This study reconstructs Middle and Late Neolithic dietary practices in the area of the today Czec... more This study reconstructs Middle and Late Neolithic dietary practices in the area of the today Czech Republic and Lower Austria with a help of complementary evidence of stable isotope and dental microwear analysis. From a total of 171 humans, carbon and nitrogen isotopic values were measured in bone collagen of 146 individuals (accompanied by 64 animals) while 113 individuals were included into buccal dental microwear analysis. The samples were divided into two newly established chronological phases: Neolithic B (4900–4000 BC) and Neolithic C (3800–3400 BC) based on radiocarbon data modelling. Isotopic results show that the Neolithic diet was of terrestrial origin with a dominant plant component. A small but statistically significant shift in human carbon isotopic values to a higher δ¹³C was observed during the Neolithic C, probably reflecting an underlying change in plant growing conditions. Dental microwear results suggest a shift in adult diet and/or food preparation techniques between the Neolithic B and C, which, however, was not reflected in either the carbon or nitrogen isotopic values. The positive correlations between nitrogen isotopic values and the dental microwear variables (NV, XV, XT and NV/NT) observed in the adult sample suggest that meat rather than milk was the dominant source of animal protein, or that food enriched in ¹⁵N was processed specifically. Also, as both methods offer a snapshot of different periods of an individual’s life, the presence of a significant correlation may imply highly repetitive dietary behaviour during their lifetime.
ABSTRACT: The aim of the paper is to evaluate selected dental
characteristics during the Middl... more ABSTRACT: The aim of the paper is to evaluate selected dental
characteristics during the Middle and Late Neolithic in the area of today's Czech Republic and extending into Lower Austria. Dental caries, antemortem tooth loss, dental wear and periodontal disease provided us with valuable information about dental health. With the help of dental microwear analysis, we were able to evaluate complementary evidence to reconstruct dietary patterns and gain insights into diet evolution of established farmers and herders. The analysed sample was divided into two newly proposed long chronological phases which are derived from frequency occurrence of C14 data as a population proxy: Neolithic B (4900–4000 BC) and Neolithic C (3800–3400 BC). The obtained data were compared with LBK (Neolithic A) and Final Neolithic samples to provide the actual picture of dental characteristics in Neolithic. As observed, the incidence of tooth decay tended to decrease during the Neolithic period in the studied area, while the ratio of the meat component in the diet tended to increase. However, the changes during the post-LBK period did not have a uniform character, as it might seem at first glance; there was high variability in the studied area caused not only by socio-economic changes in society, but these changes seem to reflect the approach to the food consumed. This variability was probably influenced by the chronological and geographical context as well.
The authors present part of a burial ground of the Late Migration Period in Drnholec-Pod sýpkou (... more The authors present part of a burial ground of the Late Migration Period in Drnholec-Pod sýpkou (Břeclav district, Czech Republic), where seven graves were discovered in 2016 and 2017. The grave goods were identified, by typological analysis, as Langobardian/Lombardian. The authors argue that even a small part of a cemetery with a limited number of graves can bring important new data and open strategic questions, challenging traditional interpretations. The paper aims to present the results of excavation in the light of archaeological, anthropological and zooarchaeological perspectives. Archaeological part is focused on presenting the grave units and the cemetery as a contextual unit. Stylistic and typological analysis of grave goods, radiocarbon dates and probability modeling were used to establish the chronology of the cemetery. Anthropological and palaeopathological examinations were accompanied with buccal dental microwear analysis and tooth cementum annulation (TCA) which provide information about diet and age-at-death estimation. Zooarchaeological analysis was mainly driven by the find of a mule skeleton. In addition to skeletal expertise, Nitrogen and Carbon stable isotopes analyses were also applied. The authors set out their thoughts, based on material and bibliographical study, on the problem of classifying and understanding the cultural and ethnic identity of the Migration Period populations.
During rescue archeological excavation in 2018, the skeletal remains of a young male with an unus... more During rescue archeological excavation in 2018, the skeletal remains of a young male with an unusually large and rare lytic focus in the right iliac fossa, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, were found at the Mikulov site (Czech Republic). The presented communication considers various diseases that could be the cause of this pathological condition (tuberculosis, syphilis, mycosis, parasitic diseases, tumors, peritoneal abscess). The examination methods used in this case were macroscopic examination, radiological, histological, and genetic analyses. Differential diagnosis helps us to focus upon the most likely etiologies, and in our opinion, we feel this erosive lesion was probably caused by inflammation from a peritoneal abscess associated with chronic appendicitis
During rescue archeological excavation in 2018, the skeletal remains of a young male with an unus... more During rescue archeological excavation in 2018, the skeletal remains of a young male with an unusually large and rare lytic focus in the right iliac fossa, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, were found at the Mikulov site (Czech Republic). The presented communication considers various diseases that could be the cause of this pathological condition (tuberculosis, syphilis, mycosis, parasitic diseases, tumors, peritoneal abscess). The examination methods used in this case were macroscopic examination, radiological, histological, and genetic analyses. Differential diagnosis helps us to focus upon the most likely etiologies, and in our opinion, we feel this erosive lesion was probably caused by inflammation from a peritoneal abscess associated with chronic appendicitis.
Výšinná poloha Cezavy na katastru obce Blučina (okr. Brno-venkov) patří k nejintenzivněji zkouman... more Výšinná poloha Cezavy na katastru obce Blučina (okr. Brno-venkov) patří k nejintenzivněji zkoumaným pravěkým lokalitám svého druhu v českých zemích. 2 Těžiště jejího bohatého polykulturního osídlení tvoří tři sídelní horizonty doby bronzové a právě díky jim Cezavy získaly svůj věhlas a staly se jedním z klíčových nalezišť pro studium vývoje v období staršího metalika ve střední Evropě. Je však třeba si přiznat, že stejně jako
The presented report describes the skeletal remains of a young man with multiple pathological cha... more The presented report describes the skeletal remains of a young man with multiple pathological changes, dated to between 3800–3700 BC. The studied skeletal remains were subjected to classical anthropological analysis. The palaeopathological study was based on detailed macroscopic examination supplemented by histological and radiological examinations. In addition to the disorder of flat cranial bones, dental developmental defects, traces after periodontal and sinus maxillaris inflammation, partially fractured left rib and fracture of the first lumbar vertebra were found on this skeleton. Based on the mentioned examinations, this finding was evaluated as one of the possibly oldest cases of scurvy in Europe.
Kmetianum - Zborník Slovenského národného múzea v Martine, 2020
The present study deals with the evaluation of cremated human remains from the Lusatian culture c... more The present study deals with the evaluation of cremated human remains from the Lusatian culture cemetery in Martin-Sever (Martin district, northern Slovakia). The burial ground consisting of 155 graves was excavated between 1965 and 1966. It has been dated to the turn of the end of the Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age (cca 1400-1100 cal. BC). The oldest graves at the cemetery belong to the eponymous chronological stage of the Lusatian culture (so-called 'Martin phase') dated to the end of the Middle Bronze Age (BC2). In total, 125 cremated remains were anthropologically examined, with the following parameters being evaluated: the weight of the remains, the size of bone fragments and the degree of bone incineration, the number of buried individuals , their biological sex and the age at death. Gathered data were compared with those collected from other burial grounds of the Lusatian culture from Slovakia (Liptovský Mikuláš-Ondrašová, Žiar nad Hronom-Horné Opatovce and Zvolen-Balkán), all obtained by using the same methods. In the case of selected graves, anthropological data such as sex, the age at death and the number of buried individuals were evaluated in relation to the burial equipment (metal artefacts) found in these graves. The aim of the research was to acquire new information about the burial rite in the Lusatian culture in Slovakia.
Hrob ze střední doby bronzové se dvěma pohřby v kamenných komorách je v prostředí Moravy unikátní... more Hrob ze střední doby bronzové se dvěma pohřby v kamenných komorách je v prostředí Moravy unikátním nálezem. Hrob byl jediným objektem z daného období v ploše výzkumu, případný mohylový násep nebyl zjištěn. Část kamene použitého na konstrukci tvoří zrnotěrky ze 40 km vzdáleného zdroje, většina konstruk ce je tvořena místním vápencem. Oba pohřby, dítěte i dospělého jedince, byly uloženy současně a vybaveny osobním šperkem i milodary. Na bronzových artefaktech se podařilo zachytit organická rezidua a traseo logické stopy. Součástí inventáře je i kamenná sekerka z málo časté suroviny-eklogitu. Na základě typo logického rozboru a série radiokarbonových dat je celek datován do středního stupně mohylové kultury, na přelom 15. a 14. stol. př. n. l. Zachování antropologického materiálu, exkluzívní vnitřní konstrukce, výbava obou pohřbů a moderní dokumentace představují výjimečný zdroj dat pro poznání společnosti střední doby bronzové a tehdejších pohřebních zvyklostí. A grave dated to the Middle Bronze Age with two burials in stone chambers represents a unique find in Moravia. The grave was the solitary feature from the given period at the excavation site, without any barrow identified. Part of the stone used for the construction is querns from a 40 km distant source, most of the structure is made of local limestone. Both burials-a child and an adult-were deposited simulta neously and furnished with personal jewellery and grave goods. Organic residues and usewear traces were recorded on bronze artefacts. The grave inventory also includes a stone axe from uncommon stone material-eclogite. Based on a typological analysis and a series of radiocarbon dates, the entire unit is dated to the middle stage of the Tumulus culture, at the turn of the 15 th and 14 th century BC. The preser vation of anthropological material, the exclusive interior construction, the furnishing of both burials and modern documentation represent an exceptional data source for the knowledge of the Middle Bronze Age society and its burial practices.
