International journal of higher education, Sep 22, 2015
A survey research was conducted to examine pre-service teachers' Technological Pedagogical Conten... more A survey research was conducted to examine pre-service teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and how it differs based on a variety of characteristics (i.e. gender, grade level, type of high school graduated, possession of different technologies etc.). The participants of the study included 142 preservice teachers from Computer Education and
Addicta : the turkish journal on addictions, Aug 20, 2018
Technology today has become a tool that takes place in countless areas of our lives and has users... more Technology today has become a tool that takes place in countless areas of our lives and has users of all ages. Students, especially during adolescence, have been using technology intensely in recent years. The purpose of this research is to determine according to adolescents' demographic characteristics the states of differentiation between their cognitive absorption levels (a socio-psychological variable) and cyberloafing activities they do during class or while studying. The research has been conducted in this direction with a total of 527 students (241 girls and 286 boys) being educated in 6 state schools in Istanbul during the 2016-2017 school year. This study, which uses the relational screening model, employs the Cognitive Acquisition Scale, Cyberloafing Activities Scale, and a personal information form as data collection tools. The study intends to be able to investigate the effect of multiple independent variables on multiple dependent variables by examining the participants' demographic characteristics through the results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Examining the research results shows a significant difference to exist for the levels of cyberloafing activities with cognitive absorption in accordance with the interaction of the variables of computer/smartphone devices. However, as no significant difference was able to be found in the levels of cognitive absorption and cyberloafing according to the interactions of the variables of gender and grade or daily Internet use and parental restrictions, each variable has been examined separately using the independent group t-test and one-way ANOVA testing. The study is also original in that it aims at detecting adolescent students' levels of cognitive absorption, investigating its effect on cyberloafing, and develops suggestions in line with this for resolving the current in-class problems. The result of the obtained findings will guide researchers, teachers, school administrators, and parents on the topic of what can be done to reduce adolescents' levels of cyberloafing activities and cognitive absorption.
A correlational study was conducted to examine the relationship between high school administrator... more A correlational study was conducted to examine the relationship between high school administrators' technology leadership self-efficacies and their attitudes and competencies towards technology use in education. The participants were 338 school administrators (67 administrators and 271 vice administrators) working in 112 high schools located in the Anatolian side of Istanbul and the data were collected through a questionnaire. According to the findings, the school administrators' technology leadership self-efficacies were all sufficient and they had positive attitudes and sufficient competencies towards using technology. In addition, there were positive relationships between school administrators' technology leadership self-efficacies, their attitudes towards the use of technology and their competencies in using technology in education. Similarly, there was a positive relationship between the attitudes and the competencies of school administrators towards using technology. Conducted with a group of school administrators, accepted as the technology leaders of the school, this study sheds light on the relationship between the necessary school administrator characteristics in technology integration processes. The present study is indeed valuable in exploring the relationship among these three critical factors influencing the school principals' effectiveness in the technology integration process. Examining these important school administrator characteristics, this study will cast light on the ways through which creating a digital school culture by improving their leadership qualifications may become possible.
In this study, a three phase Sequential Mixed Method Design was utilized to test a research based... more In this study, a three phase Sequential Mixed Method Design was utilized to test a research based model explaining the relationships between technology integration and the factors affecting it. In the first phase, interviews were conducted with 20 elementary school teachers to identify the most common factors affecting elementary teachers’ use of technologies. The qualitative findings then guided the development of a survey instrument in the second phase. In the last phase, this survey was administered to 1080 classroom teachers in Ankara. In this phase, a path analytical approach was utilized to investigate the direct and indirect effects of teaching experience, computer use in years, principal support, colleague support, technology competency, teachers’ attitude and belief towards using technology and lack of time on technology integration to elementary school settings. Our findings indicated that technology integration is a complex process affected by many factors and these facto...
