Papers by Dr. Subrata Jana
The variation of land surface temperature (LST) in the urban area is depending on the land use an... more The variation of land surface temperature (LST) in the urban area is depending on the land use and land cover (LULC) pattern. In a recent period, the changing LULC pattern is creating a harsh impact on the urban environment by increasing temperature with the built-up area development. The contradictory pattern of LST has been observed in the built-up and vegetation-covered surfaces within an urban area. The urban morphology is also an important determinant of LST variation. The purpose of the present investigation is to find out the relationships between LST patterns and land use diversity of Contai municipality area. The LULC pattern and LST have been estimated based on the Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) satellite data of 2018. The resultant data sets have been further correlated to estimate the impact of escalating built-up areas and vegetation cover on LST variation. The correlation shows that with the increasing built-up density the LST has been increasing (0.11), whereas, it is reverse with the vegetation density (-0.13). The municipality town of Contai should maintain buffer areas of vegetation cover surface to reduce or to stabilize the increasing LST pattern at present.
The scarcity of freshwater is escalating higher than the predicted level in India alongside the o... more The scarcity of freshwater is escalating higher than the predicted level in India alongside the other countries in the world. The surface, subsurface and groundwater resources are gradually reducing in quantity and quality concern. The states and union territories of the western, southern and central India are already severely suffering from the scarcity of freshwater. Rate of groundwater extraction accelerated after the implementation of the green revolution and urban-industrial development. The river's natural flow has been diverted and protected for socioeconomic development. Therefore, the lower riparian states are deadly affected by ecological and hydro-geomorphological perspectives. The fisheries have been widely adopted in those areas as an alternative to traditional crop cultivation, which extract more groundwater for freshwater supply and enhance the rate of groundwater depletion. Moreover, the rainwater recharge into the soil layer as well as in the groundwater table has been gradually reducing due to concretized urban infrastructural development. The surface runoff becomes accelerated, enhancing the soil erosion rate. In India, about 75% of total water bodies have been polluted from domestic wastes. Besides, about 80% of rural people are compelled to use unsafe water, which resulted in the death of more than 700 children per year from diarrhoea. In this situation, India achieves the third place in the world in terms of water export. In such juxtaposition condition, about 60% and 85% of irrigation water and drinking water supply came from the groundwater, respectively. Recently, over 60% of tube wells are malfunctioning due to excessive rate of groundwater depletion. The su ffering of the people is tremendously increasing concerning the availability of drinking water and irrigation water. People are extracting groundwater from the far depth to overcome the crop failure and drinking water problem. But, the severity of water scarcity becomes enhancing year after year in conjunction with global warming and climate change. In this concern, the government has taken different water scarcity preventive measures in individual household level to the regional level. Now, the main motto is to execute the 3-R concept (recycle, reuse and recharge) in association with the other various techniques of water storage (like
The southwestern part of the Bengal Basin has been evolved through the continuous sediment deposi... more The southwestern part of the Bengal Basin has been evolved through the continuous sediment deposited by the river Hugli along with the other tributaries drained from Chotanagpur plateau areas. The present study areas of the Subarnarekha delta region and the middle-lower course have also formed over the shelf region of the Bengal Basin. The history of the sedimentation in relation to the changing nature of sea level, upliftment of land and the neotectonic events are the main processes in the morphological development of the delta. The total study area has been described as Laterite Upland (LU), Older Delta Plain (ODP), Younger Delta Plain (YDP) and Recent Delta Plain (RDP) on the basis of their origin and material types. The role of Holocene transgression and the concomitant fluctuation of sea level had made a distinct morphological impact over the landforms. The geophysical study over the Bengal Basin, Bouguer Gravity Anomaly, Basement depth, recent satellite images, Google Earth image, field observations on a regular basis have been considered for this study. The paper depicts that the delta development processes were active throughout the geological history of the evolution of the Bengal Basin along with the sea level change and neotectonic effects that occurred in the region and their adjustment with the sedimentation in different morphometric units of landform in this area.
