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Martin Pinazo

National Institute of de Agricultural Technology (INTA), Forestry, Senior Researcher

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Address: Buenos Aires, Distrito Federal, Argentina

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Papers by Martin Pinazo

Supervivencia y crecimiento de un árbol nativo maderable bajo diferentes coberturas de dosel en el Bosque Atlántico, Misiones, Argentina

Ecología austral, Apr 1, 2019

RESUMEN. En la selva, la dinámica de disturbios de origen natural o humano genera cambios en la c... more RESUMEN. En la selva, la dinámica de disturbios de origen natural o humano genera cambios en la cobertura arbórea y en la cantidad y la calidad de luz que llega al sotobosque. Los cambios debidos a los disturbios representan un continuo de condiciones microambientales que garantizan la coexistencia de las especies. El conocimiento de los requerimientos de las especies y la evaluación de los microambientes óptimos para su supervivencia y crecimiento permite planificar estrategias de manejo a fin de recuperar áreas forestales degradadas. Trabajamos en un bosque nativo ubicado en San Antonio, Misiones, con una especie nativa de alto valor ecológico y maderero: Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (cancharana). El objetivo fue evaluar el establecimiento de esta especie bajo diferentes intensidades de cobertura de dosel del bosque. Se establecieron 2 ensayos: uno en macetas, en el que se evaluó la supervivencia y el crecimiento de plantas expuestas a dos condiciones de cobertura natural contrastantes, y otro con plantación a campo en un gradiente de cobertura generado por claros naturales. En ambos ensayos, más de 90% de las plantas de cancharana se establecieron inicialmente en un gradiente muy amplio de cobertura. En macetas, las plantas sin cobertura (sol pleno) fueron afectadas por heladas durante el invierno. A 4 años de realizada la plantación en los claros, la supervivencia fue de 70% y la mayor mortalidad se registró en microambientes con menor incidencia de luz. Concluimos que se puede enriquecer el bosque nativo con cancharana, que el microambiente no afecta la supervivencia durante el primer año, pero que el crecimiento posterior es mayor en posiciones con menor cobertura. La especie tolera cambios abruptos de cobertura, por lo que la limpieza del sotobosque y la apertura de claros benefician su crecimiento.

Crecimiento inicial de Pinus taeda L. en suelo pedregoso de la provincia de Misiones, en respuesta a la fertilización con P y N

Supervivencia y crecimiento de un árbol nativo maderable bajo diferentes coberturas de dosel en el Bosque Atlántico, Misiones, Argentina

Ecología Austral

RESUMEN. En la selva, la dinámica de disturbios de origen natural o humano genera cambios en la c... more RESUMEN. En la selva, la dinámica de disturbios de origen natural o humano genera cambios en la cobertura arbórea y en la cantidad y la calidad de luz que llega al sotobosque. Los cambios debidos a los disturbios representan un continuo de condiciones microambientales que garantizan la coexistencia de las especies. El conocimiento de los requerimientos de las especies y la evaluación de los microambientes óptimos para su supervivencia y crecimiento permite planificar estrategias de manejo a fin de recuperar áreas forestales degradadas. Trabajamos en un bosque nativo ubicado en San Antonio, Misiones, con una especie nativa de alto valor ecológico y maderero: Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (cancharana). El objetivo fue evaluar el establecimiento de esta especie bajo diferentes intensidades de cobertura de dosel del bosque. Se establecieron 2 ensayos: uno en macetas, en el que se evaluó la supervivencia y el crecimiento de plantas expuestas a dos condiciones de cobertura natural contrastantes, y otro con plantación a campo en un gradiente de cobertura generado por claros naturales. En ambos ensayos, más de 90% de las plantas de cancharana se establecieron inicialmente en un gradiente muy amplio de cobertura. En macetas, las plantas sin cobertura (sol pleno) fueron afectadas por heladas durante el invierno. A 4 años de realizada la plantación en los claros, la supervivencia fue de 70% y la mayor mortalidad se registró en microambientes con menor incidencia de luz. Concluimos que se puede enriquecer el bosque nativo con cancharana, que el microambiente no afecta la supervivencia durante el primer año, pero que el crecimiento posterior es mayor en posiciones con menor cobertura. La especie tolera cambios abruptos de cobertura, por lo que la limpieza del sotobosque y la apertura de claros benefician su crecimiento.

