Publications by Lenore Page
Papers by Lenore Page
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 2014
The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and the Engineer of 2020, an engine... more The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and the Engineer of 2020, an engineering education initiative, have recommended that engineering students be provided with opportunities to participate in real-world projects in order to supply them with the skills they will need in the workplace. Service learning is a pedagogical approach where students apply skills they learn in a classroom to a real-world problem identified by a community organization. In 2009, a service learning project was introduced in an undergraduate Ergonomics Industrial Engineering course composed of engineering and non-engineering students at Montana State University (MSU). Its integration and development in the existing course required creating a detailed project description and finding a partner organization. Students worked with clients or staff at the partner organization in order to develop ergonomic solutions for workplace health and safety issues and manufacturing productivity. At the end-of-semester presentations, the community partners, instructor and other students assessed each solution's effectiveness. These assessments found that students, compared to the partner's feedback, undervalued their prototypes with regard to how they improved worker and process efficiency, and they overvalued their solution's creativity, cost and implementation feasibility. In addition, the service learning course's technical and professional skills ranked above the average ABET course outcomes of MSU's Industrial Engineering fall courses. This demonstrates how the service learning project and the intended goals from ABET and Engineer 2020 come together-service learning exposes students to real-world situations that better prepare and inform them of the skills that will be needed after graduation.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 2014
Human factors research in transportation safety has not clearly demonstrated how experimental beh... more Human factors research in transportation safety has not clearly demonstrated how experimental behaviors are related to public driving behaviors. The appropriateness of determining external validity measures has been debated, and it is known that external validity is not a necessary component in research if those findings do not need to transfer outside of that context; however, results in the transportation safety community are frequently generalized, if improperly, to a stated risk in public driving situations. Few studies have validated driving behavior between experimental and non-experimental (observed behavior in public) settings. Proposed is an empirical method to establish a baseline of non-experimental driving behaviors to compare with experimental driving behaviors. This method involves video recording public driving behaviors during the same time interval that data collection occurs in the real world (instrumented vehicle) and virtual world (driving simulator). These video...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 2014
ABSTRACT Data lost or misconstrued due to malfunctioning research equipment affects accuracy, res... more ABSTRACT Data lost or misconstrued due to malfunctioning research equipment affects accuracy, results and analyses that driving researchers report. Carefully studying the data collection system with an Abstraction Hierarchy gathers necessary information about the equipment location and capabilities which can highlight issues in the collected data where completeness and quality are lacking. Use of this structured method to describe the instrumented research vehicle information system is a new application; however, Abstraction Hierarchy has been used in complex systems such as power, chemical and nuclear industries in order to improve the reliability of the human-machine interfaces. In this application, the Abstraction Hierarchy identified potential operating temperature issues affecting the quality of the data, provided avenues to clearly define how behavioral variables were measured, equated input and output sampling rates to show potential problems in the system and used similar variables to cross-check the consistency of the data. This is the first step in developing a structured approach to verifying data quality.
2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2010
Abstract - Service learning in the classroom has been shown to provide great benefit to students ... more Abstract - Service learning in the classroom has been shown to provide great benefit to students and their communities. During the fall of 2009, a national design competition for the disabled was integrated as a service learning term project in Montana State University's Industrial ...
PsycEXTRA Dataset
ABSTRACT Massage Therapists (MT) are almost exclusively self-employed and lose income if they are... more ABSTRACT Massage Therapists (MT) are almost exclusively self-employed and lose income if they are unable to perform massage treatments. This study investigated MT workplace pain via survey and assessed musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risk by video recording MT massage treatments then calculating the Strain Index (SI) scores. First, randomly contacted MTs (16 respondents of 100 cold calls) completed an online survey about their work practices. Despite 87% of MTs reporting self care regimes, 83% reported workrelated pain in the wrist or thumb over their careers with 57% experiencing pain in the last 30 days. SI scores were calculated for a 60 minute, naturalistic massage performed by seven licensed MTs (six female and one male reflecting the MT population sex proportions). There was suggestive evidence that the average and maximum hands-on day mean peak right hand SI scores (M = 5.6 and 7.7, SD = 4.30 and 5.73, and p = 0.08 and 0.04, respectively) were greater than an SI of 3.0 (moderate risk for MSD). There was no evidence of MSD risk for the left hand (M = 3.2 and 4.3, SD = 2.93 and 3.91, and p = 0.42 and 0.20, respectively). MTs may be at moderate risk of incurring work-related upper extremity disorders.
In transportation safety the term ecological validity is used to describe or establish the valida... more In transportation safety the term ecological validity is used to describe or establish the validation of research equipment. A review of driving literature produced varying definitions of ecological validity. It lacks definition. Some researchers use ecological validity to refer to the reliability of a cue to be a predictor of behavior. Others use ecological validity to relate the degree that a unit of analysis is defined in real life by people or natural features. Similar, but a slightly different definition is the extent to which an experimental situation matches real life. Ecological validity has also been described in terms of outcomes. Ecological validity has also related the extent to which a task resembles the demands of everyday life. In summary, the variety of definitions suggests that ecological validity is the experiment’s physical setting, task, specific cues, or perceived context. Those definitions are effectively aspects of face validity, content validity, discriminant...
