Papers by Anil Kumar Puniya
Journal of food & industrial microbiology, 2016
Enterobacter sakazakii (formerly known as Cronobacter sakazakii) is an opportunistic pathogen tha... more Enterobacter sakazakii (formerly known as Cronobacter sakazakii) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteremia and meningitis, especially in neonates. This study was an attempt to isolate E. sakazakii from different food and environmental sources so as to establish its presence and possible source of transmission. For this, 93 samples (i.e., 37 from dairy and 56 from non-dairy) were collected using standard procedures of sampling. Out of these samples, 45 isolates (i.e., 14 from dairy and 31 from other samples) were taken further on the basis of growth on tryptic soy agar. On further screening on the basis of Gram staining, catalase and oxidase test, only 27 isolates were observed to be positive. The positive isolates were also subjected to PCR based identification using species specific primers. Overall, 11 isolates confirmed as E. sakazakii were also tested for virulent characteristics (i.e., hemolytic activity, haemagglutination test and DNase production) and all the isolates were found to be positive showing a potential threat of infection through food commodities.
npj Science of Food, Jan 2, 2024
Bacteriophages infect and replicate inside a bacterial host as well as serve as natural bio-contr... more Bacteriophages infect and replicate inside a bacterial host as well as serve as natural bio-control agents. Phages were once viewed as nuisances that caused fermentation failures with cheese-making and other industrial processes, which lead to economic losses, but phages are now increasingly being observed as being promising antimicrobials that can fight against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. Pathogen-free meals that fulfil industry requirements without synthetic additives are always in demand in the food sector. This study introduces the readers to the history, sources, and biology of bacteriophages, which include their host ranges, absorption mechanisms, lytic profiles, lysogenic profiles, and the influence of external factors on the growth of phages. Phages and their derivatives have emerged as antimicrobial agents, biodetectors, and biofilm controllers, which have been comprehensively discussed in addition to their potential applications in the food and gastrointestinal tract, and they are a feasible and safe option for preventing, treating, and/or eradicating contaminants in various foods and food processing environments. Furthermore, phages and phage-derived lytic proteins can be considered potential antimicrobials in the traditional farm-to-fork context, which include phage-based mixtures and commercially available phage products. This paper concludes with some potential safety concerns that need to be addressed to enable bacteriophage use efficiently.
Indian journal of animal nutrition, 2013
Journal of Food Science and Technology, Jun 16, 2023
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2004
Phanerochllele chrysasporiu/Il, p as/rea/us an~ Caprmllsfimetarius (3 and 5%) in combination ofAz... more Phanerochllele chrysasporiu/Il, p as/rea/us an~ Caprmllsfimetarius (3 and 5%) in combination ofAzQ.I'pirellllm bmsilense and Azatobac/(n' chmo('()cculll (3 and 5% ,11!~~mg ]()R_I09 cells/ml), Ancr the jcrmcntation period, the SSF were evaluated for different parameters. Rice s~raw had nlllIal pH, CP conte.Ilt, DM and digestibility of 5,30,3,80, 91.20 and 35.()O% respectively. The value:> for different. parameters changed with P. clllysosporiu/Il, P. ostr£~a/lls and C. fimeturills along with asymbiotic nitrogen-fixers (/I, bras,[ellse and A. clzroococcum). Maximum DML (4.59%) Was observed ill straw with P as/reatlls with A. hrasilense. The digestibility and CP content of straw aner inoculation with P os/rea/lls and A. bra.l'ilen.l'lI was in range of 49.57 to 50.00 and 4.82 to 5.88% respectively. The lowering of the ADL value from an initial value of 6.64 to 6.30% in straw alTccted the biodegradation proce~s-taking place during the SSF. Thc highest PE obs1lrved in straw (2.18%) was due to the synergistic growth of P. astreallls and 11. brasilellse during the SSF.
Mycoscience, 2012
The present investigation was designed to observe the survival of the anaerobic fungus Caecomyces... more The present investigation was designed to observe the survival of the anaerobic fungus Caecomyces sp. in various routine preservation methods. Among all the treatments, cryopreservation of fungi at-70°C with glycerol was found to be most effective for long-term maintenance (more than 90 days) of rumen fungi, followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (up to 60 days). In contrast, at-196°C, DMSO showed maximum survival (more than 90 days), followed by glycerol (up to 90 days) and ethylene glycol (up to 30 days). At 39°C, maximum survival (up to 30 days) was observed with soft agar and wheat straw; at refrigeration temperature, preservation with Orpin's media containing straw showed maximum survival (up to 30 days).