Mecanismos de establecimiento de árboles nativos en plantaciones de Pinus taeda L. en el N de Misiones, Argentina

La regeneración de árboles nativos en plantaciones forestales incrementa su diversidad biológica ... more La regeneración de árboles nativos en plantaciones forestales incrementa su diversidad biológica y disminuye sus efectos ambientales negativos. En Misiones las plantaciones de Pinus L. ocupan una importante superficie en una ecoregión de alto valor de conservación. En este trabajo se estudió el establecimiento por germinación de individuos arbóreos nativos en cinco rodales con diferente proporción de bosque nativo en el entorno, uso previo, edad y área basal. Además, se determinó el porcentaje de individuos establecidos por germinación o por rebrote en las especies más frecuentes. Se analizó si las diferencias de composición entre rodales estuvieron relacionadas con las diferencias en las características descritas. Las diferencias de proporción de bosque nativo en el entorno y el área basal se relacionaron con diferencias de composición de los rodales pero no se hallaron relaciones con la edad o el uso previo. Las plantaciones con más bosque nativo en el entorno presentaron mayor abundancia de especies propias de etapas maduras del Bosque Atlántico en tanto que, el establecimiento de especies pioneras ocurrió en rodales con reducida área basal por aplicación de raleos recientes. Se hallaron grupos diferenciados de especies con predominancia de establecimiento por germinación o una participación similar de germinación y rebrote.The regeneration of native trees in forest plantations increases its biological diversity and can reduce its negative environmental effects. In the Province of Misiones, Pinus L. plantations cover a large area in an ecoregion of high conservation value. The present study was carried out to describe the establishment from seeds of native trees in five stands with different cover percentage of native forest in the surroundings, land use history, age and basal area. In addition, the percentage of individuals produced from seeds or sprouts was determined for common regenerating species. The association of compositional differences between stands and their differences in the described features was analyzed. Differences in the cover percentage of native forest and basal area were associated with compositional differences but not relations were found with age or land use history. Stands with higher cover percentage of native forest in the surroundings exhibited higher abundance of tree species characteristic of mature stages of the Atlantic Forest while the establishment of pioneers was mainly observed in stands with low basal area and recently thinned. Well differenced species groups were identified in sprouts percentages since some species were only found as established from seeds while others exhibited similar proportions or higher frequency of sprouts.EEA MontecarloFil: Ritter, Luis Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Ritter, Luis Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; ArgentinaFil: Ritter, Luis Javier. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; ArgentinaFil: Goya, Juan F. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Pinazo, Martin Alcides. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; ArgentinaFil: Campanello, Paula Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; ArgentinaFil: Campanello, Paula Inés. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentina.Fil: Eichelberger, Renzo. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Rojas, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Arturi, Marcelo F. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales; Argentin

Morphological and physiological plasticity in seedlings of Araucaria angustifolia and Cabralea canjerana is related to plant establishment performance in the rainforest

Forest Ecology and Management, Mar 1, 2020

High phenotypic plasticity is an important characteristic that should have a tree species that is... more High phenotypic plasticity is an important characteristic that should have a tree species that is going to be used to restore degraded rainforests, as those are stressful and changing environments. Quantifying phenotypic plasticity is necessary to compare species and populations. At least 17 different indexes have been employed to measure phenotypic plasticity and most of them were analyzed in pot experiments. However, no studies that evaluate the degree of coincidence between plasticity indexes were applied in pot and field experiments. The aim of this work is to determine the importance of species acclimation and plasticity to the establishment of planted trees for rainforest restoration. We estimated and compared the plasticity and robustness in plants of Araucaria angustifolia and Cabralea canjerana acclimated to full sun and canopy shade in pots, with the slope of the reaction norm. Then, we described the plasticity in a continuum of coverage gradients in rainforest gaps, with environmentally standardized plasticity index for individual distances (ESPIid). Finally, we analyzed the relationship between plasticity and growth performance. C.canjerana had higher plasticity and robustness than A.angustifolia, both in the pot experiment and in the gap experiment. The light-demanding species had lower plasticity than the intermediate shade-tolerant species. The slope of the reaction norm and the ESPIid gave similar qualitative results in the comparison of the species. In C.canjerana, the trait with higher plasticity in the gaps was specific leaf area, which was the better predictor of height 42-months after planting. On the other hand, the prediction of A.angustifolia growth was better fitted with incident light. Growth in A.angustifolia, a species with low plasticity, can be predicted with environmental variables, while growth in C.canjerana, a species with high plasticity, is better predicted with plant traits. The species with higher plasticity in morpho-physiological traits established in all the microenvironments within the gaps, with high growth rate. Survivor of the species with low plasticity was lower in shaded microenvironments than in the positions with higher radiation and lightlimited its growth in the gaps. Knowing the plasticity and acclimation capacity of the native species is crucial to choose the better places to plant trees in rainforest restoration and to enhance performance of the young plants. Grubb, 2004). Changes in incident light are associated with changes in temperature, wind speed and water availability (Niinemets and Valladares, 2004). The ability to respond to such changing resource availability is the phenotypic plasticity. Species with high phenotypic plasticity have more chances of survival in unstable, heterogeneous or transitional environments due to their ability to acclimate morphologically, physiologically and biochemically, to overcome environmental stressors (Valladares et al., 2005). It is expected that, when plants are

Crecimiento de árboles nativos en plantaciones de Pinus taeda L. con distinta área basal en Misiones

Capacidad de crecimiento y aclimatación de plantas jóvenes de una especie nativa de alto valor maderero (Cabralea canjerana, Cancharana) a diferentes condiciones de cobertura de dosel