The skeletal remains of the young female (20–24 years) from Grave JP/106, discovered in the South... more The skeletal remains of the young female (20–24 years) from Grave JP/106, discovered in the Southern Suburb of the Břeclav – Pohansko Stronghold (Early Middle Ages, 9th century-beginning of the 10th century, present day Czech Republic) display several noteworthy pathologies. The first is deformation of the mandible, which was most probably caused by a fracture of the ramus in combination with a subcondylar fracture. The spine of this young woman also exhibits a probable traumatic injury of the cervical spine in combination with a slowly growing structure situated inside the spinal canal, which caused deformation centered upon C7. The cervical and thoracic spine together with internal surfaces of several ribs exhibit infectious changes of advanced stage, in all likelihood of tuberculous origin, but osteomyelitis cannot be excluded. Histological analysis of the new bone formation in the ribs confirmed infectious origin, as does Micro CT of C5 and C6. Analyses conducted by two different departments with different methods (PCR amplification of 123 bp long section from IS6110 and Next Generation shotgun sequencing) failed to identify DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the first rib.
Remains of inhumed human bodies from a period in which cremation was the strict burial rite norm ... more Remains of inhumed human bodies from a period in which cremation was the strict burial rite norm are a rare yet wellknown phenomenon. In unusual find environments such as caves and swamps, they are commonly linked to symbolic and non-profane aspects of human activities, and the possibility of sacrifices has also been raised. On the other hand, in the environment of common settlements, it is possible to consider a much broader range of interpretational possibilities, including emergency burials, the consequences of legal acts or as a reflection of the social or ethnic status of individuals buried in this manner. The unique find of a woman with a luxurious set of ornaments from Ivanovice na Hané combines both aspects. Thanks to its specific spatial context and the evidence of the intentional destruction of artefacts, the burial in a common settlement pit can be interpreted with a high degree of certainty as a remarkable event, probably a specific type of sacrifice. As a whole, the assemblage of ornaments with emonstrable imports has no parallel in local contexts and points to the elite status of the individual of local origin. The individual artefacts have good parallels in the hoards of the Gyermely horizon, and thanks to a radiocarbon date from a bone this find provides us with an important contribution to the absolute dating of this find horizon.
Jarosová Ivana, Tvrdy Zdenek (2017): Diet and diversity of Early farmers in Neolithic period (LBK... more Jarosová Ivana, Tvrdy Zdenek (2017): Diet and diversity of Early farmers in Neolithic period (LBK): Buccal dental microwear and stable isotopic analysis at Vedrovice (Czech Republic) and Nitra – Horne Krskany (Slovakia). Anthropologie LV/3: 353–384. Brno: Moravian Museum - Anthropos Institute. ISSN 0323-1119.
ABSTRACT: Recently, there have been two international bioarchaeological projects focusing on LBK: "Biological and cultural identity of first farmers: Multiple bio-archaeological analysis of a central European cemetery (Vedrovice) project" known also as "Vedrovice bioarchaeology project" and "The first farmers of central Europe: diversity in LBK lifeways". We took a similar approach at a local level and analysed dental microwear pattern by comparing the results with already published stable isotopic data (carbon & nitrogen) (Richards et al. 2008, Smrčka et al. 2005, 2008a and Whittle et al. 2013) to deepen our knowledge about the dietary habits of individuals living and eating in the early LBK. Buccal dental microwear analysis as a short-term indicator of diet was carried out on a sample of 43 individuals from the Vedrovice site (Czech Republic) and of 49 individuals from the Nitra - Horné Krškany site (Slovakia) with well preserved dental enamel to compare site-based diversity using dental microwear. Both sites belong among the earliest cemeteries in the Central European region (or in a broader sense, the Middle Danube area) as they are dated to Neolithic period, specifically the early phase of LBK, since the burials in Vedrovice and Nitra mostly spanned 53rd–52nd century cal BC (Pettitt, Hedges 2008, Griffiths 2013, Whittle et al. 2013). For each individual, replicas of the buccal surface of molars or premolars that showed clear microwear patterns were analysed by secondary electrons of a scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, results were compared with published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). By comparing adult males and females (n = 33) within the Vedrovice sample including two cemeteries and settlement, no sex related differences were observed in dental microwear pattern, which is contrary to a previously published paper on a sample of 18 individuals buried at Vedrovice - Široká u lesa cemetery (Jarošová 2008), where a statistically significant sex related difference was observed, with a higher vegetal intake for females than males inferred. Similarly, no sex related differences between adults were observed within the Nitra population (n = 31). However, an age-related variability was observed between adults and subadults within both studied samples with more obvious differences in the Vedrovice sample, which may have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake. Adults from Nitra had a distinct microwear pattern to adults from Vedrovice. In another group of analysed individuals from Vedrovice and Nitra - Horné Krškany, slightly different results were observed in the published stable isotopic data: carbon and nitrogen isotopic data, as a long-term indicator of diet, proved no statistical difference between the diet of subadults and adults within both studied samples and no difference between diet of adult males and females in Nitra site. On the contrary, statistically significant differences were observed between adult males and females in Vedrovice in terms of nitrogen data indicating a higher protein based diet in males. The subject of this article is a detailed analysis of the two populations using different groups of individuals and methodologies; as wells as a comparison of selected individuals for which both types of analyses were conducted to elucidate the dietary habits of the two biggest LBK populations in Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Milan Lička (2016): Osídlení ze starší etapy vývoje kultury s vypíchanou keramikou ve Mšeně. Besi... more Milan Lička (2016): Osídlení ze starší etapy vývoje kultury s vypíchanou keramikou ve Mšeně. Besiedlung der älteren Entwicklungsetappe der Kultur mit Stichbandkeramik in Mšeno. Fontes Archaeologici Pragensis. Volumen 43, Pragae 2016, Musaeum Nationale. Národní muzeum, Praha. ISSN 0015-6183. ISBN 978-80-70-36-509-0.
Ivana Jarosova: Chapter 3.2.7. Rekonstrukce stravy podle mikroabrazí zubů : pp.48-52 / Rekonstruktion der Ernährung anhand der Mikroabrasionen der Zähne: pp. 137-140.
Buccal dental microwear analysis was carried out on a sample of 46 individuals from the Prague-Zl... more Buccal dental microwear analysis was carried out on a sample of 46 individuals from the Prague-Zličín site, Czech Republic. The Prague-Zličín burial ground is dated to the Migration Period, 5th century AD. For each individual, molars or premolars were analyzed in secondary electrons of scanning electron microscope. The length, orientation and number of all observed striations were quantified using SigmaScan Pro 5.0, image analysis software. Subsequently, results obtained were compared with published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). The analysis yielded a similar microwear pattern within the Prague-Zličín population. The density and the length of microstriations showed no inter-group variability according to sex and age in adults; only an age-related variability, which might have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake, was observed between adults and subadults. The abrasiveness of food consumed in the Migration period was significantly higher than the other comparative Neolithic and Medieval samples in terms of striation density (NT) and length (XT). The observed amounts of abrasive particles in the diet might have originated from highly-abrasive food and/or food preparation technology. Migration period individuals were found to have a significantly higher number of vertical microwear features (NV), which were also found to be longer (XV) than other examined individuals from different periods. A possible high meat intake might be inferred in the Prague-Zličín population using NH/NT and NV/NT ratios. When comparing social status with dietary habits, a softer diet was found in individuals with higher social status.
Buccal dental microwear analysis was carried out on a sample of 46 individuals from the Prague-Zl... more Buccal dental microwear analysis was carried out on a sample of 46 individuals from the Prague-Zličín site, Czech Republic. The Prague-Zličín burial ground is dated to the Migration Period, 5th century AD. For each individual, molars or premolars were analyzed in secondary electrons of scanning electron microscope. The length, orientation and number of all observed striations were quantified using SigmaScan Pro 5.0, image analysis software. Subsequently, results obtained were compared with published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). The analysis yielded a similar microwear pattern within the Prague-Zličín population. The density and the length of microstriations showed no inter-group variability according to sex and age in adults; only an age-related variability, which might have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake, was observed between adults and subadults. The abrasiveness of food consumed in the Migration period was significantly higher than the other comparative Neolithic and Medieval samples in terms of striation density (NT) and length (XT). The observed amounts of abrasive particles in the diet might have originated from highly-abrasive food and/or food preparation technology. Migration period individuals were found to have a significantly higher number of vertical microwear features (NV), which were also found to be longer (XV) than other examined individuals from different periods. A possible high meat intake might be inferred in the Prague-Zličín population using NH/NT and NV/NT ratios. When comparing social status with dietary habits, a softer diet was found in individuals with higher social status.
