The present is a critical evaluation of the disclosure practices of the annual reports of Islamic... more The present is a critical evaluation of the disclosure practices of the annual reports of Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The study identified 144 disclosure factors required complying by the Islamic banks under traditional and Shari`ah regulations. These factors were classified into nine including Company Profile Items (7), Accounting Policy Items (12), Balance Sheet Items (Assets) (18), Balance Sheet Items (Liabilities) (15), Income Statement Items (Cr.) (9), Income Statement Items (Dr.)(11), Ratios, Statistics and other Details (18), Projections and Budgetary Disclosure (27) and finally Measurement and Valuation Method (27). The study found that on an average, Islamic banks complied the highest 94.28% in case of Company Profile Items and the lowest 38.57% in case of Projections and Budgetary Disclosure. The study suggested giving importance in all the segments of disclosure for quality reporting and disclosing maximum information in their annual report maintaining quality in all the areas as Islam always gives emphasis on full disclosure so that the users of their report can get their required information of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh.
– This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of the nature and extent of corporate social ... more – This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of the nature and extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in the annual report by banking companies in Bangladesh, identify the impact of regulatory change on CSR reporting and examine whether there is any relationship between the extent of CSR reporting and bank characteristics. CSR movement and CSR reporting practices by financial sector have gathered great momentum in recent years. Banking sector is in the leading position in discharging CSR reporting.
Human resources are one of the most important factors without which a business concern is impossi... more Human resources are one of the most important factors without which a business concern is impossible to conduct and it is a vital factor especially in cash of service oriented business. The present study aimed at exploring the human resource reporting practices in annual reports of banking sector of Bangladesh. The study used content analysis approach to determine the level of human resource disclosure in annual reports of the banking companies in Bangladesh. The study examined the effect of bank characteristics on human resource disclosure level the listed banking companies in Bangladesh. The result of the study shows that on an average banking companies disclose 59% of the expected human resource disclosure and thre is no significant relationship between bank characteristics and human resource disclosure.
Human resources are one of the most important factors without which a business concern is impossi... more Human resources are one of the most important factors without which a business concern is impossible to conduct and it is a vital factor especially in case of service oriented business. The present study aimed at exploring the human resource reporting practices in annual reports of banking sector of Bangladesh. The study used content analysis approach to determine the level of human resource disclosure in annual reports of the banking companies in Bangladesh. The study examined the effect of bank characteristics on human resource disclosure level the listed banking companies in Bangladesh. The result of the study shows that on an average banking companies disclose 59% of the expected human resource disclosure and there is no significant relationship between bank characteristics and human resource disclosure.
This paper is an endeavor to depict the conditions of the female workers from two perspectives. O... more This paper is an endeavor to depict the conditions of the female workers from two perspectives. One is social perspective and the other is economic perspective. The analysis is based on the survey of 151 female workers of 29 garment industrial units located in different parts of Chittagong Metropolitan area. This study suggests that the standard of living of the female garment workers is still in precarious condition and they are not free from the vicious circle of poverty and face extreme difficulties in obtaining their basic needs for survival even. This paper recommends measures for improving the prevailing socio-economic facilities, to a great extent, to achieve female workers' satisfaction at the maximum level.
Bangladesh and to evaluate the opportunities and challenges that they are facing in the same. The... more Bangladesh and to evaluate the opportunities and challenges that they are facing in the same. The article concludes providing some suggestions to the regulatory bodies for improving the investment opportunities of the female investors in the capital markets.
The article measures the performance of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank (i.e. Return o... more The article measures the performance of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank (i.e. Return on Investment or ROI) against fixed lending rate of local conventional banks, foreign conventional banks and state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh for the period of 2007 until 2010. About 8050 observations were categorized into term loan provided to large, medium and small scale industries, working capital provided to large and small scale industries, export trade financing, housing loan, consumer credit, credit to Non-banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs) and other classes. This study is an attempt to find whether there are any differences of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank against fixed lending rate of local conventional banks, foreign conventional banks and state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh. Analyses reveal that the foreign commercial banks charged the highest rate on the borrowers during the selected periods.