Plantación mixta de dos especies nativas del bosque atlántico misionero en gaps del bosque nativo: respuesta ecofisiológica a un gradiente de cobertura

Efecto del raleo sobre el crecimiento diamétrico en plantaciones de Araucariaangustifolia de más de 50 años en el NE de Misiones

Efecto del raleo sobre el crecimiento diamétrico en plantaciones de Araucaria angustifolia de más... more

Combining the light-demanding <i>Araucaria angustifolia</i> with the shade-tolerant <i>Cabralea canjerana</i>: mixed plantations to produce tropical timber trees outside the Atlantic rainforest

Canadian Journal of Forest Research, May 10, 2023

Combining the light-demanding Araucaria angustifolia with the shade-tolerant Cabralea canjerana: mixed plantations to produce tropical timber trees outside the rainforest

Research Square (Research Square), Dec 13, 2022

Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they a... more Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they are only harvested from native rainforests. Other species require high radiation to establish and can be planted in monospeci c stands. The main question was if the canopy generated by a light demanding rainforest species could protect mid-successional timber species from high radiation and extreme temperatures. We evaluated the establishment of Cabralea canjerana under the canopy of Araucaria angustifolia stands. We related growth with the number of neighbors to determine the better positions to plant C. canjerana. In one stand, we measured environmental and physiological traits and we determined that seedling did not suffer light or water stress. C. canjerana plants establishment was successful in stands of different basal areas and trees reached the highest growth with up to two A. angustifolia neighbors within a 5m radius. Therefore, the number of neighbors is a tool to choose the planting location to convert even-aged to uneven-aged mixed stands. In this way, valuable native timber species that requires canopy protection during the rst years can be planted outside the rainforest. This is the rst report of an uneven-aged mixed plantation of two Atlantic Forest timber species.

Conversion of a monospecific plantation into a mixed plantation: combining the light-demanding Araucaria angustifolia with the shade-tolerant Cabralea canjerana

Research Square (Research Square), May 10, 2022

Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they a... more Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they are only harvested from native rainforests. Other species require high radiation to establish and can be planted in monospeci c stands. The main question was if the canopy generated by a light demanding rainforest species could protect mid-successional timber species from high radiation and extreme temperatures. We evaluated the establishment of Cabralea canjerana under the canopy of Araucaria angustifolia stands. We related growth with the number of neighbors to determine the better positions to plant C. canjerana. In one stand, we measured environmental and physiological traits and we determined that seedling did not suffer light or water stress. C. canjerana plants establishment was successful in stands of different basal areas and trees reached the highest growth with up to two A. angustifolia neighbors within a 5m radius. Therefore, the number of neighbors is a tool to choose the planting location to convert even-aged to uneven-aged mixed stands. In this way, valuable native timber species that requires canopy protection during the rst years can be planted outside the rainforest. This is the rst report of an uneven-aged mixed plantation of two Atlantic Forest timber species.

Combining the light-demanding Araucaria angustifolia with the shade-tolerant Cabralea canjerana: mixed plantations to produce tropical timber trees outside the Atlantic rainforest

Research Square (Research Square), Apr 11, 2023

Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they a... more Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they are only harvested from native rainforests. Other species require high radiation to establish and can be planted in monospeci c stands. The main question was if the canopy generated by a light demanding rainforest species could protect mid-successional timber species from high radiation and extreme temperatures. We evaluated the establishment of Cabralea canjerana under the canopy of Araucaria angustifolia stands. We related growth with the number of neighbors to determine the better positions to plant C. canjerana. In one stand, we measured environmental and physiological traits and we determined that seedling did not suffer light or water stress. C. canjerana plants establishment was successful in stands of different basal areas and trees reached the highest growth with up to two A. angustifolia neighbors within a 5m radius. Therefore, the number of neighbors is a tool to choose the planting location to convert even-aged to uneven-aged mixed stands. In this way, valuable native timber species that requires canopy protection during the rst years can be planted outside the rainforest. This is the rst report of an uneven-aged mixed plantation of two Atlantic Forest timber species.

Water and Light Stresses Drive Acclimation During the Establishment of a Timber Tree Under Different Intensities of Rainforest Canopy Coverage

Cerne, Mar 1, 2019

Water and light stresses drive acclimation during the establishment of a timber tree under differ... more Water and light stresses drive acclimation during the establishment of a timber tree under different intensities of rainforest canopy coverage. CERNE, v. 25, n. 1, p. 93-104, 2019. HIGHLIGHTS In a shade-tolerant species under full sun, growth was limited by water deficit. Stress by excess of light was irrelevant but low light availability limited growth. Acclimation strategies enables plants to establish in different forest microenvironments. The capacity of the species to avoid severe stress make it proper to restoration plans.