Başvuru Tarihi: 16.08.2017 Yayına Kabul Tarihi: 04.11.2017 DOI:10.21764/maeuefd.334953 Abstract: ... more Başvuru Tarihi: 16.08.2017 Yayına Kabul Tarihi: 04.11.2017 DOI:10.21764/maeuefd.334953 Abstract: A correlational research study was conducted to determine university students’ Internet addiction levels and how it is associated to the students’ daily smartphone usage. The participants of the study involved 298 university students in a state university in Istanbul, Turkey. The study results indicated that most of the participant students (43%) belong to the non-addicted group, while 26.8% of the students were addicted to the Internet and 30% of them were risky students, who have a potential to be addicted to the Internet. The results indicated that the university students’ Internet addiction scores significantly differed with respect to the frequency of their daily mobile phone checking and gender, as male students have higher Internet addiction scores than females. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between university students’ Internet addiction scores and their daily sma...
Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 2011
In the present study, the perceptions of two important stakeholder groups (teachers and students)... more In the present study, the perceptions of two important stakeholder groups (teachers and students) were examined at the same time to have an insight about the current state of technology use in an elementary school in Ankara. The participants of this study included 35 elementary school teachers and 81 students, and the data were collected through two different questionnaires for teachers and students. The results of the study indicated that both teachers and students have positive perceptions about the value of technologies in educational settings. Teachers’ most frequently used technologies were computer and internet and they used these technologies mostly for class preparation activities. A majority of teachers have low competency levels for computer use and the most important barrier to their technology use was their lack of technology related knowledge and skills. Looking from both teachers’ and students’ perspectives, the results of this study would provide valuable insights abo...
... Soner YILDIRIM Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technology Middle East Te... more ... Soner YILDIRIM Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technology Middle East Technical University Ankara-TURKEY [email protected] Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate whether computers should be used in early childhood education. ...
e-International Journal of Educational Research, 2017
Bu calismada sosyal aglarin akilli telefonlar uzerinden kullanim amaclarina yonelik bir olcek gel... more Bu calismada sosyal aglarin akilli telefonlar uzerinden kullanim amaclarina yonelik bir olcek gelistirilmistir. Gelistirilen olcegin orneklem grubunu Istanbul’da bulunan bir meslek lisesi ogrencileri olusturmaktadir. Olcegin gelistirilmesinde alanyazin kaynaklari ve ogrencilere yoneltilen acik uclu sorulardan elde edilen verilerle, uzman gorusu ve katilimcilarla yapilan bilissel gorusmelerden faydalanilmistir. Pilot uygulama kapsaminda 201 ogrenciye olcek uygulanmis, elde edilen veriler “acimlayici faktor analizi” ile degerlendirilmistir. Faktor analizi sonucunda gelistirilen olcek 25 maddeden olusmus olup, 5 faktorlu bir yapi ortaya cikmistir: (1) bilgi edinme, (2) problem cozme, (3) sosyal iletisim, (4) siradan iletisim, (5) paylasim ve eglence. Lise ogrencilerinin gunluk sosyal medya kullanim amaclari hakkinda bilgi toplamayi amaclayan bu olcek, ogretmen, egitim kurumlari ve de sosyal ag gelistiricilerine sosyal aglarin egitim ortamlarinda daha etkin bir sekilde kullanabilmeleri ...
Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019
Ortaogretim kurumu ogretmenlerinin Web 2.0 uygulamalarini ne siklikta ve ogretim sureclerinde han... more Ortaogretim kurumu ogretmenlerinin Web 2.0 uygulamalarini ne siklikta ve ogretim sureclerinde hangi amaclar dogrultusunda kullandiklarinin incelenmesi amaciyla gerceklestirilen bu calismada arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilmis olan tarama turu anket ile ortaogretim kurumlarinda gorev yapmakta olan toplam 168 ogretmenden veriler toplanmistir. Calisma sonuclari incelendiginde Sosyal Aglar ve Video Paylasim Siteleri ogretmenler tarafindan en cok haberdar olunan, kullanilan ve ogretmenlerin kendilerini en yeterli gordukleri Web 2.0 uygulamalari olurken, Podcast ve RSS ‘in en az kullanilan uygulamalar olduklari bulgusuna ulasilmistir. Ayrica, calisma sonuclarina gore Web 2.0 uygulamalarinin en cok iletisim, derslerle ilgili arastirma yapmak ya da dersleri destekleyici kaynak materyallere erismek amaci ile kullanildiklari gorulmektedir. Calisma sonuclari Web 2.0 araclarinin egitim ortamlarinda etkili bir sekilde kullanilmasi icin neler yapilmasi ve hangi tedbirlerin alinmasi gerektigi konusunda yol gosterici olacaktir.
