The Karapinar basin, located in the Central Anatolian part of Turkey, is subjected to land subsid... more The Karapinar basin, located in the Central Anatolian part of Turkey, is subjected to land subsidence and sinkhole activity due to extensive groundwater withdrawal that began in the early 2000s. In this study, we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and groundwater level data to monitor and better understand the relations between groundwater extraction, land subsidence, and sinkhole formation in the Karapinar basin. The main observations used in the study are InSAR-derived subsidence velocity maps calculated from both Sentinel-1 (2014–2018) and COSMO-SkyMed (2016–2017) SAR data. Our analysis reveals broad areas of subsidence with rates exceeding 70 mm/yr. The InSAR-derived subsidence was compared with GNSS data acquired by a continuously operating GNSS station located in the study area, which show a similar rate of subsidence. The temporal characteristic of both InSAR and GNSS time series indicate a long-term subsidence sig...
The main aim of the present study was to produce and compare landslide susceptibility maps by usi... more The main aim of the present study was to produce and compare landslide susceptibility maps by using five machine learning techniques, namely, artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and, classification and regression tree (CART). The study area was determined as the Arhavi-Kabisre river basin, a region in which the most landslide incidents occur in Turkey. Firstly, a landslide inventory was produced by identifying a total of the 252 landslides. Secondly, a total of 11 landslide conditioning factors were considered for the landslide susceptibility mapping. Subsequently, the five machine learning techniques were constructed with the help of the training dataset for the landslide susceptibility maps. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), sensitivity, specificity, F-measure, accuracy and kappa index were applied to compare and validate the performance of the five machine learning techniques.
Karapınar, located in the middle of Konya Closed Basin in Turkey, is a district that is agricultu... more Karapınar, located in the middle of Konya Closed Basin in Turkey, is a district that is agriculturally and economically significant. The natural life and agricultural future of the district are threatened by the gradual reduction of underground water resources, application of intensive agricultural activities that are unable to account for climate characteristics, and climate change effects. When the geological structure of the district is added to all these parameters, environmental problems such as land subsidence and sinkhole formation occur in the district. This study presents the results of a research project evaluating sinkhole susceptibility using remote sensing and geographic information systems in the district of Karapınar in Konya, Turkey. In addition, the importance of adding deformation map that was produced using InSAR analyses as a factor in the sinkhole susceptibility mapping was emphasized. A sinkhole susceptibility map was produced to determine the potential sinkhole areas based on expert opinions by applying the analytical hierarchy process approach and considering a selection of 13 factors. The map produced was in high agreement with the recent sinkholes in the district. The results of this study showed that the analytical hierarchy process can be a useful approach for susceptibility assessments when data on the main controlling factors have sufficient accuracy and spatial coverage. In addition, the map presented apparent sinkhole susceptibility in the area in accordance with the selected parameters and informed decision makers regarding natural hazard risks in Karapınar.
Bu makalede İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) kullanılarak elde edilen hava görüntüleri ile sayısal yükse... more Bu makalede İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) kullanılarak elde edilen hava görüntüleri ile sayısal yükseklik modelinde kullanılmak üzere mozaikleme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Görüntüler kompakt kameralı, döner kanatlı, endüstriyel bir İHA ile 120 m uçuş yüksekliğinde (~3.3 cm/piksel Yer Örnekleme Aralığında) %80 boyuna ve %50 enine bindirmeli olarak çekilmiştir. Konya Selçuk Üniversitesi Kampüs Alanı'ndaki test bölgesinde kurulan 50 Yer Kontrol Noktası (YKN) kullanılarak görüntülerin birleştirilmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüntülerden elde edilen ortomozaik Pix4D yazılımından üretilmiştir. Mozaikleme işlemi için toplamda 173 adet İHA görüntüsü kullanılmıştır. Önerilen örnek tabanlı iç boyama yönteminin performansı, 173 adet İHA görüntüsünden elde edilen 256×256 boyutlarında 6228 adet görüntü üzerinde ve 173 adet İHA görüntüsü ile elde edilen ortomozaik görüntü üzerinde test edilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemde iç boyama işlemi için 5×5, 7×7 ve 9×9 boyutlarında farklı görüntü yama boyutları kullanılmıştır. Farklı yama boyutlarına göre önerilen yöntemin performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Yapısal Benzerlik İndeksi (YBİ), 5×5 yama boyutu için 0.9824, 7×7 yama boyutu için 0.9840 ve 9×9 yama boyutu için 0.9843 elde edilmiştir. Sinyal Gürültü Oranı (SGO), 5×5 yama boyutu için 22.1010 dB, 7×7 yama boyutu için 22.5148 dB ve 9×9 yama boyutu için 22.6927 dB elde edilmiştir. Tepe Sinyal Gürültü Oranı (TSGO), 5×5 yama boyutu için 21.7303 dB, 7×7 yama boyutu için 21.3184 dB ve 9×9 yama boyutu için 21.1420 dB elde edilmiştir. Son olarak ise önerilen yöntem kullanılarak ortomozaik görüntü içerisindeki eksik bölgelere iç boyama işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Kentlerde, zaman içerisinde hızlı nüfus artışı ile birlikte görülen kentleşme ve sanayileşme doğa... more Kentlerde, zaman içerisinde hızlı nüfus artışı ile birlikte görülen kentleşme ve sanayileşme doğal alanların, yok edilerek beton, asfalt vb. güneş enerjisini absorbe eden yüzeylere dönüşmesine neden olmuştur. Kentleşme, kent merkezlerindeki sıcaklığın çevresindeki tarım arazileri, orman vb. doğal alanlarından daha fazla olmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum lokal iklim değişikliği, hava kirliliği, enerji tüketimi, sağlık sorunları vb. olayların kaynağı olan kentsel ısı adası etkisini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, son zamanlarda hızlı bir nüfus artışının yaşandığı Mersin ilindeki kentleşmenin Yer Yüzey Sıcaklığı üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda, Landsat-5 TM ve Landsat-8 OLI uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak 1990-1999-2007-2011-2018 yıllarına ait sıcaklık haritaları üretilmiştir. Aynı zamanda 1990 ve 2018 yıllarında kentsel alanlarının belirlenmesi için CORINE arazi kullanımı/örtüsü verisinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 28 yıllık periyotta birçok doğal alanların yok edilerek yapay alanlara dönüştüğü ve bunun neticesinde Mersin kent merkezi için ortalama 6 0 C civarında sıcaklık artışı yaşandığı gözlenmiştir.