Establishment and competition of native forest species in <em>Araucaria angustifolia</em> stands with different coverage degrees in Misiones Argentina

Functional traits and growth rate response to stand variables: differences between saplings and seedlings of native trees established in loblolly pine plantations in the Atlantic Forest

New Forests, May 21, 2022

Evaluación de la competencia en rodales mixtos de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze y especies forestales nativas del Bosque Atlántico con diferentes requerimientos lumínicos

Interactions between trees can have a positive or negative impact on their growth and mortality w... more Interactions between trees can have a positive or negative impact on their growth and mortality within mixed stands. Interaction type will depend on the species combined, age, ecological requirements and the microclimatic environment. The aim was to evaluate symmetrically and asymmetrically competition in A. angustifolia stands with natural regeneration of other timber trees. Competition indexes based on IDR were calculated for A. angustifolia and two groups of native forest species with different light requirements. The competition within A. angustifolia is more relevant than competition performed by natural regenerated trees. These A. angustifolia stands are proper to produce timber of multiple native species.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Aspectos ecológicos y ambientales de los bosques nativos y plantaciones forestales en la Argentina: Una visión panorámica y conceptual

El deterioro del suelo y del ambiente en la Argentina / Roberto Raúl Casas, Gabriela Fabiana Albarracín. Buenos Aires : FECIC, 2015. t. 1 Parte 4. p. 365-432., 2015

El objetivo de éste trabajo es plantear de manera sintética cuales son los factores principales a... more El objetivo de éste trabajo es plantear de manera sintética cuales son los factores principales asociados a la presencia y distribución de los ecosistemas forestales del país, que rasgos caracterizan a los distintos tipos de bosques, cuales los principales factores que afectan a cada tipo de ellos en forma directa e indirecta, incluyendo la acción humana, y cómo se vinculan entre sí. Se parte del supuesto que hay componentes deterministas y contingentes que se relacionan con los cambios en la naturaleza, en este caso de los bosques, para los cuales un modelo conceptual puede ayudar a la comprensión de las razones y tendencias de cambio, como a la toma de decisiones más apropiadas para su gestión y manejo. Como todo modelo, es una simplificación de la realidad, y en ese sentido se ha preferido sacrificar la precisión del detalle por la generalización a escala de paisajes o grandes espacios. Existen numerosas publicaciones donde los lectores pueden encontrar una visión detallada y precisa de los diversos aspectos aquí apenas mencionados. Algunas cuestiones sonarán repetidas y obvias, pero como ha dicho André Gide "todo está dicho ya, pero como nadie escucha hay que empezar continuamente".EEA Santa CruzFil: Frangi, Jorge L. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Laboratorio de investigación de sistemas ecológicos y ambientales; Argentina.Fil: Pérez, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Laboratorio de investigación de sistemas ecológicos y ambientales; Argentina.Fil: Martiarena, Rodolfo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado; Argentina.Fil: Pinazo, Martín Alcides. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; Argentina.Fil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Brown, Alejandro. Fundación ProYungas; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Ceballos, Darío Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; Argentina

Caracterización fitosociológica de una porción de bosque nativo misionero secundario, con intervención antrópica

Resumen es: Este estudio es parte de un proyecto de investigacion sobre dinamica y manejo de bosq... more

Plant size dependent response of native tree regeneration to landscape and stand variables in loblolly pine plantations in the Atlantic Forest, Argentina

Forest Ecology and Management, 2018

The interest in the conservation of biodiversity in productive ecosystems has increased considera... more The interest in the conservation of biodiversity in productive ecosystems has increased considerably in recent years due to the continuing loss of natural vegetation. The effect of forest plantations on biodiversity is currently a relevant research topic since they are expanding worldwide. Native understory vegetation may maintain ecosystem processes and increase the availability of habitats, food and other resources for different animal groups. Native tree regeneration in plantations is affected by the planted species, stand age and density, and silvicultural practices, among others. Despite that some general trends have been identified, results from different studies are not always comparable, partially because not all sources of variation were considered simultaneously, the size of plants is different between studies, no different classes of plant sizes are compared, or the local flora determines specific responses to landscape and stand variables. In this work, we analyzed the relationship between native tree density, species richness and species composition in the understory of forest plantations and stand characteristics including stand age and density, canopy openness, proximity to native forests remnants and pre-planting land use history. The study was conducted in monoculture plantations of Pinus taeda in Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina. In 35 stands, we estimated plant density and species richness for three plant size classes: seedlings (> 50 cm height and < 1 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH)), saplings (1-5 cm DBH) and small trees (5-10 cm DBH). Our results are in agreement with general trends previously reported in the study area and worldwide. We found that native trees in the plantations showed a strongly size-dependent response to stand and landscape variables. The composition and richness of the seedlings were primarily dependent on the native forest cover at a landscape scale while the species composition, richness, and density of saplings and small trees were mainly affected by stand age and density. Our results showed that the management of pine plantations should maintain the rotation for more than 20 years, a basal area below 30 m 2 •ha −1 and a 25-30% of native forest cover at the landscape scale to increase the richness and density of the native trees in loblolly pine plantations of the Atlantic Forest.

