Kadir Kon
Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Kadir Kon
Marmara Üniversitesi
Ortadoğu ve İslam Ülkeleri Araştırmaları Enstitüsü
Address: Marmara Üniversitesi Ortadoğu ve İslam Ülkeleri Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, Göztepe Kampüsü, İstanbul Türkiye
Marmara Üniversitesi
Ortadoğu ve İslam Ülkeleri Araştırmaları Enstitüsü
Address: Marmara Üniversitesi Ortadoğu ve İslam Ülkeleri Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, Göztepe Kampüsü, İstanbul Türkiye
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Abstract
This article discusses the events surrounding a book draft submitted to the Porte by Ger-
man journalist Dr. Julius Grosser in 1895. The draft, which was written in French and
was essentially intended as blackmail, makes heavy accusations against the “Hamidian
Oppenheim, one of the architects of Germany’s pan-Islamist strategy
during the World War I, sent to Enver Pasha in October 1914. It appears
from the letter which was found in the archive of the Turkish Historical
Society that Max von Oppenheim knew Enver Pasha since the latter’s
years as a military attaché in Berlin between 1909 and 1911. Furthermore,
some names mentioned in the letter attest to the strong relations that
Enver Pasha established during his Berlin times and that he retained his old
network of relations in Germany even after his ascendance to power in the
Ottoman capital to consolidate his position. For example, the pasha’s
relationship with Friedrich Sarre and his wife Marie Sarre began in his
Berlin years, continued after his rise to prominence and provided him a
shelter during his “voluntary exile” after 1918. Also, Enver Pasha’s friendly
relationship with Hans Humann, Marie Sarre’s brother, which the former
used to maintain the Germano-Ottoman alliance should be noted too.
Moreover, another document from the German archives used in this
article for the first time shows that Humann who worked as Germany’s
naval attaché in Istanbul between 1914-1917, contributed significantly to
the publication of Enver Pasha’s diaries regarding the Tripolitalan War for
propaganda purposes in Germany. In the main, this article examines the
content and the context of Oppenheim’s above mentioned and previously
unknown letter to Enver Pasha which will potentially bring a new
dimension to the existing scholarship on the late Ottoman Empire. Since
this letter does not only testify to the close relationship between the two
men but also provides insights into the pan-Islamist policies adopted
during the war by the Germano-Ottoman side, this article investigates the
letter’s context from as many aspects as possible.
Abstract
This article discusses the events surrounding a book draft submitted to the Porte by Ger-
man journalist Dr. Julius Grosser in 1895. The draft, which was written in French and
was essentially intended as blackmail, makes heavy accusations against the “Hamidian
Oppenheim, one of the architects of Germany’s pan-Islamist strategy
during the World War I, sent to Enver Pasha in October 1914. It appears
from the letter which was found in the archive of the Turkish Historical
Society that Max von Oppenheim knew Enver Pasha since the latter’s
years as a military attaché in Berlin between 1909 and 1911. Furthermore,
some names mentioned in the letter attest to the strong relations that
Enver Pasha established during his Berlin times and that he retained his old
network of relations in Germany even after his ascendance to power in the
Ottoman capital to consolidate his position. For example, the pasha’s
relationship with Friedrich Sarre and his wife Marie Sarre began in his
Berlin years, continued after his rise to prominence and provided him a
shelter during his “voluntary exile” after 1918. Also, Enver Pasha’s friendly
relationship with Hans Humann, Marie Sarre’s brother, which the former
used to maintain the Germano-Ottoman alliance should be noted too.
Moreover, another document from the German archives used in this
article for the first time shows that Humann who worked as Germany’s
naval attaché in Istanbul between 1914-1917, contributed significantly to
the publication of Enver Pasha’s diaries regarding the Tripolitalan War for
propaganda purposes in Germany. In the main, this article examines the
content and the context of Oppenheim’s above mentioned and previously
unknown letter to Enver Pasha which will potentially bring a new
dimension to the existing scholarship on the late Ottoman Empire. Since
this letter does not only testify to the close relationship between the two
men but also provides insights into the pan-Islamist policies adopted
during the war by the Germano-Ottoman side, this article investigates the
letter’s context from as many aspects as possible.