Papers by Marjorie D Kibby
The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 2008
To cite this article: Kibby, Marjorie. Internet Induced Changes in Music Consumption Patterns [on... more To cite this article: Kibby, Marjorie. Internet Induced Changes in Music Consumption Patterns [online]. In: Crowdy, Denis (Editor). Popular Music: Commemoration, Commodification and Communication: Proceedings of the 2004 IASPM Australia New Zealand Conference, ...
Springer eBooks, 2009
Peer-to-peer sharing of music files grew in the face of consumer dissatisfaction with the compact... more Peer-to-peer sharing of music files grew in the face of consumer dissatisfaction with the compact disc and the absence of any real alternative. Many users were more or less “forced” to turn to illegal file sharing to access single tracks, back catalogues, and niche genres. Recently the almost simultaneous arrival of broadband internet and the iPod has seen music downloading become a respectable activity and a multi-billion dollar industry. However, file sharing was more than the fastest or cheapest way to gain access to music. File sharing ...
M/C Journal, Oct 13, 2016
IntroductionI spent five days on the Arizona Utah border, photographing Monument Valley and the s... more IntroductionI spent five days on the Arizona Utah border, photographing Monument Valley and the surrounding areas as part of a group of eight undertaking a landscape photography workshop under the direction of a Navajo guide. Observing where our guide was taking us, and watching and talking to other tourist photographers, I was reminded of John Urry’s concept of the “tourist gaze” and the idea that tourists see destinations in terms of the promotional images they are familiar with (Urry 1). It seemed that tourists re-created images drawn from the popular imaginary, inserting themselves into familiar narratives of place. The goal of the research was to look specifically at the tourist gaze, that is, the way that tourists see view destinations and then represent that vision in their images. Circle of Representation Urry explained the tourist gaze as a particular way of seeing the world as a series of images created by the tourism industry; images which were then consumed or collected through tourist photography. He saw this as constituting a “closed circle of representation” where the images employed by the tourism industry to attract tourists to particular destinations were reproduced in tourists’ own holiday snaps, and as more tourists sought out these locations, they were increasingly used to represent the destination. Susan Sontag saw travel employed as “a strategy for accumulating photographs” (9) suggesting that the images were the culmination of the journey. Urry also saw the end point of tourism as travellers to a destination “demonstrating that they have really been there by showing their version of the images that they had seen originally before they set off” (140).Talking to the guide, my group, and other tourists about the images we were recording, and reviewing images tagged Monument Valley on Instagram revealed that digital and network technologies had altered tourists’ photographic practices. Tourist impressions of destinations come from a wide range of popular culture sources. They have, even on smartphones, fairly sophisticated tools for creating images; and they have diverse networks for distributing their images. Increasingly, the images that tourists see as representative of Monument Valley came from popular culture and social media, and not simply from tourism promotions. People are posting their travel images online, and are in turn looking to posts from others in their search for travel information (Akehurst 55). The current circle of representation in tourist photography is not simply a process of capturing promotional imagery, but an interaction between tourists that draws upon films, television, and other popular culture forms. Tourist photographs are less a matter of “consuming places” (Urry 259) and more an identity performance through which they create ongoing personal narratives of place by inserting themselves into pre-existing stories about the destination and circulating the new narratives.Jenkins analysed brochures on Australia available to potential tourists in Vancouver, Canada, and determined that the key photographic images used to promote Australia were Uluru and the Sydney Opera House, followed by sandy beaches alongside tropical blue waters. Interviews with Canadian backpackers travelling around Australia, and an examination of the images these backpackers took with the disposable cameras they were given, found a correlation between the brochure images and the personal photographs. Jenkins concluded that the results supported Urry’s theory of a closed circle of representation, in that the images from the brochures were “tracked down and recaptured, and the resulting photographs displayed upon return home by the backpackers as evidence of the trip” (Jenkins 324).Garrod randomly selected 25 tourists along the seafront of Aberystwyth, Wales, and gave them a single-use camera, a brief socio-demographic questionnaire, a photo log, and a reply-paid envelope in which they could return these items. The tourists were asked to take 12 photos and log the reason they took each photograph and what they tried to capture in terms of their visit to Aberystwyth. Nine females and four males returned their cameras, providing 164 photographs, which were compared with 70 postcards depicting Aberystwyth. While an initial comparison revealed similarities in the content of tourist photographs and the picture postcards of the town, Garrod’s analysis revealed two main differences: postcards featured wide angle or panoramic views, while tourist photos tended to be close up or detail shots and postcards included natural features, particularly bodies of water, while tourist photographs were more often of buildings and man-made structures. Garrod concluded that the relationship between tourism industry images and tourist photographs “might be more subtle and complex than simply for the two protagonists in the relationship to mimic one other” (356).MethodIdentifying a tourist’s motivation for…
Convergence, Mar 1, 1999
Abstract Information about the Australian Aboriginal musical instrument, the didjeridu, has sprea... more Abstract Information about the Australian Aboriginal musical instrument, the didjeridu, has spread rapidly and widely over the internet. Analysing more than a hundred didj-related web sites, and monitoring the exchanges on a didjeridu mailing list, I found that the information could be roughly grouped into three categories: new age/world music pages; didjeridu musicians' forums; and Aboriginal community sites. The information represented three types of cultural exchange that ranged from the appropriation of aspects of Aboriginal culture to ...