In this study, 97 individuals from Prague-Zličín, in central Bohemia, Czech Republic, were scored... more In this study, 97 individuals from Prague-Zličín, in central Bohemia, Czech Republic, were scored for basic dental features, including dental caries, prevalence of dental enamel hypoplasia (DEH), and dental wear patterns, in order to discover basic characteristics of their diet, and the extent of nonspecific stressors (i.e. indicators of metabolic and nutritional disruptions) during the Migration Period (5th century AD). The sample is comprised of 18 subadults (0–14 year-old) and 79 adult individuals over 15 years, with a total number of 1129 permanent and 111 deciduous teeth. Values of caries intensity were 21.0 and its frequency 59.5. Higher values of caries intensity were found in males (24.0) than in the female population (21.3). The most frequent type of dental caries was found in the mesial and distal facets of the cemento-enamel junction and smooth surfaces of the crown (64.1%), which may be connected with deteriorated oral hygiene in this series. The 9.8% of dental caries located on the occlusal surface of the crown can be interpreted, together with the proven low dental wear, as the existence of a softer diet during this Migration period than in the former Neolithic period. DEH was present at a high frequency (32.2% of all examined individuals), but nearly all of these records of past stressors in childhood have only short-term acute forms in the way of lines or grooves. Only one single case provided evidence for a chronic form of DEH. The timing of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) studied in 13 individuals provides an assessment of the occurrence and frequency of age when LEH formed. Overall anthropological analysis suggests a relative high number of indicators of environmental stressors related to the prevalence of dental caries, pre-mortem tooth loss and the prevalence scores of DEH.
V souvislosti s výstavou vydalo Muzeum hl. města Prahy výpravnou a informacemi nabitou knihu “Hro... more V souvislosti s výstavou vydalo Muzeum hl. města Prahy výpravnou a informacemi nabitou knihu “Hroby barbarů v Praze Zličíně. Svět živých a mrtvých doby stěhování národů” autorů Jaroslava Jiříka, Jiřího Vávry, Miroslavy Šmolíkové a Milana Kuchaříka. Vedle nich svými texty přispěla řada dalších autorů: Karel Sklenář, Stanislav Doležal, Jiří Militký, Wilhelm Heizmann (Mnichov), Dieter Quast (Mohuč), Susanne Greiff (Mohuč), Kristýna Urbanová, Marcela Horáková, Ivana Jarošová.
Tématicky zaměřené a vzájemně provázané kapitoly mapují z různých úhlů pohledu dobu stěhování národů a zasazují tak do širšího kontextu kostrové pohřebiště z 5. století v Praze-Zličíně. Podstatnou součástí knihy jsou informace o zličínském výzkumu, druhotném narušování hrobů a jednotlivých skupinách nálezů, jejich výrobě, distribuci a vzájemných souvislostech. Knihu doprovází množství krásných a názorných fotografií, výtvarných rekonstrukcí Libora Baláka a jiného obrazového materiálu.
A new book "Barbarian Graves in Prague Zličín. The World of the Living and the Dead of the Migration Period" was published together with the exhibition "Barbarian Graves. The World of the Living and the Dead of the Migration Period" in the City of Prague Museum. The main authors are: Jaroslav Jiřík, Jiří Vávra, Miroslava Šmolíková, Milan Kuchařík. There are other authors who contributed: Karel Sklenář (Prague), Stanislav Doležal (České Budějovice), Jiří Militký (Prague), Wilhelm Heizmann (Munich), Dieter Quast, Susanne Greiff (both Mainz), Kristýna Urbanová, Marcela Horáková, Ivana Jarošová (all Prague).
The mutually interconnected chapters relate to the Great Migration Period from different points of view (history of archaeology of this period in Prague, archaeology of this period in Bohemia and Europe, Roman coins and minting, historical background, the structure of society, kinship, iconography of gold bracteates and Germanic religion. The second half of the book deals with the burial site in Prague-Zličín and many of its aspects (the excavation, secondary reopenings of graves and grave robbery from the point of view of Mediterranean historical sources and of archaeological record in Prague-Zličín, evaluation of metal, ceramic, glass and bone artefacts, technology of glass vessels, evidence of textile remnants and human bones).
In: J. Juhelka (Ed.): Materiál z XIII. mezinarodní konference „popelnicová pole a doba halštatská“. Opava, Slezská univerzita v Opavě 2014. ISBN 978-80-7510-107-5. (Anthropological analysis of a Lusatian culture burial ground in Liptovský Mikuláš – Ondrašová).
During the rescue excavation of the burial ground of the Lusatian culture in Liptovský Mikuláš – ... more During the rescue excavation of the burial ground of the Lusatian culture in Liptovský Mikuláš – Ondrašová, situated in northern Slovakia, 6 burial mounds were discovered in 1968 - 1969; they contained 13 graves in total. Artifacts such as ceramics and bronze objects were found during the excavation and fall chronologically into the final phase of the Middle Bronze Age and into the beginning of the Late Bronze Age (BC/BD). Anthropological analyses of the oldest cremation burial sites of the Lusatian culture in northern Slovakia dated to the Middle Bronze Age have not taken place so far. The burial ground in Liptovský Mikuláš – Ondrašová, Slovakia, is the first burial site of the Lusiatian culture in Slovakia of this time period to be anthropologically analysed. During the analysis of the cremated remains the following characteristics have been determined: the color of the bone surface, the temperature at which the dead were burned, the burial weight, and the size of the skeletal fragments. Also, the number of individuals deposited in the graves as well as their ages and sexes were determined. The archaeological site made it possible for us to study aspects of the burial customs of the Lusatian culture in the beginning of the Late Bronze Age and to compare the earlier human burial practices with latter burials of the Lusatian culture in Slovakia.
This study reconstructs Middle and Late Neolithic dietary practices in the area of the today Czec... more This study reconstructs Middle and Late Neolithic dietary practices in the area of the today Czech Republic and Lower Austria with a help of complementary evidence of stable isotope and dental microwear analysis. From a total of 171 humans, carbon and nitrogen isotopic values were measured in bone collagen of 146 individuals (accompanied by 64 animals) while 113 individuals were included into buccal dental microwear analysis. The samples were divided into two newly established chronological phases: Neolithic B (4900–4000 BC) and Neolithic C (3800–3400 BC) based on radiocarbon data modelling. Isotopic results show that the Neolithic diet was of terrestrial origin with a dominant plant component. A small but statistically significant shift in human carbon isotopic values to a higher δ¹³C was observed during the Neolithic C, probably reflecting an underlying change in plant growing conditions. Dental microwear results suggest a shift in adult diet and/or food preparation techniques between the Neolithic B and C, which, however, was not reflected in either the carbon or nitrogen isotopic values. The positive correlations between nitrogen isotopic values and the dental microwear variables (NV, XV, XT and NV/NT) observed in the adult sample suggest that meat rather than milk was the dominant source of animal protein, or that food enriched in ¹⁵N was processed specifically. Also, as both methods offer a snapshot of different periods of an individual’s life, the presence of a significant correlation may imply highly repetitive dietary behaviour during their lifetime.
ABSTRACT: The aim of the paper is to evaluate selected dental
characteristics during the Middl... more ABSTRACT: The aim of the paper is to evaluate selected dental
characteristics during the Middle and Late Neolithic in the area of today's Czech Republic and extending into Lower Austria. Dental caries, antemortem tooth loss, dental wear and periodontal disease provided us with valuable information about dental health. With the help of dental microwear analysis, we were able to evaluate complementary evidence to reconstruct dietary patterns and gain insights into diet evolution of established farmers and herders. The analysed sample was divided into two newly proposed long chronological phases which are derived from frequency occurrence of C14 data as a population proxy: Neolithic B (4900–4000 BC) and Neolithic C (3800–3400 BC). The obtained data were compared with LBK (Neolithic A) and Final Neolithic samples to provide the actual picture of dental characteristics in Neolithic. As observed, the incidence of tooth decay tended to decrease during the Neolithic period in the studied area, while the ratio of the meat component in the diet tended to increase. However, the changes during the post-LBK period did not have a uniform character, as it might seem at first glance; there was high variability in the studied area caused not only by socio-economic changes in society, but these changes seem to reflect the approach to the food consumed. This variability was probably influenced by the chronological and geographical context as well.
