Papers by Laurie Gottlieb
Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive, 2016
PubMed, Jun 1, 2012
, several London newspapers, including the Independent and the Guardian, reported the findings of... more , several London newspapers, including the Independent and the Guardian, reported the findings of the British National Confidential Enquiry Into Patient Outcomes and Death (NCEPOD) concerning the deaths of acutely ill patients who had a cardiac arrest while in hospital. The Independent focused on that part of the report dealing with the general assessment of warning signs prior to cardiac arrest, the Guardian on that part dealing with the appropriateness of resuscitation. The Independent (Edgar, 2012) reported that the inquiry found that more than 38% of the cardiac arrests could have been avoided if the junior physicians had assessed the situation and responded in a timely manner, that warning signs were not picked up in 35% of the patients, that these were not acted upon in 56%, and that junior doctors had not communicated with senior doctors in 55%. According to the Independent, the inquiry laid the blame on lack of skill among junior doctors and lack of communication between junior and senior doctors. The Guardian (Boseley, 2012), in contrast, focused on the finding that, of the acutely ill patients who had a cardiac arrest-many of whom were nearing the end of their lives-less than a third (29%) did not receive
PubMed, 1995
Problem: The relationship between mothers' different mood states and dimensions of support; the i... more Problem: The relationship between mothers' different mood states and dimensions of support; the influence of antepartum and postpartum support on mood states as a function of stress and time. Subjects: Married mothers (N = 50) expecting a second child when their firstborn was between 28-54 months old; 90% Caucasian; ages 24-40 years. Average education: 13 years. Method: A short-term longitudinal correlational study to determine second-time mothers' moods relative to dimensions of support, stress, and timing of support. Instruments used: Profile of Mood States, Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, Situation-Specific Support Scale, and the Crockenberg Stress Checklist. Findings: Depressed, angry, and/or tired mothers reported inappropriate amounts of support and dissatisfaction with support received. Conclusions & implications for nursing: Different types of support serve different functions before and after birth. Support must "fit" mothers' needs and is most effective if given when needed because of the limited "carry over" effect. Listening carefully to mothers describe their feelings enables nurses to determine support wanted or needed.
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 1990
This study asked how parental support influences firstborns' adjustment to and involvement with a... more This study asked how parental support influences firstborns' adjustment to and involvement with a new sibling. Fifty families with firstborn daughters (26-55 months old) were visited at home 6 to 10 weeks before and 5 to 6 weeks after the sibling's birth. During both visits, the mother reported on her firstborn's adjustment. Firstborn's involvement with the sibling was observed during the infant's bathtime. Mothers and fathers were also interviewed 4 to 8 weeks before and 3 weeks after the birth to report on the support they gave to their firstborn. Prenatal maternal support intemcted with firstborns' level of prenatal distress to predict postnatal distress: Prenatally high-distress firstborns whose mothers provided little prenatal or postnatal support were the most distressed firstborns after the sibling's birth. Prenatal paternal support did not predict firstborns' postnatal distress, but postnatal paternal support did. Prenatally low-distressed firstborns who received high support were least distressed. Thus, firstborns' postnatal distress was related to support from mothers before and to support from fathers after the sibling's birth. Moreover, parent support prenatally was most effective in reducing postnatal distress in prenatally high-distress firstborns, whereas parent support given postnatalty was most effective in containing postnatal distress particularly for prenatally low-distress firstborns. Firstborns' involvement with the infant was associated with corresponding types of parental support, particularly that provided during the postnatal period. The results suggest that parental support has a differential effect on distress and involvement. In some cases, parental support appears to promote adjustment and, in other cases, parental support appears to be shoped by the firstborn's needs. Several studies have systematically explored the nature of early sibling interactions (e.g.,
Death Studies, 1996
This follow-up study examined how bereaved couples' grief reactions change over time and ... more This follow-up study examined how bereaved couples' grief reactions change over time and how the quality of the marriage can predict these reactions for men and women. A group of 31 bereaved couples who 2 to 4 years earlier had lost an infant ( greater than 20 weeks gestation and less than 1 year of age) were revisited in their home 24 months after the initial home visit. With the exception of somatization, couples' grief reactions were less intense at follow-up than at the initial visit. Overall, husbands experienced less guilt, meaninglessness, yearning, and morbid fear than wives. Both husbands and wives who reported lower levels of marital intimacy soon after the loss experienced more intense grief at follow-up. Finally, couples continued to be vulnerable to a resurgence of grief even years later.
Omega - Journal Of Death And Dying, 1996
This follow-up study examined how marital intimacy changes over time in bereaved couples and how ... more This follow-up study examined how marital intimacy changes over time in bereaved couples and how their marriages are affected by the death of their infant. A group of thirty-one bereaved couples who two to four years earlier had lost an infant (> 20 weeks gestation and c 1 year of age) were revisited in their home twenty-four months after the initial home visit. Couples did report a significant drop in sexual intimacy at follow-up compared to before the loss and at the initial home visit. Moreover, wives reported less emotional intimacy overall, than did their husbands. In contrast to wives whose own initial grief responses predicted their feelings about their marriages two years later, intensity of husband's initial grief response did not affect their relationship with their wives but, rather a more powerful predictor was their wives' initial reactions, the early state of their marriage (whether they had considered separating), and whether or not they had warning of the impending death. Finally, there is some evidence that women are affected in part, by their husbands' grief.