Ülkemizde özellikle Konya Kapalı Havzası'nda 2000 yılından sonra oluşumları hızla artan karstik y... more Ülkemizde özellikle Konya Kapalı Havzası'nda 2000 yılından sonra oluşumları hızla artan karstik yer şekillerinden olan obruk oluşumları jeolojik, iklimsel ve antropojenik etkilere bağlı olarak meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, obruk oluşumlarının yol açtığı maddi/manevi kayıpların azaltılması ve obrukların mekânsal dağılımını kontrol eden çevresel faktörlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak amacı ile web ve bulut tabanlı haritalama servisleri kullanılarak obruk envanter bilgi sisteminin oluşturulmuştur.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2018
Groundwater depletion caused by rapid population growth, global climate change, water resources o... more Groundwater depletion caused by rapid population growth, global climate change, water resources overexploitation is a major concern in many regions of the world. Consequences are not limited to a non-renewable water loss but extend to environmental degradation and geo-hazards risk increase. In areas where excessive groundwater withdrawal occurs, land subsidence induced by aquifer compaction is observed, resulting in severe socioeconomic damage for the affected communities. In this work, we apply a multi-source data approach to investigate the fragile environment of Konya plain, central Turkey. The area, which is under strong anthropogenic pressures and faces with serious water-related problems, is widely affected by land subsidence. In order to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern of the subsidence process we use the Small BAseline Subset DInSAR technique to process two datasets of ENVISAT SAR images spanning the 2002-2010 period and to produce ground deformation maps and associated time-series. Results, complemented with meteorological, stratigraphic and piezometric data as well as with land-cover information, allow us to obtain a comprehensive picture of the climatic, hydrogeological and human dynamics of the study area.
International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 2017
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change impact that have been occurred on... more The main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change impact that have been occurred on Salt Lake located in the central Anatolia is one of the area that has been faced to extinction. In order to monitor current status of the Salt Lake, Landsat satellite images has been obtained between the year of 2000 and 2014 (for the months of February, May, August and November). Satellite images has been processed by using ArcGIS and ERDAS softwares and the water surface area has been determined. The time series of water surface areas has been analyzed with auto-correlation method and repeated pattern has been detected. The seasonal part of the time series which period is 1 year and causes about 400 km² fluctuations has been removed with Moving Average filter, successfully. As a result of filtration process, non-seasonal time series of water surface area of Salt Lake were obtained. It is understood from the non-seasonal time series that the water surface area showed variability between 2000 and 2010 and after 2010 it is stable until 2014. In order to explain the variability, meteorological data (precipitation and temperature) of the surrounding area has been acquired from the related service. The cross-correlation analyses has been performed with the movement of the water surface area and meteorological time series. As a result of analysis, the relationship between water surface changes in Salt Lake and meteorological data have correlated up to 80%. Consequently, several conclusion have been detected that the topography of the region play a direct role of the correlation coefficients and the water surface changes are effected from the environmental events that is occurred in the south of Salt Lake sub-Basin.
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multi-temporal land surface temperature (LST) an... more The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multi-temporal land surface temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes of Konya in Turkey using remotely sensed data. Konya is located in the semi-arid central Anatolian region of Turkey and hosts many important wetland sites including Salt Lake. Six images taken by Landsat-5 TM and Landsat 8- OLI satellites were used as the basic data source. These raw images were taken in 1984, 2011 and 2014 intended as long-term and short-term. Firstly, those raw images was corrected radiometric and geometrically within the scope of project. Three mosaic images were obtained by using the full-frame images of Landsat-5 TM / 8- OLI which had been already transformed comparison each other. Then, Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps have been produced to determine the dimension of the drought. The obtained results showed that surface temperature rates in the basin increased ...
Selcuk University Journal of Engineering ,Science and Technology, 2017
Sinkholes are commonly defined as deep pits giving the appearance of a chimney or well resulting ... more Sinkholes are commonly defined as deep pits giving the appearance of a chimney or well resulting by collapsing of underground rivers in horizontal or near-bedded lime stones or active cave ceilings. Sinkholes appear as deep pits in the so-called karst land, usually on limestones and carbonates that are easily rinsed with water. The sinkhole occurrences in our country are very often seen on the Obruk Plateau in the Konya Closed Basin. In Karapinar region and its surroundings located in this plateau, especially in recent years surface deformations and sinkhole formations are frequent. The resulting sinkholes in the field of agriculture and occurred in areas close to residential areas is to upset the locals. Several studies have been carried out about the formation of sinkholes in Konya Closed Basin and especially around Karapinar. As a result of the literature survey, different information about the number of sinkholes in the region has been reached. Therefore, an inventory information system that is as up-todate as daily, accurate, and rich in attribute information (position information, shape, diameter, depth, distance to settlements, year of formation, region etc.), has been created as a result of detailed field work, analyzing satellite images, and examining digital terrain model. The inventory information of the 283 objects created within the scope of the study will be used as support data in the future hazard, risk and planning studies. In addition, the inventory data will be shared through a Web-based system with the relevant people and institutions. The Geoinformation System-like Web application is built using Google Maps and Fusion Tables services for data storage and management, both are free services from Google Inc. The web application's infrastructure includes HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Google Maps API V3, and Google Fusion Tables API technologies. Using these technologies, it is possible to create effective map "Mash-Up" applications by adding Google maps to a Web page, where spatial data is stored in Fusion Tables and can be displayed as a layer on Google maps. The sinkhole inventory information system presented with w eb-based application is handled in detail in this article.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change effects that have been occurred a... more The main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change effects that have been occurred at the beginning of the twenty-first century at the Konya Closed Basin (KCB) located in the semi-arid central Anatolian region of Turkey and particularly in Salt Lake region where many major wetlands located in and situated in KCB and to share the analysis results online in a Web Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. 71 Landsat 5-TM, 7-ETM+ and 8-OLI images and meteorological data obtained from 10 meteorological stations have been used at the scope of this work. 56 of Landsat images have been used for extraction of Salt Lake surface area through multi-temporal Landsat imagery collected from 2000 to 2014 in Salt lake basin. 15 of Landsat images have been used to make thematic maps of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in KCB, and 10 meteorological stations data has been used to generate the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), which was used in drought studies. For the purpose of visualizing and sharing the results, a Web GIS-like environment has been established by using Google Maps and its useful data storage and manipulating product Fusion Tables which are all Google's free of charge Web service elements. The infrastructure of web application includes HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Google Maps API V3 and Google Fusion Tables API technologies. These technologies make it possible to make effective "Map Mash-Ups" involving an embedded Google Map in a Web page, storing the spatial or tabular data in Fusion Tables and add this data as a map layer on embedded map. The analysing process and map mash-up application have been discussed in detail as the main sections of this paper.