Frontiers in Microbiology, Mar 28, 2023
Not Available eBooks, Jun 22, 2020
Indian Journal of Microbiology, 1996
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
Biomass & Bioenergy, Oct 1, 2020
Waste residues from agricultural and forest resources have received much attention as potential s... more Waste residues from agricultural and forest resources have received much attention as potential source of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) especially after the "food-versus-fuel" conflict. Therefore, exploring the potential of LCB (especially forest biomass) as a resource for sustainable bioenergy generation is highly promising. The present study reports the structural modification in the cross-linking of lignocellulosic complex in pine needle forest biomass after pretreatments: milling, steam explosion and acid-base-acid treatments. The changes in morphology and composition of the cellulose and lignin in pine needles after pretreatments was evaluated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Field Emission Scanning Electron micrographs revealed that pretreatments resulted in changes in orderly arrangement of interwoven fibrils, surface abnormalities in cells surrounding stomatal opening and exposure of vascular bundle. FT-IR of pretreated substrate indicated significant changes in functional moieties of ester bond between lignin and hemicelluloses, phenol hydroxyl moieties and aromatic ring associated with lignin and hydrogen bonding in cellulose. The findings in the present study thus open up avenues for exploring potential of pretreated pine needles for renewable bioenergy generation. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of the pretreated biomass resulted in 21.4% higher methane levels as compared to untreated pine litter. Appearance of lignin droplets and deposition of coalescent materials on pre-treated biomass surface was also observed in the present study. These colloidal lignin particles could serve as potential nanocomposites, for application in biomaterial applications.
3 biotech, May 16, 2021
The genus Bifidobacterium are extensively used as probiotics in food applications, for their pote... more The genus Bifidobacterium are extensively used as probiotics in food applications, for their potential role to combat different lifestyle diseases. This has necessitated a great importance for their species, sub-species and even at the strain level characterization. In the present study, attempts have been made to target repetitive DNA element-based BOX-PCR fingerprinting to judge its potential in taxonomic discrimination of Bifidobacterium species. The BOXA1R primer-based repetitive PCR amplified products were analysed for 93 identified bifidobacterial isolates collected from diverse sources of human and animal origin along with 12 DSMZ procured standard reference strains. Dendrograms constructed from the fingerprint patterns of BOX-PCR differentiated all the isolated strains into 10 different groups, grouped with one standard reference isolates and successfully discriminated all isolates up to subspecies level as identified. The BOX-PCR method used in this study effectively resolved the taxonomic status and differentiated all 93 bifidobacterial species isolated from diverse faecal origins of human and animal samples.
Future Microbiology, Mar 1, 2018
A plethora of nanoparticles are currently used in the food industry in myriad applications. Of th... more A plethora of nanoparticles are currently used in the food industry in myriad applications. Of these, 'nanosilver' is widely used due to their multitude actions. Recent consensus among the scientific community affirmed that nanosilver might potentially alter the gut microbiota instead of their intended use that has a profound effect on our health. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota led to the onset of serious pathological conditions as reflected from several studies. In lieu of the positive impact of nanosilver, their inadvertent toxic effects on gut microbiota are underestimated. In this review, first all studies concerning the influence of nanosilver on gut microbiota are discussed along with relevant pharmacokinetic studies and in closing section the challenges and future task remained in the field are highlighted.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, Sep 6, 2007
In present study, the in vitro dry matter digestibility and cell-wall content degradation of urea... more In present study, the in vitro dry matter digestibility and cell-wall content degradation of urea-NH 3 treated wheat straws were reported by incubating with rumen liquor and anaerobic fungi i.e. Orpinomyces sp. C-14 or Piromyces sp. WNG-12. The maximum digestibility of dry matter (55.8%) in urea-NH 3 treated wheat straws was shown by Piromyces sp. WNG-12, when compared to Orpinomyces sp. C-14 (54.3%) and control (45.5%) after 72 h. The cell-wall contents in terms of percent neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin were found to decrease significantly when wheat straw was treated with Piromyces sp. WNG-12, followed by Orpinomyces sp. C-14 and controls, for 48 or 72 h.