Supervivencia y crecimiento de un árbol nativo maderable bajo diferentes coberturas de dosel en el Bosque Atlántico, Misiones, Argentina

Ecología austral, Apr 1, 2019

RESUMEN. En la selva, la dinámica de disturbios de origen natural o humano genera cambios en la c... more RESUMEN. En la selva, la dinámica de disturbios de origen natural o humano genera cambios en la cobertura arbórea y en la cantidad y la calidad de luz que llega al sotobosque. Los cambios debidos a los disturbios representan un continuo de condiciones microambientales que garantizan la coexistencia de las especies. El conocimiento de los requerimientos de las especies y la evaluación de los microambientes óptimos para su supervivencia y crecimiento permite planificar estrategias de manejo a fin de recuperar áreas forestales degradadas. Trabajamos en un bosque nativo ubicado en San Antonio, Misiones, con una especie nativa de alto valor ecológico y maderero: Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (cancharana). El objetivo fue evaluar el establecimiento de esta especie bajo diferentes intensidades de cobertura de dosel del bosque. Se establecieron 2 ensayos: uno en macetas, en el que se evaluó la supervivencia y el crecimiento de plantas expuestas a dos condiciones de cobertura natural contrastantes, y otro con plantación a campo en un gradiente de cobertura generado por claros naturales. En ambos ensayos, más de 90% de las plantas de cancharana se establecieron inicialmente en un gradiente muy amplio de cobertura. En macetas, las plantas sin cobertura (sol pleno) fueron afectadas por heladas durante el invierno. A 4 años de realizada la plantación en los claros, la supervivencia fue de 70% y la mayor mortalidad se registró en microambientes con menor incidencia de luz. Concluimos que se puede enriquecer el bosque nativo con cancharana, que el microambiente no afecta la supervivencia durante el primer año, pero que el crecimiento posterior es mayor en posiciones con menor cobertura. La especie tolera cambios abruptos de cobertura, por lo que la limpieza del sotobosque y la apertura de claros benefician su crecimiento.

Crecimiento inicial de Pinus taeda L. en suelo pedregoso de la provincia de Misiones, en respuesta a la fertilización con P y N

Supervivencia y crecimiento de un árbol nativo maderable bajo diferentes coberturas de dosel en el Bosque Atlántico, Misiones, Argentina

Ecología Austral

RESUMEN. En la selva, la dinámica de disturbios de origen natural o humano genera cambios en la c... more RESUMEN. En la selva, la dinámica de disturbios de origen natural o humano genera cambios en la cobertura arbórea y en la cantidad y la calidad de luz que llega al sotobosque. Los cambios debidos a los disturbios representan un continuo de condiciones microambientales que garantizan la coexistencia de las especies. El conocimiento de los requerimientos de las especies y la evaluación de los microambientes óptimos para su supervivencia y crecimiento permite planificar estrategias de manejo a fin de recuperar áreas forestales degradadas. Trabajamos en un bosque nativo ubicado en San Antonio, Misiones, con una especie nativa de alto valor ecológico y maderero: Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (cancharana). El objetivo fue evaluar el establecimiento de esta especie bajo diferentes intensidades de cobertura de dosel del bosque. Se establecieron 2 ensayos: uno en macetas, en el que se evaluó la supervivencia y el crecimiento de plantas expuestas a dos condiciones de cobertura natural contrastantes, y otro con plantación a campo en un gradiente de cobertura generado por claros naturales. En ambos ensayos, más de 90% de las plantas de cancharana se establecieron inicialmente en un gradiente muy amplio de cobertura. En macetas, las plantas sin cobertura (sol pleno) fueron afectadas por heladas durante el invierno. A 4 años de realizada la plantación en los claros, la supervivencia fue de 70% y la mayor mortalidad se registró en microambientes con menor incidencia de luz. Concluimos que se puede enriquecer el bosque nativo con cancharana, que el microambiente no afecta la supervivencia durante el primer año, pero que el crecimiento posterior es mayor en posiciones con menor cobertura. La especie tolera cambios abruptos de cobertura, por lo que la limpieza del sotobosque y la apertura de claros benefician su crecimiento.