Günümüzde sosyal ağlar yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Sosyal ağların kullanımı bireylerin i... more Günümüzde sosyal ağlar yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Sosyal ağların kullanımı bireylerin iletişim olanaklarını geliştirip hayatlarına katkı sağlasa da teknolojinin aşırı kullanımı giderek artan bir bağımlılık problemini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilimsel bağımlılık belirtilerini kapsayan geçerli ve güvenilir bir Sosyal Ağ Bağımlılığı Ölçeği'nin (SABÖ) geliştirilmesidir. Geliştirilen geçerli ve güvenilir Türkçe bir ölçme aracı sayesinde sosyal ağların toplum içinde problemli kullanımı ortaya konabilecek ve bireyler sosyal ağ bağımlılığı hakkında farkındalık kazanabilecektir. Çalışmanın 285 katılımcısı mevcuttur. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu üniversite öğrencisi ve mezunudur (n=267). İlgili alanyazın taraması sonucunda diğer bağımlılık türlerinde de yer alan dikkat çekme, duygu durum değişikliği, tolerans, geri çekilme belirtileri, çatışma ve nüks etme, sosyal ağ bağımlılığının ana bileşenleri olarak kabul edilmiştir. SABÖ'de yer alan 37 madde ile Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda uygun olmayan 11 madde silindikten sonra toplam varyansın % 63.6' sını açıklayan, 26 madde ve beş faktörden oluşan SABÖ'nün son hâli elde edilmiştir. SABÖ'nün iç tutarlılık değerleri ölçeğin bütünü ve alt faktörler için .87 ile .95 değerleri arasında; maddelerin madde toplam korelasyonlarının .46 ile .74 değerleri arasında değiştiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ile elde edilen modelin uyum indeksleri incelenmiş ve Ki-kare değerinin (χ 2 =601.849, df=286, p=0.00) manidar olduğu görülmüştür.
A three phase Sequential Mixed Method Design was utilized to propose and test a research-based mo... more A three phase Sequential Mixed Method Design was utilized to propose and test a research-based model explaining the relationships between technology integration in Elementary Schools and a defined set of teacher and school-related factors. In the first phase, interviews were conducted with 20 elementary school teachers to identify critical factors influencing their technology use. The qualitative findings guided the development of a survey instrument in the second phase. In the final phase, the survey was administered to 1030 classroom teachers in eight districts of Ankara, Turkey. The direct and indirect effects of these factors on technology integration were explored. Factors included years of teaching experience, years of computer use, principal support, colleague support, technology competency, attitudes and beliefs toward using technology, and lack of time. The model showed technology integration as a complex process involving many interrelated factors, with particular importance placed on competency, support, experience, and attitudes. This comprehensive model of technology integration in elementary schools will be especially useful for practitioners and researchers in developing countries as they face the challenge of adapting instructional technologies in their frequently evolving curriculums and education systems.
Exploring the Effects of the Implementation of the Heuristic Professional Learning Modelling Prin... more Exploring the Effects of the Implementation of the Heuristic Professional Learning Modelling Principles on ... Material Infrastructure Most of computers worked without problem and all of them were ... trainees' many behaviors refer to this category, these are; offering strategy to trainer ...
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
Abstract: It has become a great concern about how children may be affected and how teachers shoul... more Abstract: It has become a great concern about how children may be affected and how teachers should use computers in their classroom activities effectively with the increased role of computers in early childhood children's learning. It is important to consider how it can be used more ...