Springer eBooks, 2020
While young tourists use various sources of information when planning travel, they place greater ... more While young tourists use various sources of information when planning travel, they place greater trust in user-generated content than in information from travel service providers. The tourist photograph has long been used as evidence of travel to distant or exotic places and to inspire others’ travel choices. However, social media such as Instagram has amplified the connection between tourism and photography, with young travellers seeking out destinations depicted in their social networks. A content analysis of Instagram images of Australian beaches and their hashtags reveals a closed circle of representation where tourist images are driving beach vacation decisions with implications for not just tourism marketing, but also coastal environment and infrastructure management.
The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, Mar 12, 2015
This paper proposes a model of student support based on student goals and strengths, rather than ... more This paper proposes a model of student support based on student goals and strengths, rather than addressing their weaknesses. It argues that Hope Theory can be used in education as it has been used in counselling to assist students to develop goal setting and a sense of agency by building on their strengths. It suggests that careful curriculum design and engaged learning are essential to building hope and eventual learning success; and that this can be achieved through ongoing collaboration between professional and academic staff. While acknowledging the limitations of a convenience sample, it presents a case study of a single first year course with an enrolment of 250 students.
Canadian Journal of Film Studies, Mar 1, 1998
Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, Dec 7, 2016
While surveillance is usually understood as the purposeful monitoring of individuals by those in ... more While surveillance is usually understood as the purposeful monitoring of individuals by those in authority (Lyon 2007), Albrechtslund (2013) describes a type of surveillance where people willingly keep watch on each other through social media, calling it 'participatory surveillance'. An anonymous focus group and online survey of 81 Australians categorised as part of the Millennial Generation investigated their experience of both authority and participatory surveillance on Facebook, that is, their awareness of the level of surveillance they themselves are under and their surveillance of others. The results reveal that this group are generally concerned about privacy and security for their personal information, though not always sure what they should do to ensure it, and that they are willing to access and distribute the personal information of others. They generally feel that protecting their information from individuals and from the government is a greater concern than ensuring privacy from commercial entities. However this group believe that a reduction in privacy, on and off line, is part of contemporary life, and giving up some information is necessary to participate in the online environment. Social media's participatory surveillance appears to be preparing young people for a lifetime of being watched, by helping to redefine understandings of privacy.
Men and Masculinities, Apr 1, 1999
On adult video-conferencing sites, men present sexualized bodies as objects of the gaze through a... more On adult video-conferencing sites, men present sexualized bodies as objects of the gaze through an interactive medium that enables, while it limits, the possibility of the passive and the feminine. Within this unstable subject/object framework, the men construct a masculine subjectivity and a male sexual identity. Male sexuality, through the medium of CU-SeeMe, is both an affirmational community performance and an individual erotic display. These sites combine established conventions of film and the evolving practices of electronic chat to produce new discourses of male sexual display.
Information, Communication & Society, Apr 1, 2009
Despite the importance of digital music in most young people's lives, th... more Despite the importance of digital music in most young people's lives, there has been little academic research into the meanings attached to these acquisitions and the patterns of organization of and access to them. This study reviewed the existing research into music collections, and interviewed 35 young people whose first music acquisitions were music files or whose current collections consisted predominantly of music files. The results suggest that many young people have acquired a large amount of music in file formats, and relate to ...