Mecanismos de establecimiento de árboles nativos en plantaciones de Pinus taeda L. en el N de Misiones, Argentina

La regeneración de árboles nativos en plantaciones forestales incrementa su diversidad biológica ... more La regeneración de árboles nativos en plantaciones forestales incrementa su diversidad biológica y disminuye sus efectos ambientales negativos. En Misiones las plantaciones de Pinus L. ocupan una importante superficie en una ecoregión de alto valor de conservación. En este trabajo se estudió el establecimiento por germinación de individuos arbóreos nativos en cinco rodales con diferente proporción de bosque nativo en el entorno, uso previo, edad y área basal. Además, se determinó el porcentaje de individuos establecidos por germinación o por rebrote en las especies más frecuentes. Se analizó si las diferencias de composición entre rodales estuvieron relacionadas con las diferencias en las características descritas. Las diferencias de proporción de bosque nativo en el entorno y el área basal se relacionaron con diferencias de composición de los rodales pero no se hallaron relaciones con la edad o el uso previo. Las plantaciones con más bosque nativo en el entorno presentaron mayor abundancia de especies propias de etapas maduras del Bosque Atlántico en tanto que, el establecimiento de especies pioneras ocurrió en rodales con reducida área basal por aplicación de raleos recientes. Se hallaron grupos diferenciados de especies con predominancia de establecimiento por germinación o una participación similar de germinación y rebrote.The regeneration of native trees in forest plantations increases its biological diversity and can reduce its negative environmental effects. In the Province of Misiones, Pinus L. plantations cover a large area in an ecoregion of high conservation value. The present study was carried out to describe the establishment from seeds of native trees in five stands with different cover percentage of native forest in the surroundings, land use history, age and basal area. In addition, the percentage of individuals produced from seeds or sprouts was determined for common regenerating species. The association of compositional differences between stands and their differences in the described features was analyzed. Differences in the cover percentage of native forest and basal area were associated with compositional differences but not relations were found with age or land use history. Stands with higher cover percentage of native forest in the surroundings exhibited higher abundance of tree species characteristic of mature stages of the Atlantic Forest while the establishment of pioneers was mainly observed in stands with low basal area and recently thinned. Well differenced species groups were identified in sprouts percentages since some species were only found as established from seeds while others exhibited similar proportions or higher frequency of sprouts.EEA MontecarloFil: Ritter, Luis Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Ritter, Luis Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; ArgentinaFil: Ritter, Luis Javier. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; ArgentinaFil: Goya, Juan F. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Pinazo, Martin Alcides. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; ArgentinaFil: Campanello, Paula Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; ArgentinaFil: Campanello, Paula Inés. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentina.Fil: Eichelberger, Renzo. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Rojas, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Arturi, Marcelo F. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales; Argentin

Morphological and physiological plasticity in seedlings of Araucaria angustifolia and Cabralea canjerana is related to plant establishment performance in the rainforest

Forest Ecology and Management, Mar 1, 2020

High phenotypic plasticity is an important characteristic that should have a tree species that is... more High phenotypic plasticity is an important characteristic that should have a tree species that is going to be used to restore degraded rainforests, as those are stressful and changing environments. Quantifying phenotypic plasticity is necessary to compare species and populations. At least 17 different indexes have been employed to measure phenotypic plasticity and most of them were analyzed in pot experiments. However, no studies that evaluate the degree of coincidence between plasticity indexes were applied in pot and field experiments. The aim of this work is to determine the importance of species acclimation and plasticity to the establishment of planted trees for rainforest restoration. We estimated and compared the plasticity and robustness in plants of Araucaria angustifolia and Cabralea canjerana acclimated to full sun and canopy shade in pots, with the slope of the reaction norm. Then, we described the plasticity in a continuum of coverage gradients in rainforest gaps, with environmentally standardized plasticity index for individual distances (ESPIid). Finally, we analyzed the relationship between plasticity and growth performance. C.canjerana had higher plasticity and robustness than A.angustifolia, both in the pot experiment and in the gap experiment. The light-demanding species had lower plasticity than the intermediate shade-tolerant species. The slope of the reaction norm and the ESPIid gave similar qualitative results in the comparison of the species. In C.canjerana, the trait with higher plasticity in the gaps was specific leaf area, which was the better predictor of height 42-months after planting. On the other hand, the prediction of A.angustifolia growth was better fitted with incident light. Growth in A.angustifolia, a species with low plasticity, can be predicted with environmental variables, while growth in C.canjerana, a species with high plasticity, is better predicted with plant traits. The species with higher plasticity in morpho-physiological traits established in all the microenvironments within the gaps, with high growth rate. Survivor of the species with low plasticity was lower in shaded microenvironments than in the positions with higher radiation and lightlimited its growth in the gaps. Knowing the plasticity and acclimation capacity of the native species is crucial to choose the better places to plant trees in rainforest restoration and to enhance performance of the young plants. Grubb, 2004). Changes in incident light are associated with changes in temperature, wind speed and water availability (Niinemets and Valladares, 2004). The ability to respond to such changing resource availability is the phenotypic plasticity. Species with high phenotypic plasticity have more chances of survival in unstable, heterogeneous or transitional environments due to their ability to acclimate morphologically, physiologically and biochemically, to overcome environmental stressors (Valladares et al., 2005). It is expected that, when plants are

Crecimiento de árboles nativos en plantaciones de Pinus taeda L. con distinta área basal en Misiones

Capacidad de crecimiento y aclimatación de plantas jóvenes de una especie nativa de alto valor maderero (Cabralea canjerana, Cancharana) a diferentes condiciones de cobertura de dosel