International journal of higher education, Sep 22, 2015
A survey research was conducted to examine pre-service teachers' Technological Pedagogical Conten... more A survey research was conducted to examine pre-service teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and how it differs based on a variety of characteristics (i.e. gender, grade level, type of high school graduated, possession of different technologies etc.). The participants of the study included 142 preservice teachers from Computer Education and
Addicta : the turkish journal on addictions, Aug 20, 2018
Technology today has become a tool that takes place in countless areas of our lives and has users... more Technology today has become a tool that takes place in countless areas of our lives and has users of all ages. Students, especially during adolescence, have been using technology intensely in recent years. The purpose of this research is to determine according to adolescents' demographic characteristics the states of differentiation between their cognitive absorption levels (a socio-psychological variable) and cyberloafing activities they do during class or while studying. The research has been conducted in this direction with a total of 527 students (241 girls and 286 boys) being educated in 6 state schools in Istanbul during the 2016-2017 school year. This study, which uses the relational screening model, employs the Cognitive Acquisition Scale, Cyberloafing Activities Scale, and a personal information form as data collection tools. The study intends to be able to investigate the effect of multiple independent variables on multiple dependent variables by examining the participants' demographic characteristics through the results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Examining the research results shows a significant difference to exist for the levels of cyberloafing activities with cognitive absorption in accordance with the interaction of the variables of computer/smartphone devices. However, as no significant difference was able to be found in the levels of cognitive absorption and cyberloafing according to the interactions of the variables of gender and grade or daily Internet use and parental restrictions, each variable has been examined separately using the independent group t-test and one-way ANOVA testing. The study is also original in that it aims at detecting adolescent students' levels of cognitive absorption, investigating its effect on cyberloafing, and develops suggestions in line with this for resolving the current in-class problems. The result of the obtained findings will guide researchers, teachers, school administrators, and parents on the topic of what can be done to reduce adolescents' levels of cyberloafing activities and cognitive absorption.
A correlational study was conducted to examine the relationship between high school administrator... more A correlational study was conducted to examine the relationship between high school administrators' technology leadership self-efficacies and their attitudes and competencies towards technology use in education. The participants were 338 school administrators (67 administrators and 271 vice administrators) working in 112 high schools located in the Anatolian side of Istanbul and the data were collected through a questionnaire. According to the findings, the school administrators' technology leadership self-efficacies were all sufficient and they had positive attitudes and sufficient competencies towards using technology. In addition, there were positive relationships between school administrators' technology leadership self-efficacies, their attitudes towards the use of technology and their competencies in using technology in education. Similarly, there was a positive relationship between the attitudes and the competencies of school administrators towards using technology. Conducted with a group of school administrators, accepted as the technology leaders of the school, this study sheds light on the relationship between the necessary school administrator characteristics in technology integration processes. The present study is indeed valuable in exploring the relationship among these three critical factors influencing the school principals' effectiveness in the technology integration process. Examining these important school administrator characteristics, this study will cast light on the ways through which creating a digital school culture by improving their leadership qualifications may become possible.
In this study, a three phase Sequential Mixed Method Design was utilized to test a research based... more In this study, a three phase Sequential Mixed Method Design was utilized to test a research based model explaining the relationships between technology integration and the factors affecting it. In the first phase, interviews were conducted with 20 elementary school teachers to identify the most common factors affecting elementary teachers’ use of technologies. The qualitative findings then guided the development of a survey instrument in the second phase. In the last phase, this survey was administered to 1080 classroom teachers in Ankara. In this phase, a path analytical approach was utilized to investigate the direct and indirect effects of teaching experience, computer use in years, principal support, colleague support, technology competency, teachers’ attitude and belief towards using technology and lack of time on technology integration to elementary school settings. Our findings indicated that technology integration is a complex process affected by many factors and these facto...
