect peripheral blood biomarkers to diagnose AD using plasma immunoglobulins is investigated. The immunosensor employs a gold electrode as the immobilizing substrate, albumin depleted plasma immunoglobulin as the biomarker, and polyclonal rabbit Anti-human immunoglobulin (against IgA, IgG, IgM) as the receptor for plasma conjugation. The assay showed good response, sensitivity and reproducibility in differentiating plasma immunoglobulin from AD and control subjects down to 10-9 dilutions of plasma immunoglobulin representing plasma content concentrations in the pg mL-1 range. The newly developed assay is highly sensitive, less time consuming, easy to handle, can be easily modified to de...
<ABS-P> <ABS-P><xps:span class="xps_Image">fx1</xps:span> <ABS-HEAD>Highlights► MFC is a novel bi... more <ABS-P> <ABS-P><xps:span class="xps_Image">fx1</xps:span> <ABS-HEAD>Highlights► MFC is a novel biotechnique for renewable and sustainable energy generation ► The paper presents various designs of MFC for bioenergy generation ► Electron losses, reactor configuration, varying concentration affect the performance of MFC ► MFC has the potential to generate around 23.3 Tera Watt of power by 2025 ► A slight modification in MFC results in hydrogen or ethanol as end products. <ABS-HEAD>Abstract <ABS-P>Numerous traditional methods are available for the conversion of waste to energy (WTE) such as incineration, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification. Most of them suffer from low efficiency and high energy requirements. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is an excellent alternative for the generation of renewable and sustainable energy and has the potential to help alleviate the current global energy crisis. The total wastewater generated in India is almost 250% of the total treatment capacity, and the Government is, therefore, looking for a sustainable solution for the treatment of waste. Indian population consumes around 700 billion cubic meters of water annually, and this figure will rise to 950 and 1422 billion m 3 by 2025 and 2050 respectively. Although treatment of wastewater is a serious concern, the energy recovery potential of wastewater has not yet been fully developed. A survey has been conducted through this study, and it was estimated that MFC technology has the potential to generate around 23.3 and 40 Tera Watt (TW) power by 2025 and 2050 by treating wastewater generated throughout India (urban areas) if utilized properly. This review article presents a various aspect of MFC technology for a proper understanding by the readers. This will be a unique study wherein the energy recovery potential of the wastewater produced in the Indian subcontinent has been estimated through MFC technology. A number of factors affecting the performance of MFC such as electron losses, reactor configuration, and varying concentration must be taken into account to augment output energy. The article summarizes an extensive literature survey of some selected papers published in the last decade.
Recently, direct oxidation alkaline fuel cells (DOAFCs) have attracted interest due to the possib... more Recently, direct oxidation alkaline fuel cells (DOAFCs) have attracted interest due to the possible use of low-cost and more abundant materials for catalysts and membranes [1-6]. Progress has been also made on achieving high power output. An et al. [7] reported that direct alcohol alkaline fuel cell consisted of non-noble metal cathode catalyst (Acta 4020), PdNi/C for ethanol oxidation, PTFE as binder in catalyst layers, and commercial Tokuyama A201 anion exchange membrane. The fuel cell produced a power density of as much as 100 mW cm-2 using 3.0 M methanol and 5.0 M KOH at anode [7]. However, there has been a great concern on the CO 2 production from alcohols oxidation and ambient air which can cause carbonation of fuel cell especially with KOH or NaOH circulating at anode [3, 8]. An example is a methanol fuel cell operating with 6.0 M KOH by Murray [9]. Performances at 0.3 V decreased steadily over 70 h at 60°C and 94 h at 30°C, mainly due to anode degradation [9]. Furthermore, a comprehensive review by Antonlini summarized that the stability of DOAFCs is reasonable with either no alkaline solution presence in the fuel cell or no CO 2 from the anode oxidation of alcohols [10]. The other challenge is that DOAFCs still feed on pure oxygen or CO 2 free air at the cathode side. In a hydrogen fuelled alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell, Piania et al. [11] reported that the power density of fuel cell with CO 2 free air dropped from around 350 to <100 mW cm-2 after switch to atmospheric air for the cathode. The main disadvantage of using pure oxygen in DOAFCs is the oxygen storage especially for portable device applications. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop a direct alcohol fuel cell system can handle CO 2 from both alcohol oxidation and atmospheric air. Lang et al. [12] proposed a low temperature carbonate fuel cells (LTCFCs) what is shown in Figure 1. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are fed to the cathode and produce carbonate ions by electrochemical reduction (Eq. 1), which transport through the electrolyte to reach the anode. At the anode, methanol is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water (Eq. 2). The CO 2 from the anode could potentially be reused in the cathode reaction as indicated by the dash arrows in Figure 1. Furthermore, they established that CO 2 is crucial to maintain the cell reaction, the cell potential dropped continuously without CO 2 supply due to the insufficient carbonate ions for anode oxidation reaction [12].
In this study, detection and measurement of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration has b... more In this study, detection and measurement of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration has been achieved by electrochemical method in one operation step. Multilayer films of poly(dimethyldiallyammonium chloride) (PDA) wrapped multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and two enzymes acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOD) were assembled on a carbon screen printed electrode by the layer-by-layer (LbL) immobilization. The fine polymer-enzyme layers produced by the LbL method, allowed mass transport from the reactant cascading down the layers to accomplish the two-step enzyme reactions. The polymer-CNTs and enzyme modified electrode exhibited good electrocatalytical property retaining enzyme activity. Linear increase of anodic current from H 2 O 2 produced from NEFA oxidation was observed with the increasing concentrations of oleic acid. These results indicate a promising technique for a simple, rapid one-step determination of NEFA for diabetes management.