Human Resource (HR) disclosure in Textile companies in a developing country with abundance of hum... more Human Resource (HR) disclosure in Textile companies in a developing country with abundance of human resources like Bangladesh is a new flavor in social accounting literature. The study is an investigation of HR disclosure practices and its relationship with the company specific attributes of all 29 listed Textile companies in Bangladesh. The study considered 81 human resource items under eight different classes which are expected to be disclosed in the annual report. The study found that though some graphs, charts and pictures were used for HR disclosure but most of the information was disclosed in narrative form. Sample companies on an average disclosed about 50% and about 60% companies disclosed less than 50% of the expected HR items and HR disclosure is significantly related with the size of the companies measured by gross revenue. The study expects that textile companies would disclose more HR information in future to attract more promising employees.
Shari`ah compliance is regarded as the foundation of the Islamic banking. Though Islamic banks gi... more Shari`ah compliance is regarded as the foundation of the Islamic banking. Though Islamic banks give priority on Shari`ah compliance, a number of factors hinder Shari`ah compliance. Shari`ah knowledge, efforts and seriousness of the bank authorities and bank employees are the pre-requisites for complying Shari`ah appropriately. But it is observed that there are lack of Shari`ah knowledge, efforts and seriousness among bank authorities and bank employees. The present study demonstrates the importance of Shari`ah compliance in general and particularly in Islamic banking to make them aware and serious in complying Shari`ah. The reasons for Shari`ah compliance are divided into six, such as: Shari`ah compliance for better life in the earth, Shari`ah compliance for saving life, property and honor, Shari`ah compliance for better life after death, Shari`ah compliance for salvation from punishment in the earth, Shari`ah compliance for salvation from punishment after death and Needs for Shari`ah compliance in Islamic banking. The paper also direct the way how Shari`ah compliance is being carried out at the organizational level.
Ethical business attempts to establish justice to all of its stakeholders by satisfying their eth... more Ethical business attempts to establish justice to all of its stakeholders by satisfying their ethical desires. But lack of ethical desires of the stakeholders is a major hindrance to developing an ethical business. In a larger-scale-enterprise, owner, management, and accountant play vital role in initiating, establishing, and ensuring ethical guidelines for all of its stakeholders. In the way to ethical business development, one or two of these three parties are not able to ensure justice independently rather needs a mutual cooperation.
The present study is a critical examination of the environmental disclosure practices and extent ... more The present study is a critical examination of the environmental disclosure practices and extent of disclosure of listed textile industries in Bangladesh. The study reveals that more than two-third (69%) of the sample companies addressed no environmental issues in their annual reports and on an average textile industries disclosed very poor information regarding environmental aspects where variation of disclosure among the industries is considerably high. The study recommends Government and other regulatory authorities taking necessary steps in compelling and motivating all textile companies in Bangladesh in addressing environmental issues in their annual report. Finally, the study expects playing important role in creating consciousness among the users and preparers in disclosing more environmental information in annual reports.
This study is an empirical investigation of the extent of environmental disclosure by selected li... more This study is an empirical investigation of the extent of environmental disclosure by selected listed companies in Bangladesh. This study also endeavors to report the association between company specific attributes and environmental disclosure of the sample companies. The study revealed that on an average sample companies disclosed 8.53 (15.23%) of the expected information in their annual reports and environmental disclosure volume and total asset of the companies are significantly correlated. The study opined that companies of Bangladesh are disclosing very inadequate environmental information in their annual reports. This study is expected to play an important role in creating consciousness among the users and preparers in disclosing more environmental information in annual reports.
Today is the age of globalization and business is considering as the leading global factor for so... more Today is the age of globalization and business is considering as the leading global factor for social and economic development. It is said that, Accounting is the language of business but it is another gigantic thought that Auditing is the side language of business. Audit is the vital factor to ensure the accountability of an organization, this paper events to explore audit on the perspective of Islam which further enables a practitioners and intended users to be self-confident and inspirational in using his or her acquired knowledge both in traditional system of auditing as well as Islamic perspective. The plot of the paper is as follows: In the first part we shall examine the development and approach of established auditing and point out some of its inadequacies from the Islamic point of view. In the last part, we shall state the role of auditing in the Islamic framework.