Frontiers in Microbiology, Oct 21, 2020
Anaerobic fungi (AF) play an essential role in feed conversion due to their potent fiber degradin... more Anaerobic fungi (AF) play an essential role in feed conversion due to their potent fiber degrading enzymes and invasive growth. Much has been learned about this unusual fungal phylum since the paradigm shifting work of Colin Orpin in the 1970s, when he characterized the first AF. Molecular approaches targeting specific phylogenetic marker genes have facilitated taxonomic classification of AF, which had been previously been complicated by the complex life cycles and associated morphologies. Although we now have a much better understanding of their diversity, it is believed that there are still numerous genera of AF that remain to be described in gut ecosystems. Recent markergene based studies have shown that fungal diversity in the herbivore gut is much like the bacterial population, driven by host phylogeny, host genetics and diet. Since AF are major contributors to the degradation of plant material ingested by the host animal, it is understandable that there has been great interest in exploring the enzymatic repertoire of these microorganisms in order to establish a better understanding of how AF, and their enzymes, can be used to improve host health and performance, while simultaneously reducing the ecological footprint of the livestock industry. A detailed understanding of AF and their interaction with other gut microbes as well as the host animal is essential, especially when production of affordable high-quality protein and other animal-based products needs to meet the demands of an increasing human population. Such a mechanistic understanding, leading to more sustainable livestock practices, will be possible with recently developed-omics technologies that have already provided first insights into the different contributions of the fungal and bacterial population in the rumen during plant cell wall hydrolysis.
Bacteria, Nov 2, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Beneficial Microbes, 2015
In the present study, rumen microbial groups, i.e. total rumen microbes (TRM), total anaerobic fu... more In the present study, rumen microbial groups, i.e. total rumen microbes (TRM), total anaerobic fungi (TAF), avicel enriched bacteria (AEB) and neutral detergent fibre enriched bacteria (NEB) were evaluated for wheat straw (WS) degradability and different fermentation parameters in vitro. Highest WS degradation was shown for TRM, followed by TAF, NEB and least by AEB. Similar patterns were observed with total gas production and short chain fatty acid profiles. Overall, TAF emerged as the most potent individual microbial group. In order to enhance the fibrolytic and rumen fermentation potential of TAF, we evaluated 18 plant feed additives in vitro. Among these, six plant additives namely Albizia lebbeck, Alstonia scholaris, Bacopa monnieri, Lawsonia inermis, Psidium guajava and Terminalia arjuna considerably improved WS degradation by TAF. Further evaluation showed A. lebbeck as best feed additive. The study revealed that TAF plays a significant role in WS degradation and their fibrolytic activities can be improved by inclusion of A. lebbeck in fermentation medium. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its active constituents, effect on fungal population and in vivo potential in animal system.
Folia Microbiologica, Jun 19, 2019
Biofilm-associated bacterial infections represent one of the major threats to modern medical trea... more Biofilm-associated bacterial infections represent one of the major threats to modern medical treatments. Bacteria encased in biofilm matrix are more resistant towards antimicrobials and thus the capability of microbes to persist and nurture in a biofilm seems to be the foremost aspect of pathogenesis and therapeutic failure. Therefore, there is a pressing demand for new drugs active against microbial biofilms. In the current study, anti-biofilm potential of Lactobacillus spp. cell-free supernatants (CFSs) against Cronobacter sakazakii and Listeria monocytogenes was characterized using crystal violet staining and MTT assay. CFSs of goat milk origin lactobacilli not only prevented biofilm formation but also disrupted preformed biofilms. Neutralized and heat-treated preparations of Lactobacillus CFSs also inhibited biofilm formation by test pathogens. The results were quantitatively confirmed by light and fluorescent microscopy observations. Biofilms developed under static conditions displayed typical compact microcolonies with uniform distribution over the surface, while upon CFS challenge, biofilms were disrupted with presence of dead cells. These findings highlight the anti-biofilm potency of Lactobacillus spp. strains of goat milk origin and their potential application in food industries.
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Papers by Anil Kumar Puniya