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multitemporal land surface temperature (LST) cha... more The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multitemporal land surface temperature (LST) changes by using satellite remote sensing data. The study included a real-time field work performed during the overpass of Landsat-5 satellite on 21/08/2011 over Salt Lake, Turkey. Normalized vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation condition index (VCI), and temperature vegetation index (TVX) were used for evaluating drought impact over the region between 1984 and 2011. In the image processing step, geometric and radiometric correction procedures were conducted to make satellite remote sensing data comparable within situmeasurements carried out using thermal infrared thermometer supported by hand-held GPS. The results showed that real-time ground and satellite remote sensing data were in good agreement with correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.90. The remotely sensed and treated satellite images and resulting thematic indices maps showed that dramatic land surface temperature changes occurr...
Konya, which is located within the Konya Closed Basin, is the most important agricultural product... more Konya, which is located within the Konya Closed Basin, is the most important agricultural production region in Turkey. The future of agriculture is threatened in this region due to the decline in groundwater levels and the intensive agricultural activities that require high water consumption and are not suitable to the climate conditions of the region. In addition to these parameters, the geological structure of Konya also poses various environmental problems such as land subsidence and sinkhole formation. This study aimed to investigate the causes of the land subsidence problem in Konya and its surroundings with the help of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique and auxiliary data, namely optic, Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE), and groundwater monitoring station data. In order to investigate the land subsidence in the study area, 58 Sentinel-1A images acquired between 2014 and 2018 were processed by using the small baseline subset (SB...
Obruk, yatay veya yataya yakin tabakali kirec taslarinda bulunan yeralti nehirlerinin veya aktif ... more Obruk, yatay veya yataya yakin tabakali kirec taslarinda bulunan yeralti nehirlerinin veya aktif magara tavanlarinin cokmesi sonucu olusmus, baca veya kuyu goruntusu veren derin cukurluklara verilen isimdir. Obruklar karst arazi denilen, genelde suyun kolayca eritebildigi kirectaslari ve karbonatlar iceren duzluklerde bulunan derin cukurlar seklinde gorunurler. Ulkemizde obruk olusumlari, Konya Kapali Havzasi'nda yer alan Obruk Platosunda cok siklikla gorulmektedir. Bu platoda yer alan Karapinar ve cevresinde, ozellikle son yillarda siklikla yuzey deformasyonlari ve obruklar meydana gelmektedir. Olusan obruklarin tarim alanlarinda ve yerlesim alanlarina yakin bolgelerde meydana gelmesi bolge halkini tedirgin etmektedir. Konya Kapali Havzasi ve ozellikle Karapinar civarinda, obruk olusumlari ile ilgili bazi calismalar gerceklestirilmistir. Literatur arastirmasi sonucunda, bolgedeki Obruk sayisi ile ilgili farkli bilgilere ulasilmistir. Bu yuzden gunumuze kadar guncel, dogru ve oz...
Hidrolojik cevrim parametrelerinden biri olan Yeralti su seviyesinin degisiminin belirlenmesi su ... more Hidrolojik cevrim parametrelerinden biri olan Yeralti su seviyesinin degisiminin belirlenmesi su kaynaklarinin planlanmasi, yonetilmesi ve ekonomik kalkinma icin oldukca onemlidir. Hidrolojik parametrelerin zaman icinde degisimini belirlemek icin parametrik ve parametrik olmayan trend analizleri yapilmaktadir. Bu calismada Konya Kapali Havza’sinda yer alan 10 adet (181, 182, 8185, 9431, 9434, 10472, 13314, 17171, 52258, 52564) YSS gozlem istasyonunun (1978-2020 yillari arasi), aylik ortalama su seviyelerinin (mm) trend analizi yapilmistir. Analizlerde parametrik yontemlerden Lineer trend yontemi ve parametrik olmayan Mann-Kendall yontemi kullanilmistir. Guven araliginin %95’lik kisminda gerceklestirilen calismada, tum istasyonlarda su seviyelerinin istatistiksel olarak azalan yonde egilim gosterdigi, bu egilimin son yillarda giderek attigi tespit edilmistir. Maksimum ve minimum yeralti suyu seviyesi arasindaki farkin en belirgin oldugu istasyonda yeralti suyu seviyesindeki degisimin...
The Karapinar basin, located in the Central Anatolian part of Turkey, is subjected to land subsid... more The Karapinar basin, located in the Central Anatolian part of Turkey, is subjected to land subsidence and sinkhole activity due to extensive groundwater withdrawal that began in the early 2000s. In this study, we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and groundwater level data to monitor and better understand the relations between groundwater extraction, land subsidence, and sinkhole formation in the Karapinar basin. The main observations used in the study are InSAR-derived subsidence velocity maps calculated from both Sentinel-1 (2014–2018) and COSMO-SkyMed (2016–2017) SAR data. Our analysis reveals broad areas of subsidence with rates exceeding 70 mm/yr. The InSAR-derived subsidence was compared with GNSS data acquired by a continuously operating GNSS station located in the study area, which show a similar rate of subsidence. The temporal characteristic of both InSAR and GNSS time series indicate a long-term subsidence sig...