Accounting information is a part and parcel of today's life which is necessary to understand the ... more Accounting information is a part and parcel of today's life which is necessary to understand the accurate financial situation of the organization and used as the basis of making strategic decisions. Since strategic decisions have long-term effect on the business and therefore it is important to analyze accounting information for making long-term strategic decisions. The present study is an endeavor to evaluate the usage of accounting information by the decision makers in practices in strategic decision areas. Five strategic decision areas such as basic strategic decision, manufac-turing decision, human resource decision, long term investment decision and marketing decision were considered for the study. The results of the study prove that there is significant relationship between accounting information and strategic decisions and strategic decisions in all the selected areas significantly depend on accounting information and it is also observed from the analysis of the opinion of the respondents that 44.44% of the respondents always use accounting information in making strategic decision in manufacturing industries in Bangladesh.
Accounting and financial reports of the corporations are primarily prepared for the external user... more Accounting and financial reports of the corporations are primarily prepared for the external users of the information and therefore such reports should be designed, in form and content, according to the needs of the external users. Hence the perceptions of the users of accounting information regarding various aspects of the reports are to be assessed frequently to improve the quality of accounting information of the public limited companies. The present study is an attempt to justify the qualitative characteristics of accounting infor-mation of Islamic banks in Bangladesh on the basis of the opinion of the users of that information; to test whether there is any significant difference in opinion of them in this regard and to identify whether there is any problem of quality in accounting information provided by Islamic banks in Bangladesh.
Islamic banking companies in Bangladesh mandatorily required following different rules, regulatio... more Islamic banking companies in Bangladesh mandatorily required following different rules, regulations, ordinance, guidelines in accounting and reporting practices but AAOIFI standards are not mandatory for them.
The article measures the performance of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank (i.e. Return o... more The article measures the performance of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank (i.e. Return on Investment or ROI) against fixed lending rate of local conventional banks, foreign conventional banks and state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh for the period of 2007 until 2010. About 8050 observations were categorized into term loan provided to large, medium and small scale industries, working capital provided to large and small scale industries, export trade financing, housing loan, consumer credit, credit to Non-banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs) and other classes. This study is an attempt to find whether there are any differences of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank against fixed lending rate of local conventional banks, foreign conventional banks and state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh. Analyses reveal that the foreign commercial banks charged the highest rate on the borrowers during the selected periods.
gave us guidelines regarding all aspects of our life to deal successfully in this earth and to ge... more gave us guidelines regarding all aspects of our life to deal successfully in this earth and to get salvation in hereafter. Accounting is also an integral part of our life. This article gives us an introduction to Islamic Accounting and its contrast to Traditional Accounting. This article also identifies the basic features and objectives of Islamic Accounting, justifies the need for the development of a separate accounting system for the Islamic Organizations, and analyzes the traditional concepts of accounting in the Islamic point of view. The proposition of the article is that the role of accounting and accountants would be more accurate, effective, complete and fair if any firms and organizations follow Islamic accounting.
The present is a critical evaluation of the disclosure practices of the annual reports of Islamic... more The present is a critical evaluation of the disclosure practices of the annual reports of Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The study identified 144 disclosure factors required complying by the Islamic banks under traditional and Shari`ah regulations. These factors were classified into nine including Company Profile Items (7), Accounting Policy Items (12), Balance Sheet Items (Assets) (18), Balance Sheet Items (Liabilities) (15), Income Statement Items (Cr.) (9), Income Statement Items (Dr.)(11), Ratios, Statistics and other Details (18), Projections and Budgetary Disclosure (27) and finally Measurement and Valuation Method (27). The study found that on an average, Islamic banks complied the highest 94.28% in case of Company Profile Items and the lowest 38.57% in case of Projections and Budgetary Disclosure. The study suggested giving importance in all the segments of disclosure for quality reporting and disclosing maximum information in their annual report maintaining quality in all the areas as Islam always gives emphasis on full disclosure so that the users of their report can get their required information of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh.