Death Studies, May 1, 1993
Professor Rhonda Arnsel for her time, and invaluable assistance with the statistical analyses. Th... more Professor Rhonda Arnsel for her time, and invaluable assistance with the statistical analyses. This study would not have been possible without the help of the nurses who made the initial contact with the bereaved families. l extend my sincerest appreciation to
Predictors of the duration of breastfeeding among first-time mothers
Research in Nursing & Health, Oct 1, 2008
PubMed, 1995
A variety of challenges confront clinicians and researchers involved in developing and testing nu... more A variety of challenges confront clinicians and researchers involved in developing and testing nursing interventions or programs for children and their families. Many of these challenges relate to the issues of change and timing. This paper discusses some of the critical questions that must be considered when designing and evaluating interventions with this particular population. Issues are illustrated with examples from a study that tested the effectiveness of a nursing intervention (based on the McGill Model of Nursing) in improving the psychosocial adjustment of chronically ill children. The authors propose that careful consideration of these questions will improve the design of intervention studies, the evaluation of their outcomes, as well as contribute to the development of our knowledge in this domain.
PubMed, 1996
This study sought to understand why and how the psychosocial adjustment of children between the a... more This study sought to understand why and how the psychosocial adjustment of children between the ages of four and 16 with a chronic illness was improved by a year-long nursing trial (1990-1991), guided by the McGill Model of Nursing. We examined the characteristics of children whose adjustment improved (improvers), who remained within the normal range (adjusted), and who deteriorated (clinical rangers). Improvers and clinical rangers presented with similar characteristics, and a profile analysis was conducted to understand why one group improved while the other did not. Four pathways leading to improvement were identified. The effectiveness of the nursing appeared to be related to engagement with the nurse and to features of the nursing.
PubMed, Mar 1, 1999
A variety of challenges confront clinicians and researchers involved in developing and testing nu... more A variety of challenges confront clinicians and researchers involved in developing and testing nursing interventions or programs for children and their families. Many of these challenges relate to the issues of change and timing. This paper discusses some of the critical questions that must be considered when designing and evaluating interventions with this particular population. Issues are illustrated with examples from a study that tested the effectiveness of a nursing intervention (based on the McGill Model of Nursing) in improving the psychosocial adjustment of chronically ill children. The authors propose that careful consideration of these questions will improve the design of intervention studies and the evaluation of their outcomes, as well as contribute to the development of our knowledge in this domain.
PubMed, 1998
This paper describes 3 classification systems developed from a study of the effectiveness of a nu... more This paper describes 3 classification systems developed from a study of the effectiveness of a nursing intervention in improving the psychosocial adjustment of children with a chronic illness. The study nurses' documentation of the nursing care provided to the 163 participating families was content analyzed. Systems were developed to classify the types of: (a) health concerns or issues that were the focus of the nursing, (b) actions the nurses used to help families achieve their goals, and (c) outcomes observed by the nurses. These classification systems have furthered our understanding of the McGill Model of Nursing, and they describe the scope of nursing practice based on this nursing perspective with a particular population (families who have a child with a chronic illness). These systems could be used to describe and measure nursing practice with this and other groups of clients.
PubMed, Feb 1, 2005
This prospective study examined how characteristics of infants (i.e., birth weight and perinatal ... more This prospective study examined how characteristics of infants (i.e., birth weight and perinatal illness severity), mothers (i.e., anxiety and level of education), and the social context (i.e., maternal received and perceived helpfulness of support) related to mother-very low birth weight (VLBW) infant interaction in 72 dyads. Infant, mother, and contextual factors were assessed at 3 and 9 months of age, and mothers and infants were observed in teaching interactions at 9 months. Dyads whose interaction was more sensitive and responsive included mothers who were better educated and less anxious at 3 months and reported higher perceived support at 3 months. The findings highlight the importance of maternal education and well-being in the parenting of VLBW infants.
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, Nov 1, 2007
, as well as the quality of interaction with their infant of both mothers and fathers of very-low... more , as well as the quality of interaction with their infant of both mothers and fathers of very-low-birthweight infants at two points in time in the first year of their infant's life. Design: Quantitative, longitudinal design. Participants: 61 couples who had an infant born weighing less than 1500 grams. Main outcome measures: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Parenting Sense of Competence questionnaire, and the Support in Parenting Questionnaire were completed at 3 and 9 months of age. Parent-infant interaction was observed at 9 months and scored with the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale. Results: Fathers' reported parenting self-efficacy was significantly lower than mothers' at both 3 and 9 months of age. Fathers reported more received support than mothers, and the amount of support that both mothers and fathers reported that they received increased significantly from the 3 to the 9-month assessment. Mothers and fathers reported similar levels of anxiety and perceived helpfulness of the support they received, and were equally sensitive and responsive in interactions with their infant at 9 months of age. Conclusion: Similarities as well as differences between mothers and fathers were observed. It would be important for nurses to assess mothers and fathers, how any differences are perceived by the couple and how any differences might be affecting them.
Journal of Family Nursing, Feb 1, 2000
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in shifting the focus of clinical practice... more In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in shifting the focus of clinical practice with families from a deficit to a strengths-based perspective. The concept of individual and family strengths is a central concept of the McGill Model of Nursing, yet there has been little description of the construct and how it can be used in practice. Through an examination of the practice of expert nurses and the approaches used in the assessment of families’ strengths and resources, planning and intervention were elucidated. This article describes how clinicians can identify and provide feedback concerning strengths, identify resources, and help families develop and call forth strengths, mobilize and use resources, and regulate the input of these resources.
Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive, Mar 15, 2009
Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive, Apr 13, 1994
Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive, Apr 13, 1992
Infant Behavior & Development, Apr 1, 1986
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Papers by Laurie Gottlieb