The main aim of the present study was to produce and compare landslide susceptibility maps by usi... more The main aim of the present study was to produce and compare landslide susceptibility maps by using five machine learning techniques, namely, artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and, classification and regression tree (CART). The study area was determined as the Arhavi-Kabisre river basin, a region in which the most landslide incidents occur in Turkey. Firstly, a landslide inventory was produced by identifying a total of the 252 landslides. Secondly, a total of 11 landslide conditioning factors were considered for the landslide susceptibility mapping. Subsequently, the five machine learning techniques were constructed with the help of the training dataset for the landslide susceptibility maps. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), sensitivity, specificity, F-measure, accuracy and kappa index were applied to compare and validate the performance of the five machine learning techniques.
Karapınar, located in the middle of Konya Closed Basin in Turkey, is a district that is agricultu... more Karapınar, located in the middle of Konya Closed Basin in Turkey, is a district that is agriculturally and economically significant. The natural life and agricultural future of the district are threatened by the gradual reduction of underground water resources, application of intensive agricultural activities that are unable to account for climate characteristics, and climate change effects. When the geological structure of the district is added to all these parameters, environmental problems such as land subsidence and sinkhole formation occur in the district. This study presents the results of a research project evaluating sinkhole susceptibility using remote sensing and geographic information systems in the district of Karapınar in Konya, Turkey. In addition, the importance of adding deformation map that was produced using InSAR analyses as a factor in the sinkhole susceptibility mapping was emphasized. A sinkhole susceptibility map was produced to determine the potential sinkhole areas based on expert opinions by applying the analytical hierarchy process approach and considering a selection of 13 factors. The map produced was in high agreement with the recent sinkholes in the district. The results of this study showed that the analytical hierarchy process can be a useful approach for susceptibility assessments when data on the main controlling factors have sufficient accuracy and spatial coverage. In addition, the map presented apparent sinkhole susceptibility in the area in accordance with the selected parameters and informed decision makers regarding natural hazard risks in Karapınar.
Bu makalede İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) kullanılarak elde edilen hava görüntüleri ile sayısal yükse... more Bu makalede İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) kullanılarak elde edilen hava görüntüleri ile sayısal yükseklik modelinde kullanılmak üzere mozaikleme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Görüntüler kompakt kameralı, döner kanatlı, endüstriyel bir İHA ile 120 m uçuş yüksekliğinde (~3.3 cm/piksel Yer Örnekleme Aralığında) %80 boyuna ve %50 enine bindirmeli olarak çekilmiştir. Konya Selçuk Üniversitesi Kampüs Alanı'ndaki test bölgesinde kurulan 50 Yer Kontrol Noktası (YKN) kullanılarak görüntülerin birleştirilmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüntülerden elde edilen ortomozaik Pix4D yazılımından üretilmiştir. Mozaikleme işlemi için toplamda 173 adet İHA görüntüsü kullanılmıştır. Önerilen örnek tabanlı iç boyama yönteminin performansı, 173 adet İHA görüntüsünden elde edilen 256×256 boyutlarında 6228 adet görüntü üzerinde ve 173 adet İHA görüntüsü ile elde edilen ortomozaik görüntü üzerinde test edilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemde iç boyama işlemi için 5×5, 7×7 ve 9×9 boyutlarında farklı görüntü yama boyutları kullanılmıştır. Farklı yama boyutlarına göre önerilen yöntemin performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Yapısal Benzerlik İndeksi (YBİ), 5×5 yama boyutu için 0.9824, 7×7 yama boyutu için 0.9840 ve 9×9 yama boyutu için 0.9843 elde edilmiştir. Sinyal Gürültü Oranı (SGO), 5×5 yama boyutu için 22.1010 dB, 7×7 yama boyutu için 22.5148 dB ve 9×9 yama boyutu için 22.6927 dB elde edilmiştir. Tepe Sinyal Gürültü Oranı (TSGO), 5×5 yama boyutu için 21.7303 dB, 7×7 yama boyutu için 21.3184 dB ve 9×9 yama boyutu için 21.1420 dB elde edilmiştir. Son olarak ise önerilen yöntem kullanılarak ortomozaik görüntü içerisindeki eksik bölgelere iç boyama işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Kentlerde, zaman içerisinde hızlı nüfus artışı ile birlikte görülen kentleşme ve sanayileşme doğa... more Kentlerde, zaman içerisinde hızlı nüfus artışı ile birlikte görülen kentleşme ve sanayileşme doğal alanların, yok edilerek beton, asfalt vb. güneş enerjisini absorbe eden yüzeylere dönüşmesine neden olmuştur. Kentleşme, kent merkezlerindeki sıcaklığın çevresindeki tarım arazileri, orman vb. doğal alanlarından daha fazla olmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum lokal iklim değişikliği, hava kirliliği, enerji tüketimi, sağlık sorunları vb. olayların kaynağı olan kentsel ısı adası etkisini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, son zamanlarda hızlı bir nüfus artışının yaşandığı Mersin ilindeki kentleşmenin Yer Yüzey Sıcaklığı üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda, Landsat-5 TM ve Landsat-8 OLI uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak 1990-1999-2007-2011-2018 yıllarına ait sıcaklık haritaları üretilmiştir. Aynı zamanda 1990 ve 2018 yıllarında kentsel alanlarının belirlenmesi için CORINE arazi kullanımı/örtüsü verisinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 28 yıllık periyotta birçok doğal alanların yok edilerek yapay alanlara dönüştüğü ve bunun neticesinde Mersin kent merkezi için ortalama 6 0 C civarında sıcaklık artışı yaşandığı gözlenmiştir.