– This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of the nature and extent of corporate social ... more – This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of the nature and extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in the annual report by banking companies in Bangladesh, identify the impact of regulatory change on CSR reporting and examine whether there is any relationship between the extent of CSR reporting and bank characteristics. CSR movement and CSR reporting practices by financial sector have gathered great momentum in recent years. Banking sector is in the leading position in discharging CSR reporting.
Human resources are one of the most important factors without which a business concern is impossi... more Human resources are one of the most important factors without which a business concern is impossible to conduct and it is a vital factor especially in cash of service oriented business. The present study aimed at exploring the human resource reporting practices in annual reports of banking sector of Bangladesh. The study used content analysis approach to determine the level of human resource disclosure in annual reports of the banking companies in Bangladesh. The study examined the effect of bank characteristics on human resource disclosure level the listed banking companies in Bangladesh. The result of the study shows that on an average banking companies disclose 59% of the expected human resource disclosure and thre is no significant relationship between bank characteristics and human resource disclosure.
Human resources are one of the most important factors without which a business concern is impossi... more Human resources are one of the most important factors without which a business concern is impossible to conduct and it is a vital factor especially in case of service oriented business. The present study aimed at exploring the human resource reporting practices in annual reports of banking sector of Bangladesh. The study used content analysis approach to determine the level of human resource disclosure in annual reports of the banking companies in Bangladesh. The study examined the effect of bank characteristics on human resource disclosure level the listed banking companies in Bangladesh. The result of the study shows that on an average banking companies disclose 59% of the expected human resource disclosure and there is no significant relationship between bank characteristics and human resource disclosure.
This paper is an endeavor to depict the conditions of the female workers from two perspectives. O... more This paper is an endeavor to depict the conditions of the female workers from two perspectives. One is social perspective and the other is economic perspective. The analysis is based on the survey of 151 female workers of 29 garment industrial units located in different parts of Chittagong Metropolitan area. This study suggests that the standard of living of the female garment workers is still in precarious condition and they are not free from the vicious circle of poverty and face extreme difficulties in obtaining their basic needs for survival even. This paper recommends measures for improving the prevailing socio-economic facilities, to a great extent, to achieve female workers' satisfaction at the maximum level.
Bangladesh and to evaluate the opportunities and challenges that they are facing in the same. The... more Bangladesh and to evaluate the opportunities and challenges that they are facing in the same. The article concludes providing some suggestions to the regulatory bodies for improving the investment opportunities of the female investors in the capital markets.
The article measures the performance of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank (i.e. Return o... more The article measures the performance of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank (i.e. Return on Investment or ROI) against fixed lending rate of local conventional banks, foreign conventional banks and state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh for the period of 2007 until 2010. About 8050 observations were categorized into term loan provided to large, medium and small scale industries, working capital provided to large and small scale industries, export trade financing, housing loan, consumer credit, credit to Non-banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs) and other classes. This study is an attempt to find whether there are any differences of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank against fixed lending rate of local conventional banks, foreign conventional banks and state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh. Analyses reveal that the foreign commercial banks charged the highest rate on the borrowers during the selected periods.
Human Resource (HR) disclosure in Textile companies in a developing country with abundance of hum... more Human Resource (HR) disclosure in Textile companies in a developing country with abundance of human resources like Bangladesh is a new flavor in social accounting literature. The study is an investigation of HR disclosure practices and its relationship with the company specific attributes of all 29 listed Textile companies in Bangladesh. The study considered 81 human resource items under eight different classes which are expected to be disclosed in the annual report. The study found that though some graphs, charts and pictures were used for HR disclosure but most of the information was disclosed in narrative form. Sample companies on an average disclosed about 50% and about 60% companies disclosed less than 50% of the expected HR items and HR disclosure is significantly related with the size of the companies measured by gross revenue. The study expects that textile companies would disclose more HR information in future to attract more promising employees.