Nearly entire middle-lower and deltaic courses and adjacent floodplains of any river are formed t... more Nearly entire middle-lower and deltaic courses and adjacent floodplains of any river are formed through the interaction of fluvial, marine and coastal processes over the geological past and landforms are modifying by the process of pedogenesis. Each and every process put their imprints over landforms during formation and modifications of particular landform. In the present study area, the Subarnarekha river is also passing through those processes in the different periods of the evolutionary events with their differential intensities. Various sedimentary structure, depositional environment, and morphological features are evaluated through the terrain analysis of different elevation
levels along the basin. Environmental facies analysis of various litholog reveals the dominance processes of fluvial, marine, tidal and coastal environments during the formation of different landforms. All the study area is identified as ancient fluvial terraces, ancient fluvio-marine terraces, modern tidal terraces and modern marine terraces with their
distinct morphological features of the present work.
Mangroves are most opportunistic plant to find out the favorable environment for adjustment with ... more Mangroves are most opportunistic plant to find out the favorable environment for adjustment with changing natural conditions of the coastal processes over time and space. The salt loving halophytic plants of intertidal environment are also known as a perfect biological indicator of coastal environmental changes. They act as natural buffer or bio-shield against the wind breaks, tidal waves and coastal erosion. Surface stability of younger deltaic sediments is achieved in the Sundarban coast due to the location and luxuriant growth of mangroves. Presently, Sundarban mangroves are affected by multiple ways of degradations that will produce the significant risks or vulnerabilities to the deltaic coasts occupied by land hungry people of South-Asia.
The present study reveals with an attempt to prepare a checklist for the assessment of mangrove degradations with special reference to south west Sundarban coast. The significance of mangrove conservation will be strongly supported by such degradation check lists for the coastal managers. The present work is conducted by extensive field works over a prolonged period, use of professional experiences of the authors, and application of Geospatial Techniques for database generation and management to achieve the purposes. However, factor analysis
(PCA) method is also utilized to justify the ideal sequential factors those are responsible for mangrove degradations for each study area of the islands as per their regional location characters.
So far as, seven major factors and their total 56 sub-factors of mangrove degradations have been identified in southwestern parts of the Sundarban from the temporal field observations, remote sensing studies and explored historical documents in the study areas. From the present study it is revealed that hypersalinity, storm effects and sediment deposition parameters are mainly responsible for mangrove degradations in Patibania Island (Susnir Char); and for the Fredrick Island fishery development, land erosion and hypersalinity parameters are liable to mangrove degradations; and finally, fishery development, sediment deposition and land erosion parameters are sequentially responsible for mangrove degradations in Henry’s Island.
Shoreline erosion and coastal flooding are resulted from the reduction of tidal prism and associa... more Shoreline erosion and coastal flooding are resulted from the reduction of tidal prism and associated chain effects, as hydraulic adjustment of rising water level, wetland restoration system in the nature and increasing risk hazards. Thus, the existing defense structures are unable to protect the shorelines and low-lying areas from erosion and flooding related problems in Sagar Island at present. Public properties and various assets of individual people with coastal land and associated natural mangrove habitats are lost from the shore front positions due to severe erosion and repeated salt water flooding in the above mentioned villages of Sagar Island. The present paper deals with such erosion and flooding related problems of the coast and appropriate proposal for sustainable defence measures with mangrove ecotourism development for the deltaic island.