Ülkemizde özellikle Konya Kapalı Havzası'nda 2000 yılından sonra oluşumları hızla artan karstik y... more Ülkemizde özellikle Konya Kapalı Havzası'nda 2000 yılından sonra oluşumları hızla artan karstik yer şekillerinden olan obruk oluşumları jeolojik, iklimsel ve antropojenik etkilere bağlı olarak meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, obruk oluşumlarının yol açtığı maddi/manevi kayıpların azaltılması ve obrukların mekânsal dağılımını kontrol eden çevresel faktörlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak amacı ile web ve bulut tabanlı haritalama servisleri kullanılarak obruk envanter bilgi sisteminin oluşturulmuştur.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2018
Groundwater depletion caused by rapid population growth, global climate change, water resources o... more Groundwater depletion caused by rapid population growth, global climate change, water resources overexploitation is a major concern in many regions of the world. Consequences are not limited to a non-renewable water loss but extend to environmental degradation and geo-hazards risk increase. In areas where excessive groundwater withdrawal occurs, land subsidence induced by aquifer compaction is observed, resulting in severe socioeconomic damage for the affected communities. In this work, we apply a multi-source data approach to investigate the fragile environment of Konya plain, central Turkey. The area, which is under strong anthropogenic pressures and faces with serious water-related problems, is widely affected by land subsidence. In order to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern of the subsidence process we use the Small BAseline Subset DInSAR technique to process two datasets of ENVISAT SAR images spanning the 2002-2010 period and to produce ground deformation maps and associated time-series. Results, complemented with meteorological, stratigraphic and piezometric data as well as with land-cover information, allow us to obtain a comprehensive picture of the climatic, hydrogeological and human dynamics of the study area.
International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 2017
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change impact that have been occurred on... more The main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change impact that have been occurred on Salt Lake located in the central Anatolia is one of the area that has been faced to extinction. In order to monitor current status of the Salt Lake, Landsat satellite images has been obtained between the year of 2000 and 2014 (for the months of February, May, August and November). Satellite images has been processed by using ArcGIS and ERDAS softwares and the water surface area has been determined. The time series of water surface areas has been analyzed with auto-correlation method and repeated pattern has been detected. The seasonal part of the time series which period is 1 year and causes about 400 km² fluctuations has been removed with Moving Average filter, successfully. As a result of filtration process, non-seasonal time series of water surface area of Salt Lake were obtained. It is understood from the non-seasonal time series that the water surface area showed variability between 2000 and 2010 and after 2010 it is stable until 2014. In order to explain the variability, meteorological data (precipitation and temperature) of the surrounding area has been acquired from the related service. The cross-correlation analyses has been performed with the movement of the water surface area and meteorological time series. As a result of analysis, the relationship between water surface changes in Salt Lake and meteorological data have correlated up to 80%. Consequently, several conclusion have been detected that the topography of the region play a direct role of the correlation coefficients and the water surface changes are effected from the environmental events that is occurred in the south of Salt Lake sub-Basin.
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multi-temporal land surface temperature (LST) an... more The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multi-temporal land surface temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes of Konya in Turkey using remotely sensed data. Konya is located in the semi-arid central Anatolian region of Turkey and hosts many important wetland sites including Salt Lake. Six images taken by Landsat-5 TM and Landsat 8- OLI satellites were used as the basic data source. These raw images were taken in 1984, 2011 and 2014 intended as long-term and short-term. Firstly, those raw images was corrected radiometric and geometrically within the scope of project. Three mosaic images were obtained by using the full-frame images of Landsat-5 TM / 8- OLI which had been already transformed comparison each other. Then, Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps have been produced to determine the dimension of the drought. The obtained results showed that surface temperature rates in the basin increased ...
Selcuk University Journal of Engineering ,Science and Technology, 2017
Sinkholes are commonly defined as deep pits giving the appearance of a chimney or well resulting ... more Sinkholes are commonly defined as deep pits giving the appearance of a chimney or well resulting by collapsing of underground rivers in horizontal or near-bedded lime stones or active cave ceilings. Sinkholes appear as deep pits in the so-called karst land, usually on limestones and carbonates that are easily rinsed with water. The sinkhole occurrences in our country are very often seen on the Obruk Plateau in the Konya Closed Basin. In Karapinar region and its surroundings located in this plateau, especially in recent years surface deformations and sinkhole formations are frequent. The resulting sinkholes in the field of agriculture and occurred in areas close to residential areas is to upset the locals. Several studies have been carried out about the formation of sinkholes in Konya Closed Basin and especially around Karapinar. As a result of the literature survey, different information about the number of sinkholes in the region has been reached. Therefore, an inventory information system that is as up-todate as daily, accurate, and rich in attribute information (position information, shape, diameter, depth, distance to settlements, year of formation, region etc.), has been created as a result of detailed field work, analyzing satellite images, and examining digital terrain model. The inventory information of the 283 objects created within the scope of the study will be used as support data in the future hazard, risk and planning studies. In addition, the inventory data will be shared through a Web-based system with the relevant people and institutions. The Geoinformation System-like Web application is built using Google Maps and Fusion Tables services for data storage and management, both are free services from Google Inc. The web application's infrastructure includes HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Google Maps API V3, and Google Fusion Tables API technologies. Using these technologies, it is possible to create effective map "Mash-Up" applications by adding Google maps to a Web page, where spatial data is stored in Fusion Tables and can be displayed as a layer on Google maps. The sinkhole inventory information system presented with w eb-based application is handled in detail in this article.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change effects that have been occurred a... more The main purpose of this paper is to investigate climate change effects that have been occurred at the beginning of the twenty-first century at the Konya Closed Basin (KCB) located in the semi-arid central Anatolian region of Turkey and particularly in Salt Lake region where many major wetlands located in and situated in KCB and to share the analysis results online in a Web Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. 71 Landsat 5-TM, 7-ETM+ and 8-OLI images and meteorological data obtained from 10 meteorological stations have been used at the scope of this work. 56 of Landsat images have been used for extraction of Salt Lake surface area through multi-temporal Landsat imagery collected from 2000 to 2014 in Salt lake basin. 15 of Landsat images have been used to make thematic maps of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in KCB, and 10 meteorological stations data has been used to generate the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), which was used in drought studies. For the purpose of visualizing and sharing the results, a Web GIS-like environment has been established by using Google Maps and its useful data storage and manipulating product Fusion Tables which are all Google's free of charge Web service elements. The infrastructure of web application includes HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Google Maps API V3 and Google Fusion Tables API technologies. These technologies make it possible to make effective "Map Mash-Ups" involving an embedded Google Map in a Web page, storing the spatial or tabular data in Fusion Tables and add this data as a map layer on embedded map. The analysing process and map mash-up application have been discussed in detail as the main sections of this paper.
