Heinrich Himmler
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (bahasa Jerman: [ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈluˑɪtˌpɔlt ˈhɪmlɐ] (
dengar); 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) ialah Ketua SS (Reichsfuhrer SS) keseluruhan Reich Ketiga. Himmler merupakan perancang utama bagi polisi penghapusan Nazi di Eropah dan tokoh kedua paling berkuasa bagi regim Nazi.
Heinrich Himmler | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Dalam jawatan 6 January 1929 – 29 April 1945 | |
| Ketua | Adolf Hitler |
| Didahului oleh | Erhard Heiden |
| Digantikan oleh | Karl Hanke |
| Dalam jawatan 17 Jun 1936 – 29 April 1945 | |
| Ketua | Adolf Hitler |
| Didahului oleh | Jawatan diwujudkan |
| Digantikan oleh | Karl Hanke |
| Dalam jawatan 7 Oktober 1939 – 29 April 1945 | |
| Ketua | Adolf Hitler |
| Didahului oleh | Jawatan diwujudkan |
| Digantikan oleh | tiada |
| Dalam jawatan 4 Jun 1942 – 30 Januari 1943 | |
| Didahului oleh | Reinhard Heydrich |
| Digantikan oleh | Ernst Kaltenbrunner |
| Dalam jawatan 24 Ogos 1943 – 29 April 1945 | |
| Canselor | Adolf Hitler |
| Didahului oleh | Wilhelm Frick |
| Digantikan oleh | Wilhelm Stuckart |
| Maklumat peribadi | |
| Lahir | Heinrich Luitpold Himmler 7 Oktober 1900 Munich, Negeri Bavaria, Empayar Jerman |
| Mati | 23 Mei 1945 (umur 44) Lüneburg, Lower Saxony, Jerman |
| Parti politik | Parti Buruh Jerman Sosialis Nasional (Parti Nazi) |
| Pasangan | Margarete Bode |
| Anak | Gudrun, Helge, Nanette Dorotha |
| Tempat belajar | Universiti Teknikal Munich |
| Bidang pengkhususan | Ahli Agronomi |
| Kabinet | Kabinet Hitler |
| Tandatangan |  |
| Perkhidmatan tentera | |
| Kesetiaan |  Empayar Jerman |
| Cabang/khidmat | Heer |
| Tahun khidmat | 1917–1918 |
| Pangkat | Fahnenjunker |
| Unit | Rejimen Ke-11 Infantri Bavaria |
| Perang/Pertempuran | Perang Dunia I |
Anugerah kebesaran
sunting- Medal Peringatan Anschluss
- Medal Peringatan Sudetenland berserta Lencana Istana Prague
- Medal Peringatan Memel
- Lencana Emas Kehormat Parti Nazi
- Lencana Emas Belia Hitler berserta Daun Oak
- Blood Order Parti Nazi (Medal Peringatan 9 November 1923)
- Nazi Party Long Service Award warna Perak dan Gangsa
- SS Long Service Award
- Nuremberg Party Day Badge, 1929
- Sword of honour of the Reichsführer-SS
- SS Honour Ring
- Lencana Emas Juruterbang Pemerhati bertahta Berlian (Kehormat): 12 Julai 1942
Lihat juga
suntingBibliografi
sunting- Biondi, Robert, penyunting (2000) [1942]. SS Officers List: (as of 30 January 1942): SS-Standartenfuhrer to SS-Oberstgruppenfuhrer: Assignments and Decorations of the Senior SS Officer Corps. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. ISBN 978-0-7643-1061-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Breitman, Richard (2004). Himmler and the Final Solution: The Architect of Genocide. London: Pimlico. ISBN 978-1-84413-089-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bullock, Alan (1999) [1952]. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. New York: Konecky & Konecky. ISBN 978-1-56852-036-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cecil, Robert (1972). The Myth of the Master Race: Alfred Rosenberg and Nazi Ideology. New York: Dodd, Mead. ISBN 978-0-396-06577-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cesarani, David (2004). Holocaust: From the Persecution of the Jews to Mass Murder. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-27511-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Duffy, Christopher (1991). Red Storm on the Reich: The Soviet March On Germany, 1945. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80505-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-14-303469-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Evans, Richard J. (2005). The Third Reich in Power. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-14-303790-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Evans, Richard J. (2008). The Third Reich at War. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-14-311671-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Flaherty, T. H. (2004) [1988]. The Third Reich: The SS. Time-Life Books, Inc. ISBN 1-84447-073-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Gerwarth, Robert (2011). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11575-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Gilbert, Martin (1987) [1985]. The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War. New York: Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-0348-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Goldhagen, Daniel (1996). Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-44695-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hillgruber, Andreas (1989). The Nazi Holocaust Part 3, The "Final Solution": The Implementation of Mass Murder, Volume 1. Westpoint, CT: Meckler. ISBN 978-0-88736-266-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Himmler, Katrin (2012). The Himmler Brothers. London: Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-330-44814-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Internationaler Militärgerichtshof Nürnberg (IMT) (1989), Der Nürnberger Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher (dalam bahasa German), Band 29: Urkunden und anderes Beweismaterial, Nachdruck München: Delphin Verlag, ISBN 978-3-7735-2523-9CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kohn-Bramstedt, Ernest (1998) [1945]. Dictatorship and Political Police: The Technique of Control by Fear. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-17542-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kolb, Eberhard (2005) [1984]. The Weimar Republic. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-34441-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Longerich, Peter (2012). Heinrich Himmler: A Life. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-959232-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lukas, Richard C. (2001) [1994]. Did the Children Cry?: Hitler's War Against Jewish and Polish Children, 1939–1945. New York: Hippocrene. ISBN 978-0-7818-0870-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lumsden, Robin (2002). A Collector's Guide To: The Allgemeine–SS. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-7110-2905-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Manvell, Roger; Fraenkel, Heinrich (2011) [1962]. Goering: The Rise and Fall of the Notorious Nazi Leader. London: Skyhorse. ISBN 978-1-61608-109-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Manvell, Roger; Fraenkel, Heinrich (2007) [1965]. Heinrich Himmler: The Sinister Life of the Head of the SS and Gestapo. London; New York: Greenhill; Skyhorse. ISBN 978-1-60239-178-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- McNab, Chris (2009). The SS: 1923–1945. London: Amber Books. ISBN 978-1-906626-49-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Nicholas, Lynn H. (2006) [2005]. Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web. New York: Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-77663-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Overy, Richard (2004). The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia. New York: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-02030-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Padfield, Peter (2001) [1990]. Himmler: Reichsführer-SS. London: Cassel & Co. ISBN 978-0-304-35839-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Penkower, Monty Noam (1988). The Jews Were Expendable: Free World Diplomacy and the Holocaust. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-1952-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Pringle, Heather (2006). The Master Plan: Himmler's Scholars and the Holocaust. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 978-0-7868-6886-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Sereny, Gitta (1996) [1995]. Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth. New York; Toronto: Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-76812-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Shirer, William L. (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-62420-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Speer, Albert (1971) [1969]. Inside the Third Reich. New York: Avon. ISBN 978-0-380-00071-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Toland, John (1977) [1976]. Adolf Hitler: The Definitive Biography. London: Book Club Associates.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Weale, Adrian (2010). The SS: A New History. London: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-1-4087-0304-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Williams, Max (2001). Reinhard Heydrich: The Biography: Volume 1. Church Stretton: Ulric. ISBN 978-0-9537577-5-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Yenne, Bill (2010). Hitler's Master of the Dark Arts: Himmler's Black Knights and the Occult Origins of the SS. Minneapolis: Zenith. ISBN 978-0-7603-3778-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann, penyunting (1991). The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Amy Hackett (trans.). New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-897502-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Sumber Online
- "How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust? How do we know? Do we have their names?". Yad Vashem. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-05-19. Dicapai pada 1 July 2012.
- "Introduction to the Holocaust". ushmm.org. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Dicapai pada 1 July 2012.
- "The Treatment of Soviet POWs: Starvation, Disease, and Shootings, June 1941– January 1942". ushmm.org. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Dicapai pada 9 June 2012.
- Doward, Jamie (1 January 2006). "Hitler must die without trial – Churchill". The Guardian Online. London: The Observer. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878. Dicapai pada 21 June 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Himmler, Heinrich (6 October 1943). "Heinrich Himmler's Speech at Poznan (Posen)". Holocaust History Project. Dicapai pada 5 June 2012.
- Himmler, Heinrich (6 October 1943). "The Complete Text of the Poznan Speech". Holocaust History Project. Dicapai pada 5 June 2012.
- Lisciotto, Carmelo (2007). "SS & Other Nazi Leaders". Holocaust Research Project. Dicapai pada 20 June 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Longerich, Heinz Peter (2003). "Hitler's Role in the Persecution of the Jews by the Nazi Regime". Atlanta: Emory University. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-07-22. Dicapai pada 31 July 2013. Cite journal requires
|journal=(bantuan);|chapter=ignored (bantuan) - Longerich, Heinz Peter (2003). "Hitler's Role in the Persecution of the Jews by the Nazi Regime". Atlanta: Emory University. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-07-09. Dicapai pada 31 July 2013. Cite journal requires
|journal=(bantuan);|chapter=ignored (bantuan) - Sauer, Wolfgang. "Heinrich Himmler". grolier.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 1997-12-11. Dicapai pada 21 June 2012.
- Sereny, Gitta (November 1999). "Stolen Children". Talk. Jewish Virtual Library. Dicapai pada 1 July 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Staff (2 December 2010). "Shadowy Nazi support group still honours daughter of SS head". sify.com. Sify News. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2010-12-08. Dicapai pada 1 July 2012.
- Von Wiegrefe, Klaus (11 March 2008). "Das Dunkle im Menschen". Der Spiegel. Hamburg: SpiegelNet GmbH (45). Dicapai pada 21 June 2012. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bacaan lanjut
sunting- Frischauer, Willi (1953). Himmler: The Evil Genius of the Third Reich. London: Odhams Press. OCLC 464067803.
- Haiger, Ernst (Summer 2006). "Fiction, Facts, and Forgeries: The 'Revelations' of Peter and Martin Allen about the History of the Second World War". The Journal of Intelligence History. 6 (1): 105–117.
- Hale, Christopher (2003). Himmler's Crusade: The True Story of the 1938 Nazi expedition into Tibet. London: Transworld. ISBN 978-0-593-04952-5.
- Höhne, Heinz (1972). The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS. Translated from German by Richard Barry. London; New York: Penguin Classic. ISBN 978-0-14-139012-3.
- Himmler, Katrin (2005). Die Brüder Himmler. Eine deutsche Familiengeschichte (dalam bahasa German). S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. ISBN 978-3-10-033629-3. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Höss, Rudolf (2000) [1951]. Commandant of Auschwitz: The Autobiography of Rudolf Hoess. London: Phoenix Press. ISBN 978-1-84212-024-8.
- Morgan, Ted (1990). An Uncertain Hour: The French, the Germans, the Jews, the Klaus Barbie Trial, and the City of Lyon, 1940–1945. London: The Bodley Head. ISBN 978-0-370-31504-1.
- Reitlinger, Gerald (1981) [1956]. The SS: Alibi of a Nation 1922–1945. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-839936-8.
- Russell, Stuart (2007). La fortezza di Heinrich Himmler — Il centro ideologico di Weltanschauung delle SS — Cronaca per immagini della scuola-SS Haus Wewelsburg 1934–1945. Rome: Editrice Thule Italia. ISBN 978-88-902781-0-5. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (bantuan) - Thomas, Hugh W. (2002). The Strange Death of Heinrich Himmler: A Forensic Investigation. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-28923-2.
Pautan luar
sunting| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan: Heinrich Himmler. |
| Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: Heinrich Himmler |
 |
Wikisource mempunyai karya asli yang dikarang oleh atau mengenai: Heinrich Himmler |
- List of Himmler speeches This list of Himmler speeches includes online sources and material in the US National Archives.
- Die Schutzstaffel als antibolschewistische Kampforganisation: An essay by Himmler
- Heinrich Himmler at the Holocaust Research Project
- Karya oleh atau mengenai Heinrich Himmler di perpustakaan (katalog WorldCat)
- Register of the Heinrich Himmler Papers, 1914–1944 at the Hoover Institution Archives
| Pejabat-pejabat kerajaan | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh Erhard Heiden |
Reichsführer-SS 1929–1945 |
Diikuti oleh: Karl Hanke |
| Jawatan politik | ||
| Didahului oleh Wilhelm Frick |
Menteri Dalam Negeri Jerman 1943–1945 |
Diikuti oleh: Wilhelm Stuckart |
| Pegawai tentera | ||
| Didahului oleh tiada |
Panglima Kumpulan Tentera Darat Upper Rhine (Oberrheine) 10 Disember 1944 – 24 Januari 1945 |
Diikuti oleh: tiada |
| Didahului oleh tiada |
Panglima Kumpulan Tentera Darat Vistula 25 Januari 1945 – 13 Mac 1945 |
Diikuti oleh: Generaloberst Gotthard Heinrici (20 Mac) |
| Anugerah dan pencapaian | ||
| Didahului oleh Joseph Stalin |
Kulit Depan Majalah Time 12 Februari 1945 |
Diikuti oleh: William Hood Simpson |