New Media & Society, Dec 1, 2005
Email communication fosters an environment where messages have an inherent 'truth value' while at... more Email communication fosters an environment where messages have an inherent 'truth value' while at the same time senders have reduced inhibitions about the types of messages sent. When this is combined with a convenience and ease of communication and an ability to contact huge numbers of people simultaneously, email becomes a rapid and effective distribution mechanism for gossip, rumour and urban legends. Email has enabled not only the birth of new folklore, but also the revival of older stories with contemporary relevance and has facilitated their distribution on an unprecedented scale.
Sexualities, Aug 1, 2001
An analysis of participation in adult video-conferencing on the internet reveals a subversion of ... more An analysis of participation in adult video-conferencing on the internet reveals a subversion of traditional relations between the image and the act in pornography, providing an `interactive' sex entertainment which is both representation (or image) and presentation (or act). CU-SeeMe offers an experience that is at the same time both image and act, creating a space that accommodates multiple and fluid roles, allowing the positions of spectator and spectacle to be freely exchanged, and rewriting active/passive gender relations. In proposing that interactive CU-SeeMe sex entertainment blurs the boundaries between image and act, this article suggests that online interactive sex entertainment allows for the possibility of rewriting codes of sexuality.
M/C Journal, 2016
IntroductionI spent five days on the Arizona Utah border, photographing Monument Valley and the s... more IntroductionI spent five days on the Arizona Utah border, photographing Monument Valley and the surrounding areas as part of a group of eight undertaking a landscape photography workshop under the direction of a Navajo guide. Observing where our guide was taking us, and watching and talking to other tourist photographers, I was reminded of John Urry’s concept of the “tourist gaze” and the idea that tourists see destinations in terms of the promotional images they are familiar with (Urry 1). It seemed that tourists re-created images drawn from the popular imaginary, inserting themselves into familiar narratives of place. The goal of the research was to look specifically at the tourist gaze, that is, the way that tourists see view destinations and then represent that vision in their images. Circle of Representation Urry explained the tourist gaze as a particular way of seeing the world as a series of images created by the tourism industry; images which were then consumed or collected ...
M/C Journal, 2003
The carefully constructed record collection with detailed liner notes and displayable album cover... more The carefully constructed record collection with detailed liner notes and displayable album cover art is little more than a quaint anachronism for the twenty-year-olds of 2003. For them, a music collection is more likely to be a fat, glovebox sized folder of anonymous CD ROMs. Affective investments in particular bands, releases, tracks, have been replaced by a desire for a sort of musical 'affluence' where the size and currency of the collection is valued, rather than the constituent components of the collection. The explanation for this transition from the collection of fetishised albums to the folder of disposable files lies in the increasing dissatisfaction with the CD album as a product, and the development of technology that enabled file sharing to become an effective music distribution method. A decade before music file-sharing became widespread, Frith (73) commented on “the changing place of music in leisure generally ... music is being used differently and in differe...
M/C Journal, 2017
With John Berger’s death 45 years after publishing the pioneering work, Ways of Seeing, it is tim... more With John Berger’s death 45 years after publishing the pioneering work, Ways of Seeing, it is timely to reflect on what is it that we bring to seeing and knowing in the 21st century. The act of seeing has many layers, one of which is the practice of depiction. Our cultural and social environment, including the accessibility and ideology of new technology, has contributed to changes in the way that environment is depicted and interpreted. The traditional Western ways of representing, seeing, and knowing the world have given way to hybrid roles which have been described as that of a produser (Bruns), a combination media user and producer. Consumer-generated content and converging representational contexts create new texts and new ways of interpreting texts.The politics of representation in the digital age raise the notion of “filtering” (Walker Rettberg) where filtering refers to both the digital tools that aid in producing texts, and the cultural filters that have shaped how we inter...
Writing the Australian Beach, 2020
While young tourists use various sources of information when planning travel, they place greater ... more While young tourists use various sources of information when planning travel, they place greater trust in user-generated content than in information from travel service providers. The tourist photograph has long been used as evidence of travel to distant or exotic places and to inspire others’ travel choices. However, social media such as Instagram has amplified the connection between tourism and photography, with young travellers seeking out destinations depicted in their social networks. A content analysis of Instagram images of Australian beaches and their hashtags reveals a closed circle of representation where tourist images are driving beach vacation decisions with implications for not just tourism marketing, but also coastal environment and infrastructure management.
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Papers by Marjorie D Kibby