Plantación mixta de dos especies nativas del bosque atlántico misionero en gaps del bosque nativo: respuesta ecofisiológica a un gradiente de cobertura

Efecto del raleo sobre el crecimiento diamétrico en plantaciones de Araucariaangustifolia de más de 50 años en el NE de Misiones

Efecto del raleo sobre el crecimiento diamétrico en plantaciones de Araucaria angustifolia de más... more

Combining the light-demanding <i>Araucaria angustifolia</i> with the shade-tolerant <i>Cabralea canjerana</i>: mixed plantations to produce tropical timber trees outside the Atlantic rainforest

Canadian Journal of Forest Research, May 10, 2023

Combining the light-demanding Araucaria angustifolia with the shade-tolerant Cabralea canjerana: mixed plantations to produce tropical timber trees outside the rainforest

Research Square (Research Square), Dec 13, 2022

Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they a... more Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they are only harvested from native rainforests. Other species require high radiation to establish and can be planted in monospeci c stands. The main question was if the canopy generated by a light demanding rainforest species could protect mid-successional timber species from high radiation and extreme temperatures. We evaluated the establishment of Cabralea canjerana under the canopy of Araucaria angustifolia stands. We related growth with the number of neighbors to determine the better positions to plant C. canjerana. In one stand, we measured environmental and physiological traits and we determined that seedling did not suffer light or water stress. C. canjerana plants establishment was successful in stands of different basal areas and trees reached the highest growth with up to two A. angustifolia neighbors within a 5m radius. Therefore, the number of neighbors is a tool to choose the planting location to convert even-aged to uneven-aged mixed stands. In this way, valuable native timber species that requires canopy protection during the rst years can be planted outside the rainforest. This is the rst report of an uneven-aged mixed plantation of two Atlantic Forest timber species.

Conversion of a monospecific plantation into a mixed plantation: combining the light-demanding Araucaria angustifolia with the shade-tolerant Cabralea canjerana

Research Square (Research Square), May 10, 2022

Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they a... more Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they are only harvested from native rainforests. Other species require high radiation to establish and can be planted in monospeci c stands. The main question was if the canopy generated by a light demanding rainforest species could protect mid-successional timber species from high radiation and extreme temperatures. We evaluated the establishment of Cabralea canjerana under the canopy of Araucaria angustifolia stands. We related growth with the number of neighbors to determine the better positions to plant C. canjerana. In one stand, we measured environmental and physiological traits and we determined that seedling did not suffer light or water stress. C. canjerana plants establishment was successful in stands of different basal areas and trees reached the highest growth with up to two A. angustifolia neighbors within a 5m radius. Therefore, the number of neighbors is a tool to choose the planting location to convert even-aged to uneven-aged mixed stands. In this way, valuable native timber species that requires canopy protection during the rst years can be planted outside the rainforest. This is the rst report of an uneven-aged mixed plantation of two Atlantic Forest timber species.

Combining the light-demanding Araucaria angustifolia with the shade-tolerant Cabralea canjerana: mixed plantations to produce tropical timber trees outside the Atlantic rainforest

Research Square (Research Square), Apr 11, 2023

Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they a... more Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they are only harvested from native rainforests. Other species require high radiation to establish and can be planted in monospeci c stands. The main question was if the canopy generated by a light demanding rainforest species could protect mid-successional timber species from high radiation and extreme temperatures. We evaluated the establishment of Cabralea canjerana under the canopy of Araucaria angustifolia stands. We related growth with the number of neighbors to determine the better positions to plant C. canjerana. In one stand, we measured environmental and physiological traits and we determined that seedling did not suffer light or water stress. C. canjerana plants establishment was successful in stands of different basal areas and trees reached the highest growth with up to two A. angustifolia neighbors within a 5m radius. Therefore, the number of neighbors is a tool to choose the planting location to convert even-aged to uneven-aged mixed stands. In this way, valuable native timber species that requires canopy protection during the rst years can be planted outside the rainforest. This is the rst report of an uneven-aged mixed plantation of two Atlantic Forest timber species.

Water and Light Stresses Drive Acclimation During the Establishment of a Timber Tree Under Different Intensities of Rainforest Canopy Coverage

Cerne, Mar 1, 2019

Water and light stresses drive acclimation during the establishment of a timber tree under differ... more Water and light stresses drive acclimation during the establishment of a timber tree under different intensities of rainforest canopy coverage. CERNE, v. 25, n. 1, p. 93-104, 2019. HIGHLIGHTS In a shade-tolerant species under full sun, growth was limited by water deficit. Stress by excess of light was irrelevant but low light availability limited growth. Acclimation strategies enables plants to establish in different forest microenvironments. The capacity of the species to avoid severe stress make it proper to restoration plans.