Table S1. Summary of characteristics of the Abbott i-STAT® and Alere epoc®. Figure S1. Results fo... more Table S1. Summary of characteristics of the Abbott i-STAT® and Alere epoc®. Figure S1. Results for sodium from i-STAT and epoc compared to gold standard ('Lab' – Calgary Lab Services), and between i-STAT and epoc. All results reported in mmol/L. Figure S2. Results for potassium from i-STAT and epoc compared to gold standard ('Lab' – Calgary Lab Services), and between i-STAT and epoc. All results reported in mmol/L. Figure S3. Results for chloride from i-STAT and epoc compared to gold standard ('Lab' – Calgary Lab Services), and between i-STAT and epoc. All results reported in mmol/L. Figure S4. Results for creatinine from i-STAT and epoc compared to gold standard ('Lab' – Calgary Lab Services), and between i-STAT and epoc. All results reported in umol/L. Figure S5. Results for hematocrit from i-STAT and epoc compared to gold standard ('Lab' – Calgary Lab Services), and between i-STAT and epoc. All results reported in %. Figure S6. Results for ...
“Safety culture” as a term has a long history in organizations where safe operations are critical... more “Safety culture” as a term has a long history in organizations where safe operations are critical, such as nuclear power plants, commercial aviation, and healthcare. In transportation, the culture fostered within agencies responsible for traffic safety can have an impact on the types of policies and strategies that are prioritized, funded, and implemented. However, there are currently now instruments that are designed to measure safety culture within transportation agencies. This paper reports on a preliminary attempt to assess the qualities of a new survey of agency safety culture.
BMC Emergency Medicine
Background: Community Paramedics (CPs) require access to timely blood analysis in the field to gu... more Background: Community Paramedics (CPs) require access to timely blood analysis in the field to guide treatment and transport decisions. Point of care testing (POCT), as opposed to laboratory analysis, may offer a solution, but limited research exists on CP POCT. The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of two devices (Abbott i-STAT® and Alere epoc®) by CPs in the community. Methods: In a CP programme responding to 6000 annual patient care events, a split sample validation of POCT against traditional laboratory analysis for seven analytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and glucose) was conducted on a consecutive sample of patients. The difference of proportion of discrepant results between POCT and laboratory was compared using a two sample proportion test. Usability was analysed by survey of CP experience, a linear mixed effects model of Systems Usability Scale (SUS) adjusted for CP clinical and POCT experience, an expert heuristic evaluation of devices, a review of device-logged errors, and coded observations of POCT use during quality control testing. Results: Of 1649 episodes of care screened for enrollment, 174 required a blood draw, with 108 episodes (62.1%) enrolled from 73 participants. Participants had a mean age of 58.7 years (SD16.3); 49% were female. In 4 of 646 (0. 6%) comparisons, POCT reported a critical value but the laboratory did not; with no statistically significant (p = 0. 323) difference between i-STAT® (0.9%;95%CI:0.0,1.9%) compared with epoc® (0.3%;95%CI:0.0,0.9%). There were no instances of the laboratory reporting a critical value when POCT did not. In 88 of 1046 (8.4%) comparisons the a priori defined acceptable difference between POCT and the laboratory was exceeded; occurring more often in epoc® (10.7%;95%CI:8.1,13.3%) compared with i-STAT® (6.1%;95%CI:4.1,8.2%)(p = 0.007). Eighteen of 19 CP surveys were returned, with 11/18 (61.1%) preferring i-STAT® over epoc®. The i-STAT® had a higher mean SUS score (higher usability) compared with epoc® (84.0/100 vs. 59.6/100; p = 0.011). There were no statistically significant differences in device logged errors between i-STAT® and epoc® (p = 0.063). Conclusions: CP programmes can expect clinically valid results from POCT. Device usability assessments should be considered with any local implementation as the two POCT systems have different strengths.
2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2010
Service learning in the classroom has been shown to provide great benefit to students and their c... more Service learning in the classroom has been shown to provide great benefit to students and their communities. During the fall of 2009, a national design competition for the disabled was integrated as a service learning term project in Montana State University's Industrial Engineering Department course entitled "Ergonomics and Safety Engineering I." This project provided students with hands-on experience in applying both their hard and soft skills (based upon the ABET a-k outcomes) in designing for special populations. Students used the concepts learned throughout the course in order to develop an assistive device that would empower people with disabilities to overcome barriers to employment. Each student group was assigned a person with a disability and a vocational aid. The students designed assistive devices that enabled the workers to perform their jobs with greater ease and efficiency and in some cases with complete independence. In order to encourage a more widespread adoption of service learning within engineering, this paper provides one application of a service learning project that can be applied across a variety of engineering domains.
The Bozeman Deaconess Cancer Center provides infusion services to a large sector of the state of ... more The Bozeman Deaconess Cancer Center provides infusion services to a large sector of the state of Montana. The center currently treats all types of cancer. The center’s operations include a laboratory, a station used to check the patients’ vital signs, consultations with the doctors, a pharmacy, and the infusion chairs. However, not all patients require all these services. For example, some patients require a vital sign check and then proceed to the infusion chair, whereas other patients show up only for a follow-up consult with a doctor. Additionally, some therapies depend on test results which are typically performed the day of the treatment. This paper presents the methodology for simulating a complex system such as the Cancer Center. The simulation was developed with the use of ARENA® software, which focused on patient flow through the system. The results were validated through comparison to the historical average number of patients treated per day. The methodology helped simplif...
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Publications by Lenore Page
Papers by Lenore Page