Fractures of the proximal humerus, forearm, and wrist account for approximately one third of tota... more Fractures of the proximal humerus, forearm, and wrist account for approximately one third of total osteoporotic fractures in the elderly. Several risk factors for these fractures were evaluated in this prospective study of 739 men and 1,105 women aged ≥60 years in Dubbo, Australia. During follow-up (1989, the respective incidences of humerus and of forearm and wrist fractures, per 10,000 person-years, were 22.6 and 33.8 for men and 54.8 and 124.6 for women. Independent predictors of humerus fracture were femoral neck bone mineral density (FNBMD) (relative risk (RR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5) in men and FNBMD (RR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.7, 3.5) and height loss (RR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2) in women. For forearm and wrist fractures, risk factors were FNBMD (men: RR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.3; women: RR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.9) and height loss (men: RR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.3; women: RR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2). In addition, dietary calcium (men: RR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.6) and a history of falls (women: RR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4, 2.6) were also significant. These data suggest that elderly men and women largely share common risk factors for upper limb fractures and that FNBMD is the primary risk factor. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:587-595. FIGURE 1. Incidence of humerus fractures (left panel) and of forearm and wrist fractures (right panel), expressed as fracture cases per 10,000 person-years (p-yrs), in men (hatched bar) and women (black bar), classified by age group, Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, Australia, 1989-1997. by guest on September 13, 2015 http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from 590 Nguyen et al. Am J Epidemiol Vol. 153, No. 6, 2001 FIGURE 2. Incidence of humerus fractures (left panel) and of forearm and wrist fractures (right panel), expressed as fracture cases per 10,000 person-years (p-yrs), in men (hatched bar) and women (black bar), classified by femoral neck bone mineral density (FNBMD) category, Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, Australia, 1989-1997. Osteoporosis: men, <0.74 g/cm 2 and women, <0.70 g/cm 2 ; osteopenia: men, 0.74-0.92 g/cm 2 and women, 0.70-0.88 g/cm 2 ; and normal: men, >0.92 g/cm 2 and women, >0.88 g/cm 2 .
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2001
Iridium oxide films formed by electrodeposition onto noniridium metal substrates are compared wit... more Iridium oxide films formed by electrodeposition onto noniridium metal substrates are compared with activated iridium oxide films (AIROFs) as a low impedance, high charge capacity coating for neural stimulation and recording electrodes. The electrodeposited iridium oxide films (EIROFs) were deposited on Au, Pt, PtIr, and 316 LVM stainless steel substrates from a solution of IrCl4, oxalic acid, and K2CO3. A deposition protocol involving 50 potential sweeps at 50 mV/s between limits of 0.0 V and 0.55 V (versus Ag AgCl) followed by potential pulsing between the same limits produced adherent films with a charge storage capacity of &amp;amp;gt;25 mC/cm2. Characterization by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy revealed no differences in the electrochemical behavior of EIROF on non-Ir substrates and AIROF. The mechanical stability of the oxides was evaluated by ultrasonication in distilled water followed by dehydration and rehydration. Stability under charge injection was evaluated using 200 micros, 5.9 A/cm2 (1.2 mC/cm2) cathodal pulses. Loss of iridium oxide charge capacity was comparable for AIROFs and the EIROFs, ranging from 1% to 8% of the capacity immediately after activation or deposition. The EIROFs were deposited and evaluated on silicon microprobe electrodes and on metallized polyimide electrodes being developed for neural recording and stimulation applications.
2. Phân tích thiết kế hệ thống: + Xác định mục đích, phạm vi bài toán + Xác định hệ thống các chứ... more 2. Phân tích thiết kế hệ thống: + Xác định mục đích, phạm vi bài toán + Xác định hệ thống các chức năng của hệ thống + Xác định dữ liệu của bài toán -liệt kê các trường dữ liệu, liệt kê các thực thể, bảng dữ liệu + Sơ đồ mức khung cảnh -tên hệ thống, các tác nhân + Sơ đồ luồng dữ liệu mức đỉnh. + Các sơ đồ luồng dữ liệu Tham khảo tài liệu của Nguyễn Văn Ba 3.