Başvuru Tarihi: 16.08.2017 Yayına Kabul Tarihi: 04.11.2017 DOI:10.21764/maeuefd.334953 Abstract: ... more Başvuru Tarihi: 16.08.2017 Yayına Kabul Tarihi: 04.11.2017 DOI:10.21764/maeuefd.334953 Abstract: A correlational research study was conducted to determine university students’ Internet addiction levels and how it is associated to the students’ daily smartphone usage. The participants of the study involved 298 university students in a state university in Istanbul, Turkey. The study results indicated that most of the participant students (43%) belong to the non-addicted group, while 26.8% of the students were addicted to the Internet and 30% of them were risky students, who have a potential to be addicted to the Internet. The results indicated that the university students’ Internet addiction scores significantly differed with respect to the frequency of their daily mobile phone checking and gender, as male students have higher Internet addiction scores than females. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between university students’ Internet addiction scores and their daily sma...
Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 2011
In the present study, the perceptions of two important stakeholder groups (teachers and students)... more In the present study, the perceptions of two important stakeholder groups (teachers and students) were examined at the same time to have an insight about the current state of technology use in an elementary school in Ankara. The participants of this study included 35 elementary school teachers and 81 students, and the data were collected through two different questionnaires for teachers and students. The results of the study indicated that both teachers and students have positive perceptions about the value of technologies in educational settings. Teachers’ most frequently used technologies were computer and internet and they used these technologies mostly for class preparation activities. A majority of teachers have low competency levels for computer use and the most important barrier to their technology use was their lack of technology related knowledge and skills. Looking from both teachers’ and students’ perspectives, the results of this study would provide valuable insights abo...
... Soner YILDIRIM Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technology Middle East Te... more ... Soner YILDIRIM Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technology Middle East Technical University Ankara-TURKEY [email protected] Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate whether computers should be used in early childhood education. ...
e-International Journal of Educational Research, 2017
Bu calismada sosyal aglarin akilli telefonlar uzerinden kullanim amaclarina yonelik bir olcek gel... more Bu calismada sosyal aglarin akilli telefonlar uzerinden kullanim amaclarina yonelik bir olcek gelistirilmistir. Gelistirilen olcegin orneklem grubunu Istanbul’da bulunan bir meslek lisesi ogrencileri olusturmaktadir. Olcegin gelistirilmesinde alanyazin kaynaklari ve ogrencilere yoneltilen acik uclu sorulardan elde edilen verilerle, uzman gorusu ve katilimcilarla yapilan bilissel gorusmelerden faydalanilmistir. Pilot uygulama kapsaminda 201 ogrenciye olcek uygulanmis, elde edilen veriler “acimlayici faktor analizi” ile degerlendirilmistir. Faktor analizi sonucunda gelistirilen olcek 25 maddeden olusmus olup, 5 faktorlu bir yapi ortaya cikmistir: (1) bilgi edinme, (2) problem cozme, (3) sosyal iletisim, (4) siradan iletisim, (5) paylasim ve eglence. Lise ogrencilerinin gunluk sosyal medya kullanim amaclari hakkinda bilgi toplamayi amaclayan bu olcek, ogretmen, egitim kurumlari ve de sosyal ag gelistiricilerine sosyal aglarin egitim ortamlarinda daha etkin bir sekilde kullanabilmeleri ...
Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019
Ortaogretim kurumu ogretmenlerinin Web 2.0 uygulamalarini ne siklikta ve ogretim sureclerinde han... more Ortaogretim kurumu ogretmenlerinin Web 2.0 uygulamalarini ne siklikta ve ogretim sureclerinde hangi amaclar dogrultusunda kullandiklarinin incelenmesi amaciyla gerceklestirilen bu calismada arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilmis olan tarama turu anket ile ortaogretim kurumlarinda gorev yapmakta olan toplam 168 ogretmenden veriler toplanmistir. Calisma sonuclari incelendiginde Sosyal Aglar ve Video Paylasim Siteleri ogretmenler tarafindan en cok haberdar olunan, kullanilan ve ogretmenlerin kendilerini en yeterli gordukleri Web 2.0 uygulamalari olurken, Podcast ve RSS ‘in en az kullanilan uygulamalar olduklari bulgusuna ulasilmistir. Ayrica, calisma sonuclarina gore Web 2.0 uygulamalarinin en cok iletisim, derslerle ilgili arastirma yapmak ya da dersleri destekleyici kaynak materyallere erismek amaci ile kullanildiklari gorulmektedir. Calisma sonuclari Web 2.0 araclarinin egitim ortamlarinda etkili bir sekilde kullanilmasi icin neler yapilmasi ve hangi tedbirlerin alinmasi gerektigi konusunda yol gosterici olacaktir.