Fluvial hydro-geomorphology and sedimentological features of any riverine tract is significantly ... more Fluvial hydro-geomorphology and sedimentological features of any riverine tract is significantly influenced by flood regime in the tropical monsoon dominated environment. The fluvial geomorphology, sedimentology and sub-surface water potentiality are the significant issues to understand the temporal fluvial dynamism in any channel section. Both the macro and micro geomorphological landforms are identified and measured with their some sedimentological variation in this study. Significant micro landforms features like sand splay, mid-stream bar, various depositional surfaces, ripple marks, braided channels are measured with quantitative aspects. Those landforms are very much associated with river gradient, flood energy conditions in the study area. The sub-surface litho logical sediment structures dominated with sand size sediment about >97% except top portion of the lithologs that influenced on about 887.519×10-5 m3/day water yield potentiality is estimated in this present work. Through remote sensing image analysis, it is clear that the critical pattern of braided channel, positions of ripple marks with their necessary geometric measurements. The geomorphic features are positively related with the flood regime. The sub-surface water is very potential condition in respect to extraction for drinking water supply purpose in the surrounding areas.
Rivers not only represent a vital resource for human activity but they are central to an understa... more Rivers not only represent a vital resource for human activity but they are central to an understanding of geomorphology of most regions. A section of the river Subarnarekha (near Gopiballavpur) is considered for the study on bed and bank morphology associated with patterns of process and channel adjustment. The process-based study of alluvial channel has emphasized an alternative and smaller time and space scale for understanding alluvial channel dynamics. The sand-bed of river tract is complicated by the effects of significantly changing bed forms. However, the gravel bed of the river is lying below the depth of 1 meter from the top of the point bar sand bed which is often not mobile until discharges approach bank-full stage. The bank morphology reveals flood signatures of past events. The depositional activity of over bank flow on the floodplain is very different among the riverine system. The class of extreme events determines channel capacity, affecting channel pattern and more frequent events, although at times widely separated in time, controlled bed load movement and bed form adjustment. Variation of grain size is recorded from the outer bank to inner bank at the meandered section of Subarnarekha. Sand splays are significant feature on the over bank deposits particularly at the section of meandered banks. Bank margin cliffs are found on the older depositional bars at the curvature of the channel. All these modification of channel floor and channel bank are product of bank full discharge in the occurrences of floods. Repeated field survey, sediment grain size analysis, measurement of geomorphic features, satellite image analysis and analysis of discharge data reveal the above features of dynamic alluvial channel.
The barrier-inlet system along the shoreline of Subarnarekha deltaic coast of Odisha state has mo... more The barrier-inlet system along the shoreline of Subarnarekha deltaic coast of Odisha state has most diverse morphologies of any barrier system in Indian coast. The delicate adjustment between wave and tide generated processes on the moderate energy coast allows only slight to moderate changes in either of these processes to result in significant and dynamically developing morphologic responses. Some of the natural phenomena such as cyclones induced opening of tidal inlets across the barrier spits, closure of inlets due to longshore transport of sediment, and changes in sediment input into the coastal zones are the result of responses produced by the interaction of energy levels and availability of materials in the coast. Tidal basin behind the barrier spits of Subarnarekha delta plays a significant role in controlling inlet morphology as well as tidal prisms. The various modifications by development have resulted in important morphodynamic changes in the barrier inlet system. These include the fishery ponds, fishing harbours in the basin, hardening of the coast along the banks of inlets by engineering structures, and construction of earthen embankments along the basin fringe areas. Such activities have inhibited normal coastal processes in the region. Severe erosion of barrier spits at the southwest corner adjacent to the inlet mouth, and cliffing of the barrier based beach ridge-dune complex on the seafront areas are examples of instability in the system. Impacts of above activities and basin filling by sediments with associated change in energy levels inhibit the environment of barrier spits and tidal inlets of Subarnarekha delta from responding to open coast processes of the Bay of Bengal at present.
The cropland mapping of the Chilika watershed is prepared using multispectral and hyperspectral r... more The cropland mapping of the Chilika watershed is prepared using multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing
techniques. Temporal data of multispectral Landsat images for the period of 11 year (2005 to 2015) are utilized for the
analysis of cropping intensity of different seasons. The seasonal cropping patterns with their spatial variations are
recorded by this method to identify the agricultural land uses of different seasons in and around the lake margin
landscapes. The Chilika watershed area covers about 5240 Sq. Km. This watershed is situated at the western part of
Mahanadi delta and agriculture production depends on various environmental factors. Accumulation of deltaic fertile
soil, favorable weather condition and availability of water controls the agriculture and the amount of production.