In this work, a method of fabricating enzyme electrodes with the potential application for biofue... more In this work, a method of fabricating enzyme electrodes with the potential application for biofuel cells and biosensors was investigated. Enzyme electrodes were prepared by entrapping native glucose oxidase (GOx) and ferrocene wired GOx (FeFcGOx), as the dopants, in conducting polypyrrole matrices by electropolymerization. Furthermore, the developed polymer enzyme layer was characterized by physical and electrochemical analysis, and glucose oxidation activity on both electrodes was studied. Both electrodes showed direct electrical communication between the enzyme and electrode surface. Low glucose oxidation current was observed from the electrode containing GOx. Higher glucose oxidation current was obtained with FeFcGOx, and the current increased with the escalating glucose concentration suggesting that efficient electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode surface were achieved. A maximum sensitivity of 20 mM for glucose concentration was obtained for the polymer electrode prepared from FeFcGOx.
h i g h l i g h t s < First study of using Au/MnO 2 eC nanocomposite as the anode catalyst for di... more h i g h l i g h t s < First study of using Au/MnO 2 eC nanocomposite as the anode catalyst for direct glucose alkaline fuel cells (DGAFCs).
In this study, the feasibility of introducing redox property to an amphiphilic phospholipid polym... more In this study, the feasibility of introducing redox property to an amphiphilic phospholipid polymer (PMBN) was investigated. The active ester group in the side chain of the polymer was used to react with pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ). Redox peaks that corresponded to PQQ redox potentials were observed after the modification. Glucose oxidase was immobilized to the modified polymer. Electrochemical oxidation of glucose was carried out with the polymer electrode. The oxidation current increased with elevating glucose concentration indicating electron transfer established between the electrode and enzyme. It suggests that by modification, PMBN is possible to use for enzyme electrode for bioelectronics.
Glucose Oxidation Using Oxygen Resistant Pyranose-2Oxidase for Biofuel Cell Applications Samet Sa... more Glucose Oxidation Using Oxygen Resistant Pyranose-2Oxidase for Biofuel Cell Applications Samet Sahin*, Thanyaporn Wongnate, Pimchai Chaiyen, Eileen H. Yu* Newcastle University, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, NE1 7RU, UK Department of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence in Protein Structure and Function Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand. [email protected], [email protected]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Newcastle Un... more This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Newcastle University ePrints-eprint.ncl.ac.uk
Electrochemical Investigation of Aerobic Biocathodes at Different Poised Potentials: Evidence for... more Electrochemical Investigation of Aerobic Biocathodes at Different Poised Potentials: Evidence for Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer Edward Milner, Keith Scott, Ian Head, Tom Curtis, Eileen Yu* School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 7RU School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 7RU [email protected]
This review summaries recent development across electro-, photoelectro- and bioelectro-catalyst d... more This review summaries recent development across electro-, photoelectro- and bioelectro-catalyst developments for multi-carbon products from CO2. It also explores the role of device design and operating conditions in enabling C–C bond generation.
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture and utilization have been frequently described as promising techni... more Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture and utilization have been frequently described as promising technical routes in the numerous decarbonization manifestos in the last few decades, with the advantages of producing high value chemical products and energy feedstock. [1] Among all technologies envisaged by far, electrochemical reduction of CO 2 has been recognized as a distinguished candidate on the road toward highly efficient conversion of CO 2 at scale-up applications because of its controllable process, [2] moderate reactions under ambient conditions, and highly designable and productive outputs (e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , formic acid (HCOOH), methanol (CH 3 OH), and ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH)). [5] However, a number of challenges in the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (eCO 2 RR) remain to be tackled, e.g., inertness of CO 2 , [6] which requires a high overpotential (OP) to be kinetically activated, its low solubility in electrolyte [7] that easily lead to low efficient reaction, desired yield selection process for mixed productions through enhance selectivity [8] and catalytic activity, [9] and durability of the reaction/system especially at a scale-up process. Current researches in eCO 2 RR mostly focus on developing novel catalysts with designed morphology, crystallization,
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2021
BACKGROUND: The concept of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) conversion to formate has attracted increasing ... more BACKGROUND: The concept of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) conversion to formate has attracted increasing interest in recent years and various small-scale studies are present in the literature. However, upscaling of electrochemical CO 2 reduction comes with many challenges and there are very few reports available on it. In this study, we present a scalable three-chamber reactor system for electrochemical CO 2 reduction to formate, a precursor suitable for the production of fuels, pharmaceuticals and fertilizers and its extraction as pure formic acid by electrodialysis. The reactor produced 11.7 g L -1 formic acid in 6 h, i.e. 1.95 g L -1 h -1 at -1.8 V applied potential, 5 mol L -1 KOH as an electrolyte, GDE (gas diffusion electrode) cathode with SnO 2 catalyst and Nafion™ 200 membrane. The maximum Faradaic efficiency achieved was 38%. In addition, recovery of the formate is equally important as its production for use as feedstock to form chemicals. We therefore also investigated the extraction of formic acid through conventional electrodialysis (CED) and bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). The formic acid was extracted with 88% recovery using CED and 46% with BMED. Furthermore, BMED resulted in recovery of >95% K + as base and 12 L pure CO 2 for possible recycling to the electrochemical cell. CONCLUSION: We consider this study to provide essential empirical evidence on factors influencing the scale-up and subsequent performance of a liquid electrolyte-based electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) system to formate and its extraction at scale. However, optimized systems and operating strategies still need further investigation, and constituent materials, particularly in terms of membranes and cathode catalyst, need to be developed.
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