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multitemporal land surface temperature (LST) cha... more The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multitemporal land surface temperature (LST) changes by using satellite remote sensing data. The study included a real-time field work performed during the overpass of Landsat-5 satellite on 21/08/2011 over Salt Lake, Turkey. Normalized vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation condition index (VCI), and temperature vegetation index (TVX) were used for evaluating drought impact over the region between 1984 and 2011. In the image processing step, geometric and radiometric correction procedures were conducted to make satellite remote sensing data comparable within situmeasurements carried out using thermal infrared thermometer supported by hand-held GPS. The results showed that real-time ground and satellite remote sensing data were in good agreement with correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.90. The remotely sensed and treated satellite images and resulting thematic indices maps showed that dramatic land surface temperature changes occurr...
Konya, which is located within the Konya Closed Basin, is the most important agricultural product... more Konya, which is located within the Konya Closed Basin, is the most important agricultural production region in Turkey. The future of agriculture is threatened in this region due to the decline in groundwater levels and the intensive agricultural activities that require high water consumption and are not suitable to the climate conditions of the region. In addition to these parameters, the geological structure of Konya also poses various environmental problems such as land subsidence and sinkhole formation. This study aimed to investigate the causes of the land subsidence problem in Konya and its surroundings with the help of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique and auxiliary data, namely optic, Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE), and groundwater monitoring station data. In order to investigate the land subsidence in the study area, 58 Sentinel-1A images acquired between 2014 and 2018 were processed by using the small baseline subset (SB...
Obruk, yatay veya yataya yakin tabakali kirec taslarinda bulunan yeralti nehirlerinin veya aktif ... more Obruk, yatay veya yataya yakin tabakali kirec taslarinda bulunan yeralti nehirlerinin veya aktif magara tavanlarinin cokmesi sonucu olusmus, baca veya kuyu goruntusu veren derin cukurluklara verilen isimdir. Obruklar karst arazi denilen, genelde suyun kolayca eritebildigi kirectaslari ve karbonatlar iceren duzluklerde bulunan derin cukurlar seklinde gorunurler. Ulkemizde obruk olusumlari, Konya Kapali Havzasi'nda yer alan Obruk Platosunda cok siklikla gorulmektedir. Bu platoda yer alan Karapinar ve cevresinde, ozellikle son yillarda siklikla yuzey deformasyonlari ve obruklar meydana gelmektedir. Olusan obruklarin tarim alanlarinda ve yerlesim alanlarina yakin bolgelerde meydana gelmesi bolge halkini tedirgin etmektedir. Konya Kapali Havzasi ve ozellikle Karapinar civarinda, obruk olusumlari ile ilgili bazi calismalar gerceklestirilmistir. Literatur arastirmasi sonucunda, bolgedeki Obruk sayisi ile ilgili farkli bilgilere ulasilmistir. Bu yuzden gunumuze kadar guncel, dogru ve oz...
Hidrolojik cevrim parametrelerinden biri olan Yeralti su seviyesinin degisiminin belirlenmesi su ... more Hidrolojik cevrim parametrelerinden biri olan Yeralti su seviyesinin degisiminin belirlenmesi su kaynaklarinin planlanmasi, yonetilmesi ve ekonomik kalkinma icin oldukca onemlidir. Hidrolojik parametrelerin zaman icinde degisimini belirlemek icin parametrik ve parametrik olmayan trend analizleri yapilmaktadir. Bu calismada Konya Kapali Havza’sinda yer alan 10 adet (181, 182, 8185, 9431, 9434, 10472, 13314, 17171, 52258, 52564) YSS gozlem istasyonunun (1978-2020 yillari arasi), aylik ortalama su seviyelerinin (mm) trend analizi yapilmistir. Analizlerde parametrik yontemlerden Lineer trend yontemi ve parametrik olmayan Mann-Kendall yontemi kullanilmistir. Guven araliginin %95’lik kisminda gerceklestirilen calismada, tum istasyonlarda su seviyelerinin istatistiksel olarak azalan yonde egilim gosterdigi, bu egilimin son yillarda giderek attigi tespit edilmistir. Maksimum ve minimum yeralti suyu seviyesi arasindaki farkin en belirgin oldugu istasyonda yeralti suyu seviyesindeki degisimin...
Konya Kapalı Havzasındaki doğal kaynakların etkin ve sürdürülebilir bir şekildekullanılm... more Konya Kapalı Havzasındaki doğal kaynakların etkin ve sürdürülebilir bir şekildekullanılmasınısağlamak, tarım faaliyetlerinde sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak amacıyla bu çalışmakapsamında; Landsat 5-TM görüntüleri yardımıyla 28 yıllık bir periyotta bölgenin yüzey sıcaklık, kuraklık haritaları oluşturulmuş. Proje kapsamında 1984, 1989, 1998, 2003, 2007 ve 2011 yıllarına ait 29 adet Landsat-5 TM uydu görüntüsü temel veri kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu uydu görüntüleri öncelikle geometrik ve radyometrik olarak düzeltilmiştir. Daha sonra, düzeltilmiş uydu görüntüleri ile 1984, 1989, 1998, 2003, 2007 ve 2011 yıllarına ait 5 tam çerçeve TM görüntüleri kullanılarak 6 yıla ait mozaik uydu görüntüleri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu görüntülerden indeks görüntülerinin oluşturulması aşamasına geçilmiştir.Oluşturulan Arazi yüzeyi sıcaklığı(AYS), Bitki Durum İndeksi (BDİ), Sıcaklık –Bitki İndeksleri(SBİ)değerlendirildiğinde sonuç olarak Konya kapalı Havzasında 1984 ve 2011 yılları arasında yüzey sıcaklık değerlerinin 2.00-3.00 °C arasında yükseldiği saptanmış. BDİ’ ne göre belli bölgelerde yaz kuraklığı etkisinde artış olduğu, son yıllardaki yağışlardaki artış bölgenin nefes almasını sağlamış olsa da yeni bir kurak dönemin gelmesi çok muhtemel olarak gözüktüğü söylenebilir.