Fractures of the proximal humerus, forearm, and wrist account for approximately one third of tota... more Fractures of the proximal humerus, forearm, and wrist account for approximately one third of total osteoporotic fractures in the elderly. Several risk factors for these fractures were evaluated in this prospective study of 739 men and 1,105 women aged ≥60 years in Dubbo, Australia. During follow-up (1989, the respective incidences of humerus and of forearm and wrist fractures, per 10,000 person-years, were 22.6 and 33.8 for men and 54.8 and 124.6 for women. Independent predictors of humerus fracture were femoral neck bone mineral density (FNBMD) (relative risk (RR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5) in men and FNBMD (RR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.7, 3.5) and height loss (RR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2) in women. For forearm and wrist fractures, risk factors were FNBMD (men: RR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.3; women: RR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.9) and height loss (men: RR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.3; women: RR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2). In addition, dietary calcium (men: RR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.6) and a history of falls (women: RR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4, 2.6) were also significant. These data suggest that elderly men and women largely share common risk factors for upper limb fractures and that FNBMD is the primary risk factor. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:587-595. FIGURE 1. Incidence of humerus fractures (left panel) and of forearm and wrist fractures (right panel), expressed as fracture cases per 10,000 person-years (p-yrs), in men (hatched bar) and women (black bar), classified by age group, Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, Australia, 1989-1997. by guest on September 13, 2015 http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from 590 Nguyen et al. Am J Epidemiol Vol. 153, No. 6, 2001 FIGURE 2. Incidence of humerus fractures (left panel) and of forearm and wrist fractures (right panel), expressed as fracture cases per 10,000 person-years (p-yrs), in men (hatched bar) and women (black bar), classified by femoral neck bone mineral density (FNBMD) category, Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, Australia, 1989-1997. Osteoporosis: men, <0.74 g/cm 2 and women, <0.70 g/cm 2 ; osteopenia: men, 0.74-0.92 g/cm 2 and women, 0.70-0.88 g/cm 2 ; and normal: men, >0.92 g/cm 2 and women, >0.88 g/cm 2 .
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2001
Iridium oxide films formed by electrodeposition onto noniridium metal substrates are compared wit... more Iridium oxide films formed by electrodeposition onto noniridium metal substrates are compared with activated iridium oxide films (AIROFs) as a low impedance, high charge capacity coating for neural stimulation and recording electrodes. The electrodeposited iridium oxide films (EIROFs) were deposited on Au, Pt, PtIr, and 316 LVM stainless steel substrates from a solution of IrCl4, oxalic acid, and K2CO3. A deposition protocol involving 50 potential sweeps at 50 mV/s between limits of 0.0 V and 0.55 V (versus Ag AgCl) followed by potential pulsing between the same limits produced adherent films with a charge storage capacity of &amp;amp;gt;25 mC/cm2. Characterization by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy revealed no differences in the electrochemical behavior of EIROF on non-Ir substrates and AIROF. The mechanical stability of the oxides was evaluated by ultrasonication in distilled water followed by dehydration and rehydration. Stability under charge injection was evaluated using 200 micros, 5.9 A/cm2 (1.2 mC/cm2) cathodal pulses. Loss of iridium oxide charge capacity was comparable for AIROFs and the EIROFs, ranging from 1% to 8% of the capacity immediately after activation or deposition. The EIROFs were deposited and evaluated on silicon microprobe electrodes and on metallized polyimide electrodes being developed for neural recording and stimulation applications.
2. Phân tích thiết kế hệ thống: + Xác định mục đích, phạm vi bài toán + Xác định hệ thống các chứ... more 2. Phân tích thiết kế hệ thống: + Xác định mục đích, phạm vi bài toán + Xác định hệ thống các chức năng của hệ thống + Xác định dữ liệu của bài toán -liệt kê các trường dữ liệu, liệt kê các thực thể, bảng dữ liệu + Sơ đồ mức khung cảnh -tên hệ thống, các tác nhân + Sơ đồ luồng dữ liệu mức đỉnh. + Các sơ đồ luồng dữ liệu Tham khảo tài liệu của Nguyễn Văn Ba 3.
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