Crops are of mainly two types, Kharif and Rabi crop are cultivated in the study area. Multi-temporal indices based
feature extraction of multispectral image approach and Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification of hyperspectral
image approach is followed to map the cropland. Accuracy checking by using field visit and at remote area with the
help of pan sharpen high spatial resolution Quick Bird standard false color image. Both methods are quite useful to
discriminate croplands from other land cover types.
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is very important thing to understand terrestrial thermal behavior... more Land Surface Temperature (LST) is very important thing to understand terrestrial thermal behavior, the regional environmental change, and land atmosphere energy balance of a specific geographic area. Landsat Thematic Mapper Thermal Band has high spatial resolution, for this it has significant potency for many applications related to Land Surface Temperature. The rate of evapo-transpiration, rainfall distribution, rate of geomorphic change and distribution of biotic community is directly influenced by land surface temperature. The Chilika lagoon watershed has a unique setup of bare land, Vegetated land and water. Vegetated land and Water cover ratio is 24:62:14 significantly controlling the Distribution of LST of this Lake Watershed. Various land composition reply various response at LST. Using various software and method to build a Basic model, Land Surface Temperature is extracted from the Landsat Thematic Mapper Image. Then the land surface temperatures are compared with in situ Measurements of field survey. Then the result compare with various results of remote sensed data. Land surface temperature image also compared with various terrain types.
The coastal lagoon 'Chilika' along the Bay of Bengal shore (Odisha state, India) support a produc... more The coastal lagoon 'Chilika' along the Bay of Bengal shore (Odisha state, India) support a productive wetland ecosystem that influences the livelihood of local people by providing large scale fishing activity within the lagoon water body, pasturing in the lagoon fringe marshes by rearing livestock and promoting ecotourism in the islands and spits of the lagoon system using nature as magnet of attractions. The lagoon is shore parallel elongated water body enclosed with barrier spits and narrow tidal entrances, and extended in between Mahanadi deltaic dis-tributary channels to the north east and Rishikulya River to the southwest. The average water spread area of Chilika is 1,165 km 2 during rainy season and gradually it shrinkages to 906 km 2 during summer months with average depth ranges from 1.70 to 3.70 m. Physiographically, the lagoon habitats are categorized as (i) Daya-Bhargavi deltaic flats with extensive fresh water wetlands, (ii) brackish water marshes and tidal flats, (iii) islands with marshes and transition vegetation, (iv) islands with mangrove swamps, (v) fresh water weeds of lagoon fringes, (vi) sand spits and dunes, (vii) and lagoon water bodies. All these habitats are showing significant variations related to geological, sed-imentological, hydrological, climatic and ecological factors. Northeastern parts of the lagoon water body have been swallowed by deltaic sedimentation; barrier back shores, islands and other lagoon fringes have shrunk as the result of bordering accretion and encroachment of marshes, weeds and swamps; however, southwestern parts of the lagoon are narrowed, and in some places near-segmented by growth of spits and coalescence of headlands and islands. Opening of tidal inlets have been
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Papers by Dr. Subrata Jana
levels along the basin. Environmental facies analysis of various litholog reveals the dominance processes of fluvial, marine, tidal and coastal environments during the formation of different landforms. All the study area is identified as ancient fluvial terraces, ancient fluvio-marine terraces, modern tidal terraces and modern marine terraces with their
distinct morphological features of the present work.
The present study reveals with an attempt to prepare a checklist for the assessment of mangrove degradations with special reference to south west Sundarban coast. The significance of mangrove conservation will be strongly supported by such degradation check lists for the coastal managers. The present work is conducted by extensive field works over a prolonged period, use of professional experiences of the authors, and application of Geospatial Techniques for database generation and management to achieve the purposes. However, factor analysis
(PCA) method is also utilized to justify the ideal sequential factors those are responsible for mangrove degradations for each study area of the islands as per their regional location characters.