The region of Karapinar is located in the semi-arid closed basin of Konya. Karapinar is a highly ... more The region of Karapinar is located in the semi-arid closed basin of Konya. Karapinar is a highly productive agricultural area, thanks to the topography and soil structure conditions. This area receives an average annual precipitation of 265 mm, which is the least amount of precipitation in Turkey. During the last two decades, the increase in the irrigated agricultural land caused excessive use of underground water in the region. As a result, visible environmental problems in the region have arisen, such as land subsidence and sinkholes. Land subsidence has already been investigated previously using Envisat data acquired during the years 2002–2010. Results revealed the occurrence of land subsidence over wide areas at a rate of 15 mm/yr (Caló et al., 2017). In this study, we expand the InSAR investigation of land subsidence in the region of Karapinar using SAR data recently acquired. We use both Sentinel-1 (2014-2018) IW (interferometric wide scan) and Cosmo SkyMed (2016-2017) SM (StripMap HIMAGE) images. We process the data using the SBAS time series approach. Our analysis reveals wide areas of subsidence with rates exceeding 50 mm/yr. Calculated subsidence rates are notably higher compared to the ones obtained a decade ago (Caló et al., 2017). This increment in subsidence rate, is most probably due to an increase of groundwater extraction in the area.
Groundwater depletion caused by rapid population growth, global climate change, water resources o... more Groundwater depletion caused by rapid population growth, global climate change, water resources overexploitation is a major concern in many regions of the world. Consequences are not limited to a non-renewable water loss but extend to environmental degradation and geo-hazards risk increase. In areas where excessive groundwater withdrawal occurs, land subsidence induced by aquifer compaction is observed, resulting in severe socioeconomic damage for the affected communities. In this work, we apply a multi-source data approach to investigate the fragile environment of Konya plain, central Turkey. The area, which is under strong anthropogenic pressures and faces with serious water-related problems, is widely affected by land subsidence. In order to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern of the subsidence process we use the Small BAseline Subset DInSAR technique to process two datasets of ENVISAT SAR images spanning the 2002-2010 period and to produce ground deformation maps and associated time-series. Results, complemented with meteorological, stratigraphic and piezometric data as well as with land-cover information, allow us to obtain a comprehensive picture of the climatic, hydrogeological and human dynamics of the study area.
Özet;
Karapınar, Türkiye'nin tarımsal ve ekonomik açıdan önemli bir üretim bölgesi olan Konya Kap... more Özet; Karapınar, Türkiye'nin tarımsal ve ekonomik açıdan önemli bir üretim bölgesi olan Konya Kapalı Havzasının merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bölgede, iklim özellikleri ile uyuşmayan yüksek miktarda su tüketimine sahip yoğun tarım faaliyetlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi, iklim değişikliği etkileri, bölgedeki yeraltı su kaynaklarının giderek azalıyor olması, yeraltından çekilen suyun yağışlar ile geri beslenememesi doğal yaşamı ve tarımın geleceğini tehdit altına almaktadır. Bu parametrelere Karapınar'ın jeolojik yapısı da eklendiği zaman bölgede zemin çökmeleri ve obruk oluşumları gibi çevresel sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Doktora tez çalışması kapsamında, Karapınar ve çevresindeki yaşanan bu sorunların kontrol altına alınabilmesi ve bölgede yapılacak olan planlama çalışmalarına kaynak oluşturabilecek verilerin ve haritaların oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmalar envanter verilerinin temini, arazi örtüsü/kullanımı değişimleri, InSAR uygulaması ve Obruk Duyarlılık Haritası (ODH) üretimi olmak üzere dört aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk olarak, bölgede mevcut tüm obruklara (301) ait envanter verisi toplanmış ve bu verinin Fusion Tables hizmetleri ile web tabanlı sistem üzerinden paylaşılmasının alt yapısı oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra 29 yıllık (1987-2016) periyotta meydana gelen arazi örtüsü/kullanımı değişimleri belirlenmiş ve bu değişikliğin yeraltı suyu ve yağışlar ile olan ilişkileri ortaya konmuştur. InSAR uygulaması başlığı altında, Karapınar ve çevresine ait belirli periyotlar ile elde edilen Cosmo-SkyMed (2016), Sentinel-1 (2014-2017) uydu verilerinden oluşan toplam 37 adet SAR görüntüsü ile deformasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda yıllık -55 mm'ye kadar zemin çökmeleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca X band Cosmo-SkyMed verileri ile çalışma sahası içerinde bulunan alüvyonel bölgelerde tarım faaliyetlerine bağlı olarak gözlemlenen çökmeler net bir şekilde belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, muhtemel obruk alanlarının belirlenebilmesi için jeoloji, yükseklik, eğim, bakı, arazi kullanımı/örtüsü, yeraltı suyu seviye(YSS) değişimi, kuyu yoğunluğu, Faya Olan Uzaklık (FOU), Drenaja Olan Uzaklık (DOU), Karstik yapı oluşturabilecek birim kalınlığı, yağış, PH gibi temel parametrelere ek olarak bölgenin deformasyon haritasının bir faktör olarak dahil edildiği çalışma sonucunda Obruk Duyarlılık Haritası (ODH) üretilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuç haritasının bölgede oluşan güncel obruklar ile yüksek uyuşum gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Abstract; Karapinar is Turkey's agricultural and economically important production region and located in the middle of Konya Closed Basin. In the region, the natural life and the future of agriculture are threatened by the fact that underground water resources are gradually diminishing, the realization of intensive agricultural activities that are incompatible with climate characteristics and have high water consumption, climate change effects. In addition to all these parameters, when considering the geological structure of Karapinar, it reveals environmental problems such as land subsidence and sinkhole formation in the region. In this doctoral thesis, controlling these problems in Karapinar and its surrounding, obtaining data which can be sources for planning studies of the region and creating maps from that data has been worked. For this purpose, four studies were carried out, such as supplying the inventory data, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changing, application of InSAR and production of sinkhole susceptibility map. Firstly, inventory data of 301 sinkholes, which were not revealed by any study before, have been collected. Thus, this study has created a substructure to share these inventory data with using Fusion Tables services. Afterward, LULC changes of 29 years (1987-2016) and its relation to groundwater, and precipitation are revealed. Under the title of InSAR application, totally 37 SAR images belonging to Cosmo-SkyMed (2016) and Sentinel-1(2014-2017) satellites acquired for Karapınar and its surroundings with certain periods were detected and -55 mm/year land subsidence was noticed. Furthermore, land subsidence due to agricultural activities was clearly observed in the alluvial regions located in the study area with X band Cosmo-SkyMed data. Finally, a sinkhole susceptibility map was produced to determine the potential sinkhole areas including basic parameters such as geology, elevation, slope, aspect, LULC, groundwater level change, well density, distance to faults, distance to drainage, water-soluble rock thickness, precipitation, PH and also, deformation map of the Region was added as a factor. It has been determined that the obtained result map shows high agreement with the current sinkholes in the region.