Günümüzde sosyal ağlar yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Sosyal ağların kullanımı bireylerin i... more Günümüzde sosyal ağlar yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Sosyal ağların kullanımı bireylerin iletişim olanaklarını geliştirip hayatlarına katkı sağlasa da teknolojinin aşırı kullanımı giderek artan bir bağımlılık problemini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilimsel bağımlılık belirtilerini kapsayan geçerli ve güvenilir bir Sosyal Ağ Bağımlılığı Ölçeği'nin (SABÖ) geliştirilmesidir. Geliştirilen geçerli ve güvenilir Türkçe bir ölçme aracı sayesinde sosyal ağların toplum içinde problemli kullanımı ortaya konabilecek ve bireyler sosyal ağ bağımlılığı hakkında farkındalık kazanabilecektir. Çalışmanın 285 katılımcısı mevcuttur. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu üniversite öğrencisi ve mezunudur (n=267). İlgili alanyazın taraması sonucunda diğer bağımlılık türlerinde de yer alan dikkat çekme, duygu durum değişikliği, tolerans, geri çekilme belirtileri, çatışma ve nüks etme, sosyal ağ bağımlılığının ana bileşenleri olarak kabul edilmiştir. SABÖ'de yer alan 37 madde ile Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda uygun olmayan 11 madde silindikten sonra toplam varyansın % 63.6' sını açıklayan, 26 madde ve beş faktörden oluşan SABÖ'nün son hâli elde edilmiştir. SABÖ'nün iç tutarlılık değerleri ölçeğin bütünü ve alt faktörler için .87 ile .95 değerleri arasında; maddelerin madde toplam korelasyonlarının .46 ile .74 değerleri arasında değiştiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ile elde edilen modelin uyum indeksleri incelenmiş ve Ki-kare değerinin (χ 2 =601.849, df=286, p=0.00) manidar olduğu görülmüştür.
A three phase Sequential Mixed Method Design was utilized to propose and test a research-based mo... more A three phase Sequential Mixed Method Design was utilized to propose and test a research-based model explaining the relationships between technology integration in Elementary Schools and a defined set of teacher and school-related factors. In the first phase, interviews were conducted with 20 elementary school teachers to identify critical factors influencing their technology use. The qualitative findings guided the development of a survey instrument in the second phase. In the final phase, the survey was administered to 1030 classroom teachers in eight districts of Ankara, Turkey. The direct and indirect effects of these factors on technology integration were explored. Factors included years of teaching experience, years of computer use, principal support, colleague support, technology competency, attitudes and beliefs toward using technology, and lack of time. The model showed technology integration as a complex process involving many interrelated factors, with particular importance placed on competency, support, experience, and attitudes. This comprehensive model of technology integration in elementary schools will be especially useful for practitioners and researchers in developing countries as they face the challenge of adapting instructional technologies in their frequently evolving curriculums and education systems.
Exploring the Effects of the Implementation of the Heuristic Professional Learning Modelling Prin... more Exploring the Effects of the Implementation of the Heuristic Professional Learning Modelling Principles on ... Material Infrastructure Most of computers worked without problem and all of them were ... trainees' many behaviors refer to this category, these are; offering strategy to trainer ...
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
Abstract: It has become a great concern about how children may be affected and how teachers shoul... more Abstract: It has become a great concern about how children may be affected and how teachers should use computers in their classroom activities effectively with the increased role of computers in early childhood children's learning. It is important to consider how it can be used more ...
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