Establishment and competition of native forest species in <em>Araucaria angustifolia</em> stands with different coverage degrees in Misiones Argentina

Functional traits and growth rate response to stand variables: differences between saplings and seedlings of native trees established in loblolly pine plantations in the Atlantic Forest

New Forests, May 21, 2022

Evaluación de la competencia en rodales mixtos de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze y especies forestales nativas del Bosque Atlántico con diferentes requerimientos lumínicos

Interactions between trees can have a positive or negative impact on their growth and mortality w... more Interactions between trees can have a positive or negative impact on their growth and mortality within mixed stands. Interaction type will depend on the species combined, age, ecological requirements and the microclimatic environment. The aim was to evaluate symmetrically and asymmetrically competition in A. angustifolia stands with natural regeneration of other timber trees. Competition indexes based on IDR were calculated for A. angustifolia and two groups of native forest species with different light requirements. The competition within A. angustifolia is more relevant than competition performed by natural regenerated trees. These A. angustifolia stands are proper to produce timber of multiple native species.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Aspectos ecológicos y ambientales de los bosques nativos y plantaciones forestales en la Argentina: Una visión panorámica y conceptual

El deterioro del suelo y del ambiente en la Argentina / Roberto Raúl Casas, Gabriela Fabiana Albarracín. Buenos Aires : FECIC, 2015. t. 1 Parte 4. p. 365-432., 2015

El objetivo de éste trabajo es plantear de manera sintética cuales son los factores principales a... more El objetivo de éste trabajo es plantear de manera sintética cuales son los factores principales asociados a la presencia y distribución de los ecosistemas forestales del país, que rasgos caracterizan a los distintos tipos de bosques, cuales los principales factores que afectan a cada tipo de ellos en forma directa e indirecta, incluyendo la acción humana, y cómo se vinculan entre sí. Se parte del supuesto que hay componentes deterministas y contingentes que se relacionan con los cambios en la naturaleza, en este caso de los bosques, para los cuales un modelo conceptual puede ayudar a la comprensión de las razones y tendencias de cambio, como a la toma de decisiones más apropiadas para su gestión y manejo. Como todo modelo, es una simplificación de la realidad, y en ese sentido se ha preferido sacrificar la precisión del detalle por la generalización a escala de paisajes o grandes espacios. Existen numerosas publicaciones donde los lectores pueden encontrar una visión detallada y precisa de los diversos aspectos aquí apenas mencionados. Algunas cuestiones sonarán repetidas y obvias, pero como ha dicho André Gide "todo está dicho ya, pero como nadie escucha hay que empezar continuamente".EEA Santa CruzFil: Frangi, Jorge L. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Laboratorio de investigación de sistemas ecológicos y ambientales; Argentina.Fil: Pérez, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Laboratorio de investigación de sistemas ecológicos y ambientales; Argentina.Fil: Martiarena, Rodolfo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado; Argentina.Fil: Pinazo, Martín Alcides. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; Argentina.Fil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Brown, Alejandro. Fundación ProYungas; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Ceballos, Darío Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; Argentina

Caracterización fitosociológica de una porción de bosque nativo misionero secundario, con intervención antrópica

Resumen es: Este estudio es parte de un proyecto de investigacion sobre dinamica y manejo de bosq... more

Plant size dependent response of native tree regeneration to landscape and stand variables in loblolly pine plantations in the Atlantic Forest, Argentina

Forest Ecology and Management, 2018

The interest in the conservation of biodiversity in productive ecosystems has increased considera... more The interest in the conservation of biodiversity in productive ecosystems has increased considerably in recent years due to the continuing loss of natural vegetation. The effect of forest plantations on biodiversity is currently a relevant research topic since they are expanding worldwide. Native understory vegetation may maintain ecosystem processes and increase the availability of habitats, food and other resources for different animal groups. Native tree regeneration in plantations is affected by the planted species, stand age and density, and silvicultural practices, among others. Despite that some general trends have been identified, results from different studies are not always comparable, partially because not all sources of variation were considered simultaneously, the size of plants is different between studies, no different classes of plant sizes are compared, or the local flora determines specific responses to landscape and stand variables. In this work, we analyzed the relationship between native tree density, species richness and species composition in the understory of forest plantations and stand characteristics including stand age and density, canopy openness, proximity to native forests remnants and pre-planting land use history. The study was conducted in monoculture plantations of Pinus taeda in Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina. In 35 stands, we estimated plant density and species richness for three plant size classes: seedlings (> 50 cm height and < 1 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH)), saplings (1-5 cm DBH) and small trees (5-10 cm DBH). Our results are in agreement with general trends previously reported in the study area and worldwide. We found that native trees in the plantations showed a strongly size-dependent response to stand and landscape variables. The composition and richness of the seedlings were primarily dependent on the native forest cover at a landscape scale while the species composition, richness, and density of saplings and small trees were mainly affected by stand age and density. Our results showed that the management of pine plantations should maintain the rotation for more than 20 years, a basal area below 30 m 2 •ha −1 and a 25-30% of native forest cover at the landscape scale to increase the richness and density of the native trees in loblolly pine plantations of the Atlantic Forest.