Uploads
Papers by Osman ORhan
Karapınar, Türkiye'nin tarımsal ve ekonomik açıdan önemli bir üretim bölgesi olan Konya Kapalı Havzasının merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bölgede, iklim özellikleri ile uyuşmayan yüksek miktarda su tüketimine sahip yoğun tarım faaliyetlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi, iklim değişikliği etkileri, bölgedeki yeraltı su kaynaklarının giderek azalıyor olması, yeraltından çekilen suyun yağışlar ile geri beslenememesi doğal yaşamı ve tarımın geleceğini tehdit altına almaktadır. Bu parametrelere Karapınar'ın jeolojik yapısı da eklendiği zaman bölgede zemin çökmeleri ve obruk oluşumları gibi çevresel sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Doktora tez çalışması kapsamında, Karapınar ve çevresindeki yaşanan bu sorunların kontrol altına alınabilmesi ve bölgede yapılacak olan planlama çalışmalarına kaynak oluşturabilecek verilerin ve haritaların oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmalar envanter verilerinin temini, arazi örtüsü/kullanımı değişimleri, InSAR uygulaması ve Obruk Duyarlılık Haritası (ODH) üretimi olmak üzere dört aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk olarak, bölgede mevcut tüm obruklara (301) ait envanter verisi toplanmış ve bu verinin Fusion Tables hizmetleri ile web tabanlı sistem üzerinden paylaşılmasının alt yapısı oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra 29 yıllık (1987-2016) periyotta meydana gelen arazi örtüsü/kullanımı değişimleri belirlenmiş ve bu değişikliğin yeraltı suyu ve yağışlar ile olan ilişkileri ortaya konmuştur. InSAR uygulaması başlığı altında, Karapınar ve çevresine ait belirli periyotlar ile elde edilen Cosmo-SkyMed (2016), Sentinel-1 (2014-2017) uydu verilerinden oluşan toplam 37 adet SAR görüntüsü ile deformasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda yıllık -55 mm'ye kadar zemin çökmeleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca X band Cosmo-SkyMed verileri ile çalışma sahası içerinde bulunan alüvyonel bölgelerde tarım faaliyetlerine bağlı olarak gözlemlenen çökmeler net bir şekilde belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, muhtemel obruk alanlarının belirlenebilmesi için jeoloji, yükseklik, eğim, bakı, arazi kullanımı/örtüsü, yeraltı suyu seviye(YSS) değişimi, kuyu yoğunluğu, Faya Olan Uzaklık (FOU), Drenaja Olan Uzaklık (DOU), Karstik yapı oluşturabilecek birim kalınlığı, yağış, PH gibi temel parametrelere ek olarak bölgenin deformasyon haritasının bir faktör olarak dahil edildiği çalışma sonucunda Obruk Duyarlılık Haritası (ODH) üretilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuç haritasının bölgede oluşan güncel obruklar ile yüksek uyuşum gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Abstract;
Karapinar is Turkey's agricultural and economically important production region and located in the middle of Konya Closed Basin. In the region, the natural life and the future of agriculture are threatened by the fact that underground water resources are gradually diminishing, the realization of intensive agricultural activities that are incompatible with climate characteristics and have high water consumption, climate change effects. In addition to all these parameters, when considering the geological structure of Karapinar, it reveals environmental problems such as land subsidence and sinkhole formation in the region. In this doctoral thesis, controlling these problems in Karapinar and its surrounding, obtaining data which can be sources for planning studies of the region and creating maps from that data has been worked. For this purpose, four studies were carried out, such as supplying the inventory data, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changing, application of InSAR and production of sinkhole susceptibility map. Firstly, inventory data of 301 sinkholes, which were not revealed by any study before, have been collected. Thus, this study has created a substructure to share these inventory data with using Fusion Tables services. Afterward, LULC changes of 29 years (1987-2016) and its relation to groundwater, and precipitation are revealed. Under the title of InSAR application, totally 37 SAR images belonging to Cosmo-SkyMed (2016) and Sentinel-1(2014-2017) satellites acquired for Karapınar and its surroundings with certain periods were detected and -55 mm/year land subsidence was noticed. Furthermore, land subsidence due to agricultural activities was clearly observed in the alluvial regions located in the study area with X band Cosmo-SkyMed data. Finally, a sinkhole susceptibility map was produced to determine the potential sinkhole areas including basic parameters such as geology, elevation, slope, aspect, LULC, groundwater level change, well density, distance to faults, distance to drainage, water-soluble rock thickness, precipitation, PH and also, deformation map of the Region was added as a factor. It has been determined that the obtained result map shows high agreement with the current sinkholes in the region.