So far as, seven major factors and their total 56 sub-factors of mangrove degradations have been identified in southwestern parts of the Sundarban from the temporal field observations, remote sensing studies and explored historical documents in the study areas. From the present study it is revealed that hypersalinity, storm effects and sediment deposition parameters are mainly responsible for mangrove degradations in Patibania Island (Susnir Char); and for the Fredrick Island fishery development, land erosion and hypersalinity parameters are liable to mangrove degradations; and finally, fishery development, sediment deposition and land erosion parameters are sequentially responsible for mangrove degradations in Henry’s Island.
techniques. Temporal data of multispectral Landsat images for the period of 11 year (2005 to 2015) are utilized for the
analysis of cropping intensity of different seasons. The seasonal cropping patterns with their spatial variations are
recorded by this method to identify the agricultural land uses of different seasons in and around the lake margin
landscapes. The Chilika watershed area covers about 5240 Sq. Km. This watershed is situated at the western part of
Mahanadi delta and agriculture production depends on various environmental factors. Accumulation of deltaic fertile
soil, favorable weather condition and availability of water controls the agriculture and the amount of production.
Crops are of mainly two types, Kharif and Rabi crop are cultivated in the study area. Multi-temporal indices based
feature extraction of multispectral image approach and Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification of hyperspectral
image approach is followed to map the cropland. Accuracy checking by using field visit and at remote area with the
help of pan sharpen high spatial resolution Quick Bird standard false color image. Both methods are quite useful to
discriminate croplands from other land cover types.
levels along the basin. Environmental facies analysis of various litholog reveals the dominance processes of fluvial, marine, tidal and coastal environments during the formation of different landforms. All the study area is identified as ancient fluvial terraces, ancient fluvio-marine terraces, modern tidal terraces and modern marine terraces with their
distinct morphological features of the present work.
The present study reveals with an attempt to prepare a checklist for the assessment of mangrove degradations with special reference to south west Sundarban coast. The significance of mangrove conservation will be strongly supported by such degradation check lists for the coastal managers. The present work is conducted by extensive field works over a prolonged period, use of professional experiences of the authors, and application of Geospatial Techniques for database generation and management to achieve the purposes. However, factor analysis
(PCA) method is also utilized to justify the ideal sequential factors those are responsible for mangrove degradations for each study area of the islands as per their regional location characters.
So far as, seven major factors and their total 56 sub-factors of mangrove degradations have been identified in southwestern parts of the Sundarban from the temporal field observations, remote sensing studies and explored historical documents in the study areas. From the present study it is revealed that hypersalinity, storm effects and sediment deposition parameters are mainly responsible for mangrove degradations in Patibania Island (Susnir Char); and for the Fredrick Island fishery development, land erosion and hypersalinity parameters are liable to mangrove degradations; and finally, fishery development, sediment deposition and land erosion parameters are sequentially responsible for mangrove degradations in Henry’s Island.
techniques. Temporal data of multispectral Landsat images for the period of 11 year (2005 to 2015) are utilized for the
analysis of cropping intensity of different seasons. The seasonal cropping patterns with their spatial variations are
recorded by this method to identify the agricultural land uses of different seasons in and around the lake margin
landscapes. The Chilika watershed area covers about 5240 Sq. Km. This watershed is situated at the western part of
Mahanadi delta and agriculture production depends on various environmental factors. Accumulation of deltaic fertile
soil, favorable weather condition and availability of water controls the agriculture and the amount of production.
Crops are of mainly two types, Kharif and Rabi crop are cultivated in the study area. Multi-temporal indices based
feature extraction of multispectral image approach and Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification of hyperspectral
image approach is followed to map the cropland. Accuracy checking by using field visit and at remote area with the
help of pan sharpen high spatial resolution Quick Bird standard false color image. Both methods are quite useful to
discriminate croplands from other land cover types.