Shari`ah compliance is regarded as the foundation of the Islamic banking. Though Islamic banks gi... more Shari`ah compliance is regarded as the foundation of the Islamic banking. Though Islamic banks give priority on Shari`ah compliance, a number of factors hinder Shari`ah compliance. Shari`ah knowledge, efforts and seriousness of the bank authorities and bank employees are the pre-requisites for complying Shari`ah appropriately. But it is observed that there are lack of Shari`ah knowledge, efforts and seriousness among bank authorities and bank employees. The present study demonstrates the importance of Shari`ah compliance in general and particularly in Islamic banking to make them aware and serious in complying Shari`ah. The reasons for Shari`ah compliance are divided into six, such as: Shari`ah compliance for better life in the earth, Shari`ah compliance for saving life, property and honor, Shari`ah compliance for better life after death, Shari`ah compliance for salvation from punishment in the earth, Shari`ah compliance for salvation from punishment after death and Needs for Shari`ah compliance in Islamic banking. The paper also direct the way how Shari`ah compliance is being carried out at the organizational level.
Ethical business attempts to establish justice to all of its stakeholders by satisfying their eth... more Ethical business attempts to establish justice to all of its stakeholders by satisfying their ethical desires. But lack of ethical desires of the stakeholders is a major hindrance to developing an ethical business. In a larger-scale-enterprise, owner, management, and accountant play vital role in initiating, establishing, and ensuring ethical guidelines for all of its stakeholders. In the way to ethical business development, one or two of these three parties are not able to ensure justice independently rather needs a mutual cooperation.
The present study is a critical examination of the environmental disclosure practices and extent ... more The present study is a critical examination of the environmental disclosure practices and extent of disclosure of listed textile industries in Bangladesh. The study reveals that more than two-third (69%) of the sample companies addressed no environmental issues in their annual reports and on an average textile industries disclosed very poor information regarding environmental aspects where variation of disclosure among the industries is considerably high. The study recommends Government and other regulatory authorities taking necessary steps in compelling and motivating all textile companies in Bangladesh in addressing environmental issues in their annual report. Finally, the study expects playing important role in creating consciousness among the users and preparers in disclosing more environmental information in annual reports.
This study is an empirical investigation of the extent of environmental disclosure by selected li... more This study is an empirical investigation of the extent of environmental disclosure by selected listed companies in Bangladesh. This study also endeavors to report the association between company specific attributes and environmental disclosure of the sample companies. The study revealed that on an average sample companies disclosed 8.53 (15.23%) of the expected information in their annual reports and environmental disclosure volume and total asset of the companies are significantly correlated. The study opined that companies of Bangladesh are disclosing very inadequate environmental information in their annual reports. This study is expected to play an important role in creating consciousness among the users and preparers in disclosing more environmental information in annual reports.
Today is the age of globalization and business is considering as the leading global factor for so... more Today is the age of globalization and business is considering as the leading global factor for social and economic development. It is said that, Accounting is the language of business but it is another gigantic thought that Auditing is the side language of business. Audit is the vital factor to ensure the accountability of an organization, this paper events to explore audit on the perspective of Islam which further enables a practitioners and intended users to be self-confident and inspirational in using his or her acquired knowledge both in traditional system of auditing as well as Islamic perspective. The plot of the paper is as follows: In the first part we shall examine the development and approach of established auditing and point out some of its inadequacies from the Islamic point of view. In the last part, we shall state the role of auditing in the Islamic framework.
Accounting information is a part and parcel of today's life which is necessary to understand the ... more Accounting information is a part and parcel of today's life which is necessary to understand the accurate financial situation of the organization and used as the basis of making strategic decisions. Since strategic decisions have long-term effect on the business and therefore it is important to analyze accounting information for making long-term strategic decisions. The present study is an endeavor to evaluate the usage of accounting information by the decision makers in practices in strategic decision areas. Five strategic decision areas such as basic strategic decision, manufac-turing decision, human resource decision, long term investment decision and marketing decision were considered for the study. The results of the study prove that there is significant relationship between accounting information and strategic decisions and strategic decisions in all the selected areas significantly depend on accounting information and it is also observed from the analysis of the opinion of the respondents that 44.44% of the respondents always use accounting information in making strategic decision in manufacturing industries in Bangladesh.