The authors present part of a burial ground of the Late Migration Period in Drnholec-Pod sýpkou (... more The authors present part of a burial ground of the Late Migration Period in Drnholec-Pod sýpkou (Břeclav district, Czech Republic), where seven graves were discovered in 2016 and 2017. The grave goods were identified, by typological analysis, as Langobardian/Lombardian. The authors argue that even a small part of a cemetery with a limited number of graves can bring important new data and open strategic questions, challenging traditional interpretations. The paper aims to present the results of excavation in the light of archaeological, anthropological and zooarchaeological perspectives. Archaeological part is focused on presenting the grave units and the cemetery as a contextual unit. Stylistic and typological analysis of grave goods, radiocarbon dates and probability modeling were used to establish the chronology of the cemetery. Anthropological and palaeopathological examinations were accompanied with buccal dental microwear analysis and tooth cementum annulation (TCA) which provide information about diet and age-at-death estimation. Zooarchaeological analysis was mainly driven by the find of a mule skeleton. In addition to skeletal expertise, Nitrogen and Carbon stable isotopes analyses were also applied. The authors set out their thoughts, based on material and bibliographical study, on the problem of classifying and understanding the cultural and ethnic identity of the Migration Period populations.
During rescue archeological excavation in 2018, the skeletal remains of a young male with an unus... more During rescue archeological excavation in 2018, the skeletal remains of a young male with an unusually large and rare lytic focus in the right iliac fossa, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, were found at the Mikulov site (Czech Republic). The presented communication considers various diseases that could be the cause of this pathological condition (tuberculosis, syphilis, mycosis, parasitic diseases, tumors, peritoneal abscess). The examination methods used in this case were macroscopic examination, radiological, histological, and genetic analyses. Differential diagnosis helps us to focus upon the most likely etiologies, and in our opinion, we feel this erosive lesion was probably caused by inflammation from a peritoneal abscess associated with chronic appendicitis
During rescue archeological excavation in 2018, the skeletal remains of a young male with an unus... more During rescue archeological excavation in 2018, the skeletal remains of a young male with an unusually large and rare lytic focus in the right iliac fossa, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, were found at the Mikulov site (Czech Republic). The presented communication considers various diseases that could be the cause of this pathological condition (tuberculosis, syphilis, mycosis, parasitic diseases, tumors, peritoneal abscess). The examination methods used in this case were macroscopic examination, radiological, histological, and genetic analyses. Differential diagnosis helps us to focus upon the most likely etiologies, and in our opinion, we feel this erosive lesion was probably caused by inflammation from a peritoneal abscess associated with chronic appendicitis.
Výšinná poloha Cezavy na katastru obce Blučina (okr. Brno-venkov) patří k nejintenzivněji zkouman... more Výšinná poloha Cezavy na katastru obce Blučina (okr. Brno-venkov) patří k nejintenzivněji zkoumaným pravěkým lokalitám svého druhu v českých zemích. 2 Těžiště jejího bohatého polykulturního osídlení tvoří tři sídelní horizonty doby bronzové a právě díky jim Cezavy získaly svůj věhlas a staly se jedním z klíčových nalezišť pro studium vývoje v období staršího metalika ve střední Evropě. Je však třeba si přiznat, že stejně jako
The presented report describes the skeletal remains of a young man with multiple pathological cha... more The presented report describes the skeletal remains of a young man with multiple pathological changes, dated to between 3800–3700 BC. The studied skeletal remains were subjected to classical anthropological analysis. The palaeopathological study was based on detailed macroscopic examination supplemented by histological and radiological examinations. In addition to the disorder of flat cranial bones, dental developmental defects, traces after periodontal and sinus maxillaris inflammation, partially fractured left rib and fracture of the first lumbar vertebra were found on this skeleton. Based on the mentioned examinations, this finding was evaluated as one of the possibly oldest cases of scurvy in Europe.
Kmetianum - Zborník Slovenského národného múzea v Martine, 2020
The present study deals with the evaluation of cremated human remains from the Lusatian culture c... more The present study deals with the evaluation of cremated human remains from the Lusatian culture cemetery in Martin-Sever (Martin district, northern Slovakia). The burial ground consisting of 155 graves was excavated between 1965 and 1966. It has been dated to the turn of the end of the Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age (cca 1400-1100 cal. BC). The oldest graves at the cemetery belong to the eponymous chronological stage of the Lusatian culture (so-called 'Martin phase') dated to the end of the Middle Bronze Age (BC2). In total, 125 cremated remains were anthropologically examined, with the following parameters being evaluated: the weight of the remains, the size of bone fragments and the degree of bone incineration, the number of buried individuals , their biological sex and the age at death. Gathered data were compared with those collected from other burial grounds of the Lusatian culture from Slovakia (Liptovský Mikuláš-Ondrašová, Žiar nad Hronom-Horné Opatovce and Zvolen-Balkán), all obtained by using the same methods. In the case of selected graves, anthropological data such as sex, the age at death and the number of buried individuals were evaluated in relation to the burial equipment (metal artefacts) found in these graves. The aim of the research was to acquire new information about the burial rite in the Lusatian culture in Slovakia.
Hrob ze střední doby bronzové se dvěma pohřby v kamenných komorách je v prostředí Moravy unikátní... more Hrob ze střední doby bronzové se dvěma pohřby v kamenných komorách je v prostředí Moravy unikátním nálezem. Hrob byl jediným objektem z daného období v ploše výzkumu, případný mohylový násep nebyl zjištěn. Část kamene použitého na konstrukci tvoří zrnotěrky ze 40 km vzdáleného zdroje, většina konstruk ce je tvořena místním vápencem. Oba pohřby, dítěte i dospělého jedince, byly uloženy současně a vybaveny osobním šperkem i milodary. Na bronzových artefaktech se podařilo zachytit organická rezidua a traseo logické stopy. Součástí inventáře je i kamenná sekerka z málo časté suroviny-eklogitu. Na základě typo logického rozboru a série radiokarbonových dat je celek datován do středního stupně mohylové kultury, na přelom 15. a 14. stol. př. n. l. Zachování antropologického materiálu, exkluzívní vnitřní konstrukce, výbava obou pohřbů a moderní dokumentace představují výjimečný zdroj dat pro poznání společnosti střední doby bronzové a tehdejších pohřebních zvyklostí. A grave dated to the Middle Bronze Age with two burials in stone chambers represents a unique find in Moravia. The grave was the solitary feature from the given period at the excavation site, without any barrow identified. Part of the stone used for the construction is querns from a 40 km distant source, most of the structure is made of local limestone. Both burials-a child and an adult-were deposited simulta neously and furnished with personal jewellery and grave goods. Organic residues and usewear traces were recorded on bronze artefacts. The grave inventory also includes a stone axe from uncommon stone material-eclogite. Based on a typological analysis and a series of radiocarbon dates, the entire unit is dated to the middle stage of the Tumulus culture, at the turn of the 15 th and 14 th century BC. The preser vation of anthropological material, the exclusive interior construction, the furnishing of both burials and modern documentation represent an exceptional data source for the knowledge of the Middle Bronze Age society and its burial practices.
The skeletal remains of the young female (20–24 years) from Grave JP/106, discovered in the South... more The skeletal remains of the young female (20–24 years) from Grave JP/106, discovered in the Southern Suburb of the Břeclav – Pohansko Stronghold (Early Middle Ages, 9th century-beginning of the 10th century, present day Czech Republic) display several noteworthy pathologies. The first is deformation of the mandible, which was most probably caused by a fracture of the ramus in combination with a subcondylar fracture. The spine of this young woman also exhibits a probable traumatic injury of the cervical spine in combination with a slowly growing structure situated inside the spinal canal, which caused deformation centered upon C7. The cervical and thoracic spine together with internal surfaces of several ribs exhibit infectious changes of advanced stage, in all likelihood of tuberculous origin, but osteomyelitis cannot be excluded. Histological analysis of the new bone formation in the ribs confirmed infectious origin, as does Micro CT of C5 and C6. Analyses conducted by two different departments with different methods (PCR amplification of 123 bp long section from IS6110 and Next Generation shotgun sequencing) failed to identify DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the first rib.
Remains of inhumed human bodies from a period in which cremation was the strict burial rite norm ... more Remains of inhumed human bodies from a period in which cremation was the strict burial rite norm are a rare yet wellknown phenomenon. In unusual find environments such as caves and swamps, they are commonly linked to symbolic and non-profane aspects of human activities, and the possibility of sacrifices has also been raised. On the other hand, in the environment of common settlements, it is possible to consider a much broader range of interpretational possibilities, including emergency burials, the consequences of legal acts or as a reflection of the social or ethnic status of individuals buried in this manner. The unique find of a woman with a luxurious set of ornaments from Ivanovice na Hané combines both aspects. Thanks to its specific spatial context and the evidence of the intentional destruction of artefacts, the burial in a common settlement pit can be interpreted with a high degree of certainty as a remarkable event, probably a specific type of sacrifice. As a whole, the assemblage of ornaments with emonstrable imports has no parallel in local contexts and points to the elite status of the individual of local origin. The individual artefacts have good parallels in the hoards of the Gyermely horizon, and thanks to a radiocarbon date from a bone this find provides us with an important contribution to the absolute dating of this find horizon.
Jarosová Ivana, Tvrdy Zdenek (2017): Diet and diversity of Early farmers in Neolithic period (LBK... more Jarosová Ivana, Tvrdy Zdenek (2017): Diet and diversity of Early farmers in Neolithic period (LBK): Buccal dental microwear and stable isotopic analysis at Vedrovice (Czech Republic) and Nitra – Horne Krskany (Slovakia). Anthropologie LV/3: 353–384. Brno: Moravian Museum - Anthropos Institute. ISSN 0323-1119.
ABSTRACT: Recently, there have been two international bioarchaeological projects focusing on LBK: "Biological and cultural identity of first farmers: Multiple bio-archaeological analysis of a central European cemetery (Vedrovice) project" known also as "Vedrovice bioarchaeology project" and "The first farmers of central Europe: diversity in LBK lifeways". We took a similar approach at a local level and analysed dental microwear pattern by comparing the results with already published stable isotopic data (carbon & nitrogen) (Richards et al. 2008, Smrčka et al. 2005, 2008a and Whittle et al. 2013) to deepen our knowledge about the dietary habits of individuals living and eating in the early LBK. Buccal dental microwear analysis as a short-term indicator of diet was carried out on a sample of 43 individuals from the Vedrovice site (Czech Republic) and of 49 individuals from the Nitra - Horné Krškany site (Slovakia) with well preserved dental enamel to compare site-based diversity using dental microwear. Both sites belong among the earliest cemeteries in the Central European region (or in a broader sense, the Middle Danube area) as they are dated to Neolithic period, specifically the early phase of LBK, since the burials in Vedrovice and Nitra mostly spanned 53rd–52nd century cal BC (Pettitt, Hedges 2008, Griffiths 2013, Whittle et al. 2013). For each individual, replicas of the buccal surface of molars or premolars that showed clear microwear patterns were analysed by secondary electrons of a scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, results were compared with published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). By comparing adult males and females (n = 33) within the Vedrovice sample including two cemeteries and settlement, no sex related differences were observed in dental microwear pattern, which is contrary to a previously published paper on a sample of 18 individuals buried at Vedrovice - Široká u lesa cemetery (Jarošová 2008), where a statistically significant sex related difference was observed, with a higher vegetal intake for females than males inferred. Similarly, no sex related differences between adults were observed within the Nitra population (n = 31). However, an age-related variability was observed between adults and subadults within both studied samples with more obvious differences in the Vedrovice sample, which may have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake. Adults from Nitra had a distinct microwear pattern to adults from Vedrovice. In another group of analysed individuals from Vedrovice and Nitra - Horné Krškany, slightly different results were observed in the published stable isotopic data: carbon and nitrogen isotopic data, as a long-term indicator of diet, proved no statistical difference between the diet of subadults and adults within both studied samples and no difference between diet of adult males and females in Nitra site. On the contrary, statistically significant differences were observed between adult males and females in Vedrovice in terms of nitrogen data indicating a higher protein based diet in males. The subject of this article is a detailed analysis of the two populations using different groups of individuals and methodologies; as wells as a comparison of selected individuals for which both types of analyses were conducted to elucidate the dietary habits of the two biggest LBK populations in Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Milan Lička (2016): Osídlení ze starší etapy vývoje kultury s vypíchanou keramikou ve Mšeně. Besi... more Milan Lička (2016): Osídlení ze starší etapy vývoje kultury s vypíchanou keramikou ve Mšeně. Besiedlung der älteren Entwicklungsetappe der Kultur mit Stichbandkeramik in Mšeno. Fontes Archaeologici Pragensis. Volumen 43, Pragae 2016, Musaeum Nationale. Národní muzeum, Praha. ISSN 0015-6183. ISBN 978-80-70-36-509-0.
Ivana Jarosova: Chapter 3.2.7. Rekonstrukce stravy podle mikroabrazí zubů : pp.48-52 / Rekonstruktion der Ernährung anhand der Mikroabrasionen der Zähne: pp. 137-140.
Buccal dental microwear analysis was carried out on a sample of 46 individuals from the Prague-Zl... more Buccal dental microwear analysis was carried out on a sample of 46 individuals from the Prague-Zličín site, Czech Republic. The Prague-Zličín burial ground is dated to the Migration Period, 5th century AD. For each individual, molars or premolars were analyzed in secondary electrons of scanning electron microscope. The length, orientation and number of all observed striations were quantified using SigmaScan Pro 5.0, image analysis software. Subsequently, results obtained were compared with published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). The analysis yielded a similar microwear pattern within the Prague-Zličín population. The density and the length of microstriations showed no inter-group variability according to sex and age in adults; only an age-related variability, which might have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake, was observed between adults and subadults. The abrasiveness of food consumed in the Migration period was significantly higher than the other comparative Neolithic and Medieval samples in terms of striation density (NT) and length (XT). The observed amounts of abrasive particles in the diet might have originated from highly-abrasive food and/or food preparation technology. Migration period individuals were found to have a significantly higher number of vertical microwear features (NV), which were also found to be longer (XV) than other examined individuals from different periods. A possible high meat intake might be inferred in the Prague-Zličín population using NH/NT and NV/NT ratios. When comparing social status with dietary habits, a softer diet was found in individuals with higher social status.
Buccal dental microwear analysis was carried out on a sample of 46 individuals from the Prague-Zl... more Buccal dental microwear analysis was carried out on a sample of 46 individuals from the Prague-Zličín site, Czech Republic. The Prague-Zličín burial ground is dated to the Migration Period, 5th century AD. For each individual, molars or premolars were analyzed in secondary electrons of scanning electron microscope. The length, orientation and number of all observed striations were quantified using SigmaScan Pro 5.0, image analysis software. Subsequently, results obtained were compared with published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). The analysis yielded a similar microwear pattern within the Prague-Zličín population. The density and the length of microstriations showed no inter-group variability according to sex and age in adults; only an age-related variability, which might have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake, was observed between adults and subadults. The abrasiveness of food consumed in the Migration period was significantly higher than the other comparative Neolithic and Medieval samples in terms of striation density (NT) and length (XT). The observed amounts of abrasive particles in the diet might have originated from highly-abrasive food and/or food preparation technology. Migration period individuals were found to have a significantly higher number of vertical microwear features (NV), which were also found to be longer (XV) than other examined individuals from different periods. A possible high meat intake might be inferred in the Prague-Zličín population using NH/NT and NV/NT ratios. When comparing social status with dietary habits, a softer diet was found in individuals with higher social status.
In this study, 97 individuals from Prague-Zličín, in central Bohemia, Czech Republic, were scored... more In this study, 97 individuals from Prague-Zličín, in central Bohemia, Czech Republic, were scored for basic dental features, including dental caries, prevalence of dental enamel hypoplasia (DEH), and dental wear patterns, in order to discover basic characteristics of their diet, and the extent of nonspecific stressors (i.e. indicators of metabolic and nutritional disruptions) during the Migration Period (5th century AD). The sample is comprised of 18 subadults (0–14 year-old) and 79 adult individuals over 15 years, with a total number of 1129 permanent and 111 deciduous teeth. Values of caries intensity were 21.0 and its frequency 59.5. Higher values of caries intensity were found in males (24.0) than in the female population (21.3). The most frequent type of dental caries was found in the mesial and distal facets of the cemento-enamel junction and smooth surfaces of the crown (64.1%), which may be connected with deteriorated oral hygiene in this series. The 9.8% of dental caries located on the occlusal surface of the crown can be interpreted, together with the proven low dental wear, as the existence of a softer diet during this Migration period than in the former Neolithic period. DEH was present at a high frequency (32.2% of all examined individuals), but nearly all of these records of past stressors in childhood have only short-term acute forms in the way of lines or grooves. Only one single case provided evidence for a chronic form of DEH. The timing of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) studied in 13 individuals provides an assessment of the occurrence and frequency of age when LEH formed. Overall anthropological analysis suggests a relative high number of indicators of environmental stressors related to the prevalence of dental caries, pre-mortem tooth loss and the prevalence scores of DEH.
V souvislosti s výstavou vydalo Muzeum hl. města Prahy výpravnou a informacemi nabitou knihu “Hro... more V souvislosti s výstavou vydalo Muzeum hl. města Prahy výpravnou a informacemi nabitou knihu “Hroby barbarů v Praze Zličíně. Svět živých a mrtvých doby stěhování národů” autorů Jaroslava Jiříka, Jiřího Vávry, Miroslavy Šmolíkové a Milana Kuchaříka. Vedle nich svými texty přispěla řada dalších autorů: Karel Sklenář, Stanislav Doležal, Jiří Militký, Wilhelm Heizmann (Mnichov), Dieter Quast (Mohuč), Susanne Greiff (Mohuč), Kristýna Urbanová, Marcela Horáková, Ivana Jarošová.
Tématicky zaměřené a vzájemně provázané kapitoly mapují z různých úhlů pohledu dobu stěhování národů a zasazují tak do širšího kontextu kostrové pohřebiště z 5. století v Praze-Zličíně. Podstatnou součástí knihy jsou informace o zličínském výzkumu, druhotném narušování hrobů a jednotlivých skupinách nálezů, jejich výrobě, distribuci a vzájemných souvislostech. Knihu doprovází množství krásných a názorných fotografií, výtvarných rekonstrukcí Libora Baláka a jiného obrazového materiálu.
A new book "Barbarian Graves in Prague Zličín. The World of the Living and the Dead of the Migration Period" was published together with the exhibition "Barbarian Graves. The World of the Living and the Dead of the Migration Period" in the City of Prague Museum. The main authors are: Jaroslav Jiřík, Jiří Vávra, Miroslava Šmolíková, Milan Kuchařík. There are other authors who contributed: Karel Sklenář (Prague), Stanislav Doležal (České Budějovice), Jiří Militký (Prague), Wilhelm Heizmann (Munich), Dieter Quast, Susanne Greiff (both Mainz), Kristýna Urbanová, Marcela Horáková, Ivana Jarošová (all Prague).
The mutually interconnected chapters relate to the Great Migration Period from different points of view (history of archaeology of this period in Prague, archaeology of this period in Bohemia and Europe, Roman coins and minting, historical background, the structure of society, kinship, iconography of gold bracteates and Germanic religion. The second half of the book deals with the burial site in Prague-Zličín and many of its aspects (the excavation, secondary reopenings of graves and grave robbery from the point of view of Mediterranean historical sources and of archaeological record in Prague-Zličín, evaluation of metal, ceramic, glass and bone artefacts, technology of glass vessels, evidence of textile remnants and human bones).
In: J. Juhelka (Ed.): Materiál z XIII. mezinarodní konference „popelnicová pole a doba halštatská“. Opava, Slezská univerzita v Opavě 2014. ISBN 978-80-7510-107-5. (Anthropological analysis of a Lusatian culture burial ground in Liptovský Mikuláš – Ondrašová).
During the rescue excavation of the burial ground of the Lusatian culture in Liptovský Mikuláš – ... more During the rescue excavation of the burial ground of the Lusatian culture in Liptovský Mikuláš – Ondrašová, situated in northern Slovakia, 6 burial mounds were discovered in 1968 - 1969; they contained 13 graves in total. Artifacts such as ceramics and bronze objects were found during the excavation and fall chronologically into the final phase of the Middle Bronze Age and into the beginning of the Late Bronze Age (BC/BD). Anthropological analyses of the oldest cremation burial sites of the Lusatian culture in northern Slovakia dated to the Middle Bronze Age have not taken place so far. The burial ground in Liptovský Mikuláš – Ondrašová, Slovakia, is the first burial site of the Lusiatian culture in Slovakia of this time period to be anthropologically analysed. During the analysis of the cremated remains the following characteristics have been determined: the color of the bone surface, the temperature at which the dead were burned, the burial weight, and the size of the skeletal fragments. Also, the number of individuals deposited in the graves as well as their ages and sexes were determined. The archaeological site made it possible for us to study aspects of the burial customs of the Lusatian culture in the beginning of the Late Bronze Age and to compare the earlier human burial practices with latter burials of the Lusatian culture in Slovakia.
Michal Zivny, Ivana Jarosova, Martina Fojtova (2012): Early medieval necropole in Dolni Vestonice... more Michal Zivny, Ivana Jarosova, Martina Fojtova (2012): Early medieval necropole in Dolni Vestonice, Czech Republic: The results of anthropological and demographical evaluation of children skeletons. 18th congress of the European Anthropological Association: Human Evolution and Dispersals. Ankara University, 3-6 September 2012. Ankara, Turkey.
Ivana Jarosova - Marta Dockalova - Martina Fojtova (2008): Buccal Enamel Microwear Variability in... more Ivana Jarosova - Marta Dockalova - Martina Fojtova (2008): Buccal Enamel Microwear Variability in Neolithic Population from the Czech Republic. 16th Congress of the European Anthropological Association, Odense, Denmark. European Anthropological Association (International Scientific Committee), University of Southern Denmark. 28– 31 Aug 2008, Odense, Denmark.
Ivana Jarosova (2007): Dietary Inferences using buccal microwear analysis on the LBK population f... more Ivana Jarosova (2007): Dietary Inferences using buccal microwear analysis on the LBK population from Vedrovice, Czech Republic. 13th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, Zadar, Croatia. European Association of Archaeologists. 18-23 Sep 2007, Zadar, Croatia.
Ivana Jarosova (2006): Buccal microwear: Dietary analysis of Old-Slavonic population from Dolni V... more Ivana Jarosova (2006): Buccal microwear: Dietary analysis of Old-Slavonic population from Dolni Vestonice, Czech Republic. 15th Congress of the European Anthropological Association, Budapest, Hungary “Man and Environment: Trends and Challenges in Anthropology”. European Anthropological Association (International Scientific Committee), Department of Biological Antropology - Faculty of Science - Eötvös Loránd University - Budapest. 31 Aug – 3 Sep 2006, Budapest, Hungary.
ARCHEOLOGIE STREDNI A MLADSI DOBY BRONZOVE NA VYSKOVSKU • PARMA, D. a kol. Kapitola 7 - BIOARCHEOLOGICKA DATA, 2017
stály záchranné výzkumy v trase dálnice na Vyškovsku řízené M. Bálkem, mimo uváděné vedoucí se na... more stály záchranné výzkumy v trase dálnice na Vyškovsku řízené M. Bálkem, mimo uváděné vedoucí se na jejich realizaci podílely stovky brigádníků, technici jako K. Výška, A. Raška, Z. Smrž a A. Beztužev, na laboratorním zpracování početných nálezů pak mezi jinými J. Bauerová, Š. Goldová, M. Trčalová a Š. Zbončáková. Terénní výzkumy navazujícího projektu z let 2014-2015 by nemohly proběhnout bez výborné spolupráce se společnostmi ZOD Haná a Agro Bureš, jmenovitě zejména s J. Vejchodou ze střediska v Ivanovicích n. H. Na prospekcích se podíleli zejména K. a F. Škrdlovi, J. Janík a J. Šindler, při určení nálezů byla nezastupitelná pomoc P. Fojtíka a M. Popelky. Terénní dokumentaci z let 2014-2015 digitalizovala M. Holemá, část kreseb vytvořila A. Krechlerová, na jejich grafickém zpracování se podílela Š. Trávníčková. Zpracování nálezů provedli J. Turek, V. Kosaková a V. Polcerová, na inventarizaci početných fondů Muzea Vyškovska se podíleli E. Benešová a M. Filipová, neocenitelná byla vstřícná spolupráce s K. Rybářovou z Muzea Vyškovska. Řada rad, podnětů a připomínek vzešla z rozhovorů s kolegy K. Šabatovou a M. Salašem, první jmenovaná ostatně prošlapala metodickou cestičku -její dosud nepublikovaná práce o Přáslavicích pro mne byla silným zdrojem inspirace. R. Bíško a P. Vachůt se podíleli na přípravě mapových podkladů, druhý jmenovaný přispěl cennými připomínkami i k podobě původní disertační práce. V neposlední řadě je třeba poděkovat za podporu oběma ředitelům ÚAPP Brno M. Čižmářovi a A. Matějíčkové a také kolegům z téže instituce za trpělivost, s níž akceptovali autorovu občasnou nepřítomnost na každodenním exkavačním bojišti. Práci věnuji všem archeologům, kteří se rozhodli nepustit z rukou rýč a stali se terénními specialisty se všemi výhodami i nevýhodami tohoto řemesla. D. Parma
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Papers by ivana jarosova
characteristics during the Middle and Late Neolithic in the area of today's Czech Republic and extending into Lower Austria. Dental caries, antemortem tooth loss, dental wear and periodontal disease provided us with valuable information about dental health. With the help of dental microwear analysis, we were able to evaluate complementary evidence to reconstruct dietary patterns and gain insights into diet evolution of established farmers and herders. The analysed sample was divided into two newly proposed long chronological phases which are derived from frequency occurrence of C14 data as a population proxy: Neolithic B (4900–4000 BC) and Neolithic C (3800–3400 BC). The obtained data were compared with LBK (Neolithic A) and Final Neolithic samples to provide the actual picture of dental characteristics in Neolithic. As observed, the incidence of tooth decay tended to decrease during the Neolithic period in the studied area, while the ratio of the meat component in the diet tended to increase. However, the changes during the post-LBK period did not have a uniform character, as it might seem at first glance; there was high variability in the studied area caused not only by socio-economic changes in society, but these changes seem to reflect the approach to the food consumed. This variability was probably influenced by the chronological and geographical context as well.
A grave dated to the Middle Bronze Age with two burials in stone chambers represents a unique find in Moravia. The grave was the solitary feature from the given period at the excavation site, without any barrow identified. Part of the stone used for the construction is querns from a 40 km distant source, most of the structure is made of local limestone. Both burials-a child and an adult-were deposited simulta neously and furnished with personal jewellery and grave goods. Organic residues and usewear traces were recorded on bronze artefacts. The grave inventory also includes a stone axe from uncommon stone material-eclogite. Based on a typological analysis and a series of radiocarbon dates, the entire unit is dated to the middle stage of the Tumulus culture, at the turn of the 15 th and 14 th century BC. The preser vation of anthropological material, the exclusive interior construction, the furnishing of both burials and modern documentation represent an exceptional data source for the knowledge of the Middle Bronze Age society and its burial practices.
including emergency burials, the consequences of legal acts or as a reflection of the social or ethnic status of individuals buried in this manner. The unique find of a woman with a luxurious set of ornaments from Ivanovice na Hané combines both aspects. Thanks to its specific spatial context and the evidence of the intentional destruction of artefacts, the burial in a common settlement pit can be interpreted with a high degree of certainty as a remarkable event, probably a specific type of sacrifice. As a whole, the assemblage of ornaments with emonstrable imports has no parallel in local contexts and points to the elite status of the individual of local origin. The individual artefacts have good parallels in the hoards of the Gyermely horizon, and thanks to a radiocarbon date from a bone this find provides us with an important contribution to the absolute dating of this find horizon.
ABSTRACT: Recently, there have been two international bioarchaeological projects focusing on LBK: "Biological and cultural identity of first farmers: Multiple bio-archaeological analysis of a central European cemetery (Vedrovice) project" known also as "Vedrovice bioarchaeology project" and "The first farmers of central Europe: diversity in LBK lifeways". We took a similar approach at a local level and analysed dental microwear pattern by comparing the results with already published stable isotopic data (carbon & nitrogen) (Richards et al. 2008, Smrčka et al. 2005, 2008a and Whittle et al. 2013) to deepen our knowledge about the dietary habits of individuals living and eating in the early LBK. Buccal dental microwear analysis as a short-term indicator of diet was carried out on a sample of 43 individuals from the Vedrovice site (Czech Republic) and of 49 individuals from the Nitra - Horné Krškany site (Slovakia) with well preserved dental enamel to compare site-based diversity using dental microwear. Both sites belong among the earliest cemeteries in the Central European region (or in a broader sense, the Middle Danube area) as they are dated to Neolithic period, specifically the early phase of LBK, since the burials in Vedrovice and Nitra mostly spanned 53rd–52nd century cal BC (Pettitt, Hedges 2008, Griffiths 2013, Whittle et al. 2013). For each individual, replicas of the buccal surface of molars or premolars that showed clear microwear patterns were analysed by secondary electrons of a scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, results were compared with published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). By comparing adult males and females (n = 33) within the Vedrovice sample including two cemeteries and settlement, no sex related differences were observed in dental microwear pattern, which is contrary to a previously published paper on a sample of 18 individuals buried at Vedrovice - Široká u lesa cemetery (Jarošová 2008), where a statistically significant sex related difference was observed, with a higher vegetal intake for females than males inferred. Similarly, no sex related differences between adults were observed within the Nitra population (n = 31). However, an age-related variability was observed between adults and subadults within both studied samples with more obvious differences in the Vedrovice sample, which may have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake. Adults from Nitra had a distinct microwear pattern to adults from Vedrovice. In another group of analysed individuals from Vedrovice and Nitra - Horné Krškany, slightly different results were observed in the published stable isotopic data: carbon and nitrogen isotopic data, as a long-term indicator of diet, proved no statistical difference between the diet of subadults and adults within both studied samples and no difference between diet of adult males and females in Nitra site. On the contrary, statistically significant differences were observed between adult males and females in Vedrovice in terms of nitrogen data indicating a higher protein based diet in males. The subject of this article is a detailed analysis of the two populations using different groups of individuals and methodologies; as wells as a comparison of selected individuals for which both types of analyses were conducted to elucidate the dietary habits of the two biggest LBK populations in Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Ivana Jarosova: Chapter 3.2.7. Rekonstrukce stravy podle mikroabrazí zubů : pp.48-52 / Rekonstruktion der Ernährung anhand der Mikroabrasionen der Zähne: pp. 137-140.
site, Czech Republic. The Prague-Zličín burial ground is dated to the Migration Period, 5th century
AD. For each individual, molars or premolars were analyzed in secondary electrons of scanning
electron microscope. The length, orientation and number of all observed striations were quantified
using SigmaScan Pro 5.0, image analysis software. Subsequently, results obtained were compared with
published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural
populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). The analysis yielded a similar microwear
pattern within the Prague-Zličín population. The density and the length of microstriations showed no
inter-group variability according to sex and age in adults; only an age-related variability, which might
have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake, was observed between adults and
subadults. The abrasiveness of food consumed in the Migration period was significantly higher than the
other comparative Neolithic and Medieval samples in terms of striation density (NT) and length (XT).
The observed amounts of abrasive particles in the diet might have originated from highly-abrasive food
and/or food preparation technology. Migration period individuals were found to have a significantly
higher number of vertical microwear features (NV), which were also found to be longer (XV) than
other examined individuals from different periods. A possible high meat intake might be inferred in the
Prague-Zličín population using NH/NT and NV/NT ratios. When comparing social status with dietary
habits, a softer diet was found in individuals with higher social status.
published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). The analysis yielded a similar microwear
pattern within the Prague-Zličín population. The density and the length of microstriations showed no inter-group variability according to sex and age in adults; only an age-related variability, which might have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake, was observed between adults and subadults. The abrasiveness of food consumed in the Migration period was significantly higher than the other comparative Neolithic and Medieval samples in terms of striation density (NT) and length (XT). The observed amounts of abrasive particles in the diet might have originated from highly-abrasive food and/or food preparation technology. Migration period individuals were found to have a significantly higher number of vertical microwear features (NV), which were also found to be longer (XV) than other examined individuals from different periods. A possible high meat intake might be inferred in the
Prague-Zličín population using NH/NT and NV/NT ratios. When comparing social status with dietary habits, a softer diet was found in individuals with higher social status.
period. DEH was present at a high frequency (32.2% of all examined individuals), but nearly all of these records of past stressors in childhood have only short-term acute forms in the way of lines or grooves.
Only one single case provided evidence for a chronic form of DEH. The timing of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) studied in 13 individuals provides an assessment of the occurrence and frequency of
age when LEH formed. Overall anthropological analysis suggests a relative high number of indicators of environmental stressors related to the prevalence of dental caries, pre-mortem tooth loss and the prevalence scores of DEH.
Tématicky zaměřené a vzájemně provázané kapitoly mapují z různých úhlů pohledu dobu stěhování národů a zasazují tak do širšího kontextu kostrové pohřebiště z 5. století v Praze-Zličíně. Podstatnou součástí knihy jsou informace o zličínském výzkumu, druhotném narušování hrobů a jednotlivých skupinách nálezů, jejich výrobě, distribuci a vzájemných souvislostech. Knihu doprovází množství krásných a názorných fotografií, výtvarných rekonstrukcí Libora Baláka a jiného obrazového materiálu.
A new book "Barbarian Graves in Prague Zličín. The World of the Living and the Dead of the Migration Period" was published together with the exhibition "Barbarian Graves. The World of the Living and the Dead of the Migration Period" in the City of Prague Museum. The main authors are: Jaroslav Jiřík, Jiří Vávra, Miroslava Šmolíková, Milan Kuchařík. There are other authors who contributed: Karel Sklenář (Prague), Stanislav Doležal (České Budějovice), Jiří Militký (Prague), Wilhelm Heizmann (Munich), Dieter Quast, Susanne Greiff (both Mainz), Kristýna Urbanová, Marcela Horáková, Ivana Jarošová (all Prague).
The mutually interconnected chapters relate to the Great Migration Period from different points of view (history of archaeology of this period in Prague, archaeology of this period in Bohemia and Europe, Roman coins and minting, historical background, the structure of society, kinship, iconography of gold bracteates and Germanic religion. The second half of the book deals with the burial site in Prague-Zličín and many of its aspects (the excavation, secondary reopenings of graves and grave robbery from the point of view of Mediterranean historical sources and of archaeological record in Prague-Zličín, evaluation of metal, ceramic, glass and bone artefacts, technology of glass vessels, evidence of textile remnants and human bones).
characteristics during the Middle and Late Neolithic in the area of today's Czech Republic and extending into Lower Austria. Dental caries, antemortem tooth loss, dental wear and periodontal disease provided us with valuable information about dental health. With the help of dental microwear analysis, we were able to evaluate complementary evidence to reconstruct dietary patterns and gain insights into diet evolution of established farmers and herders. The analysed sample was divided into two newly proposed long chronological phases which are derived from frequency occurrence of C14 data as a population proxy: Neolithic B (4900–4000 BC) and Neolithic C (3800–3400 BC). The obtained data were compared with LBK (Neolithic A) and Final Neolithic samples to provide the actual picture of dental characteristics in Neolithic. As observed, the incidence of tooth decay tended to decrease during the Neolithic period in the studied area, while the ratio of the meat component in the diet tended to increase. However, the changes during the post-LBK period did not have a uniform character, as it might seem at first glance; there was high variability in the studied area caused not only by socio-economic changes in society, but these changes seem to reflect the approach to the food consumed. This variability was probably influenced by the chronological and geographical context as well.
A grave dated to the Middle Bronze Age with two burials in stone chambers represents a unique find in Moravia. The grave was the solitary feature from the given period at the excavation site, without any barrow identified. Part of the stone used for the construction is querns from a 40 km distant source, most of the structure is made of local limestone. Both burials-a child and an adult-were deposited simulta neously and furnished with personal jewellery and grave goods. Organic residues and usewear traces were recorded on bronze artefacts. The grave inventory also includes a stone axe from uncommon stone material-eclogite. Based on a typological analysis and a series of radiocarbon dates, the entire unit is dated to the middle stage of the Tumulus culture, at the turn of the 15 th and 14 th century BC. The preser vation of anthropological material, the exclusive interior construction, the furnishing of both burials and modern documentation represent an exceptional data source for the knowledge of the Middle Bronze Age society and its burial practices.
including emergency burials, the consequences of legal acts or as a reflection of the social or ethnic status of individuals buried in this manner. The unique find of a woman with a luxurious set of ornaments from Ivanovice na Hané combines both aspects. Thanks to its specific spatial context and the evidence of the intentional destruction of artefacts, the burial in a common settlement pit can be interpreted with a high degree of certainty as a remarkable event, probably a specific type of sacrifice. As a whole, the assemblage of ornaments with emonstrable imports has no parallel in local contexts and points to the elite status of the individual of local origin. The individual artefacts have good parallels in the hoards of the Gyermely horizon, and thanks to a radiocarbon date from a bone this find provides us with an important contribution to the absolute dating of this find horizon.
ABSTRACT: Recently, there have been two international bioarchaeological projects focusing on LBK: "Biological and cultural identity of first farmers: Multiple bio-archaeological analysis of a central European cemetery (Vedrovice) project" known also as "Vedrovice bioarchaeology project" and "The first farmers of central Europe: diversity in LBK lifeways". We took a similar approach at a local level and analysed dental microwear pattern by comparing the results with already published stable isotopic data (carbon & nitrogen) (Richards et al. 2008, Smrčka et al. 2005, 2008a and Whittle et al. 2013) to deepen our knowledge about the dietary habits of individuals living and eating in the early LBK. Buccal dental microwear analysis as a short-term indicator of diet was carried out on a sample of 43 individuals from the Vedrovice site (Czech Republic) and of 49 individuals from the Nitra - Horné Krškany site (Slovakia) with well preserved dental enamel to compare site-based diversity using dental microwear. Both sites belong among the earliest cemeteries in the Central European region (or in a broader sense, the Middle Danube area) as they are dated to Neolithic period, specifically the early phase of LBK, since the burials in Vedrovice and Nitra mostly spanned 53rd–52nd century cal BC (Pettitt, Hedges 2008, Griffiths 2013, Whittle et al. 2013). For each individual, replicas of the buccal surface of molars or premolars that showed clear microwear patterns were analysed by secondary electrons of a scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, results were compared with published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). By comparing adult males and females (n = 33) within the Vedrovice sample including two cemeteries and settlement, no sex related differences were observed in dental microwear pattern, which is contrary to a previously published paper on a sample of 18 individuals buried at Vedrovice - Široká u lesa cemetery (Jarošová 2008), where a statistically significant sex related difference was observed, with a higher vegetal intake for females than males inferred. Similarly, no sex related differences between adults were observed within the Nitra population (n = 31). However, an age-related variability was observed between adults and subadults within both studied samples with more obvious differences in the Vedrovice sample, which may have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake. Adults from Nitra had a distinct microwear pattern to adults from Vedrovice. In another group of analysed individuals from Vedrovice and Nitra - Horné Krškany, slightly different results were observed in the published stable isotopic data: carbon and nitrogen isotopic data, as a long-term indicator of diet, proved no statistical difference between the diet of subadults and adults within both studied samples and no difference between diet of adult males and females in Nitra site. On the contrary, statistically significant differences were observed between adult males and females in Vedrovice in terms of nitrogen data indicating a higher protein based diet in males. The subject of this article is a detailed analysis of the two populations using different groups of individuals and methodologies; as wells as a comparison of selected individuals for which both types of analyses were conducted to elucidate the dietary habits of the two biggest LBK populations in Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Ivana Jarosova: Chapter 3.2.7. Rekonstrukce stravy podle mikroabrazí zubů : pp.48-52 / Rekonstruktion der Ernährung anhand der Mikroabrasionen der Zähne: pp. 137-140.
site, Czech Republic. The Prague-Zličín burial ground is dated to the Migration Period, 5th century
AD. For each individual, molars or premolars were analyzed in secondary electrons of scanning
electron microscope. The length, orientation and number of all observed striations were quantified
using SigmaScan Pro 5.0, image analysis software. Subsequently, results obtained were compared with
published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural
populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). The analysis yielded a similar microwear
pattern within the Prague-Zličín population. The density and the length of microstriations showed no
inter-group variability according to sex and age in adults; only an age-related variability, which might
have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake, was observed between adults and
subadults. The abrasiveness of food consumed in the Migration period was significantly higher than the
other comparative Neolithic and Medieval samples in terms of striation density (NT) and length (XT).
The observed amounts of abrasive particles in the diet might have originated from highly-abrasive food
and/or food preparation technology. Migration period individuals were found to have a significantly
higher number of vertical microwear features (NV), which were also found to be longer (XV) than
other examined individuals from different periods. A possible high meat intake might be inferred in the
Prague-Zličín population using NH/NT and NV/NT ratios. When comparing social status with dietary
habits, a softer diet was found in individuals with higher social status.
published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). The analysis yielded a similar microwear
pattern within the Prague-Zličín population. The density and the length of microstriations showed no inter-group variability according to sex and age in adults; only an age-related variability, which might have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake, was observed between adults and subadults. The abrasiveness of food consumed in the Migration period was significantly higher than the other comparative Neolithic and Medieval samples in terms of striation density (NT) and length (XT). The observed amounts of abrasive particles in the diet might have originated from highly-abrasive food and/or food preparation technology. Migration period individuals were found to have a significantly higher number of vertical microwear features (NV), which were also found to be longer (XV) than other examined individuals from different periods. A possible high meat intake might be inferred in the
Prague-Zličín population using NH/NT and NV/NT ratios. When comparing social status with dietary habits, a softer diet was found in individuals with higher social status.
period. DEH was present at a high frequency (32.2% of all examined individuals), but nearly all of these records of past stressors in childhood have only short-term acute forms in the way of lines or grooves.
Only one single case provided evidence for a chronic form of DEH. The timing of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) studied in 13 individuals provides an assessment of the occurrence and frequency of
age when LEH formed. Overall anthropological analysis suggests a relative high number of indicators of environmental stressors related to the prevalence of dental caries, pre-mortem tooth loss and the prevalence scores of DEH.
Tématicky zaměřené a vzájemně provázané kapitoly mapují z různých úhlů pohledu dobu stěhování národů a zasazují tak do širšího kontextu kostrové pohřebiště z 5. století v Praze-Zličíně. Podstatnou součástí knihy jsou informace o zličínském výzkumu, druhotném narušování hrobů a jednotlivých skupinách nálezů, jejich výrobě, distribuci a vzájemných souvislostech. Knihu doprovází množství krásných a názorných fotografií, výtvarných rekonstrukcí Libora Baláka a jiného obrazového materiálu.
A new book "Barbarian Graves in Prague Zličín. The World of the Living and the Dead of the Migration Period" was published together with the exhibition "Barbarian Graves. The World of the Living and the Dead of the Migration Period" in the City of Prague Museum. The main authors are: Jaroslav Jiřík, Jiří Vávra, Miroslava Šmolíková, Milan Kuchařík. There are other authors who contributed: Karel Sklenář (Prague), Stanislav Doležal (České Budějovice), Jiří Militký (Prague), Wilhelm Heizmann (Munich), Dieter Quast, Susanne Greiff (both Mainz), Kristýna Urbanová, Marcela Horáková, Ivana Jarošová (all Prague).
The mutually interconnected chapters relate to the Great Migration Period from different points of view (history of archaeology of this period in Prague, archaeology of this period in Bohemia and Europe, Roman coins and minting, historical background, the structure of society, kinship, iconography of gold bracteates and Germanic religion. The second half of the book deals with the burial site in Prague-Zličín and many of its aspects (the excavation, secondary reopenings of graves and grave robbery from the point of view of Mediterranean historical sources and of archaeological record in Prague-Zličín, evaluation of metal, ceramic, glass and bone artefacts, technology of glass vessels, evidence of textile remnants and human bones).