Accounting and financial reports of the corporations are primarily prepared for the external user... more Accounting and financial reports of the corporations are primarily prepared for the external users of the information and therefore such reports should be designed, in form and content, according to the needs of the external users. Hence the perceptions of the users of accounting information regarding various aspects of the reports are to be assessed frequently to improve the quality of accounting information of the public limited companies. The present study is an attempt to justify the qualitative characteristics of accounting infor-mation of Islamic banks in Bangladesh on the basis of the opinion of the users of that information; to test whether there is any significant difference in opinion of them in this regard and to identify whether there is any problem of quality in accounting information provided by Islamic banks in Bangladesh.
Islamic banking companies in Bangladesh mandatorily required following different rules, regulatio... more Islamic banking companies in Bangladesh mandatorily required following different rules, regulations, ordinance, guidelines in accounting and reporting practices but AAOIFI standards are not mandatory for them.
The article measures the performance of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank (i.e. Return o... more The article measures the performance of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank (i.e. Return on Investment or ROI) against fixed lending rate of local conventional banks, foreign conventional banks and state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh for the period of 2007 until 2010. About 8050 observations were categorized into term loan provided to large, medium and small scale industries, working capital provided to large and small scale industries, export trade financing, housing loan, consumer credit, credit to Non-banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs) and other classes. This study is an attempt to find whether there are any differences of profit rate on investments of Islamic Bank against fixed lending rate of local conventional banks, foreign conventional banks and state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh. Analyses reveal that the foreign commercial banks charged the highest rate on the borrowers during the selected periods.
gave us guidelines regarding all aspects of our life to deal successfully in this earth and to ge... more gave us guidelines regarding all aspects of our life to deal successfully in this earth and to get salvation in hereafter. Accounting is also an integral part of our life. This article gives us an introduction to Islamic Accounting and its contrast to Traditional Accounting. This article also identifies the basic features and objectives of Islamic Accounting, justifies the need for the development of a separate accounting system for the Islamic Organizations, and analyzes the traditional concepts of accounting in the Islamic point of view. The proposition of the article is that the role of accounting and accountants would be more accurate, effective, complete and fair if any firms and organizations follow Islamic accounting.
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Papers by Hafij Ullah
identified 144 disclosure factors required complying by the Islamic banks under traditional and Shari`ah regulations. These
factors were classified into nine including Company Profile Items (7), Accounting Policy Items (12), Balance Sheet Items (Assets) (18), Balance Sheet Items (Liabilities) (15), Income Statement Items (Cr.) (9), Income Statement Items (Dr.)(11), Ratios, Statistics and other Details (18), Projections and Budgetary Disclosure (27) and finally Measurement and Valuation Method (27). The study found that on an average, Islamic banks complied the highest 94.28% in case of Company Profile Items and the lowest 38.57% in case of Projections and Budgetary Disclosure. The study suggested giving importance in all the segments of disclosure for quality reporting and disclosing maximum information in their annual report maintaining quality in all the areas as Islam always gives emphasis on full disclosure so that the users of their report can get their required information of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh.
identified 144 disclosure factors required complying by the Islamic banks under traditional and Shari`ah regulations. These
factors were classified into nine including Company Profile Items (7), Accounting Policy Items (12), Balance Sheet Items (Assets) (18), Balance Sheet Items (Liabilities) (15), Income Statement Items (Cr.) (9), Income Statement Items (Dr.)(11), Ratios, Statistics and other Details (18), Projections and Budgetary Disclosure (27) and finally Measurement and Valuation Method (27). The study found that on an average, Islamic banks complied the highest 94.28% in case of Company Profile Items and the lowest 38.57% in case of Projections and Budgetary Disclosure. The study suggested giving importance in all the segments of disclosure for quality reporting and disclosing maximum information in their annual report maintaining quality in all the areas as Islam always gives emphasis on full disclosure so that the users of their report can get their required information of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh.