Papers by PooBalan Ganesan
Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials, 2017
© 2017 Scrivener Publishing LLC. Agricultural waste biomass is present in a large quantity in mos... more © 2017 Scrivener Publishing LLC. Agricultural waste biomass is present in a large quantity in most of the countries have considered to be a suitable material for many applications because of their abundance, degradability and low cost. Agricultural wastes have been successfully converted into bio char by means of pyrolysis or other thermochemical conversion techniques. The bio char obtained from agricultural wastes are highly porous and thus are very useful in the adsorption applications. Moving one step ahead these bio char materials have been doped with magnetic medium to convert them in magnetic bio char as mmagnetic separation technology is an efficient technology for the separation of magnetic materials which is used for many applications in environmental technology, analytical chemistry and mining, medicine, diagnostics and cell biology. These magnetic bio char materials, with the combination of high porosity along with optimized magnetic properties have been successfully utilized in the adsorption of heavy metals, various organic and inorganic chemicals including phenol, tetracycline etc. The major advantage of magnetic bio char is that the magnetic bio char even with low BET surface area and low total pore volume can exhibit high adsorption capacity because more metal ions per unit surface area of magnetic bio char can be adsorbed easily. Moreover, the sorption of magnetic bio char from the aqueous solution is very simple and effective and thus neutralizes the issue of secondary pollution. It can be re-used after the regeneration, thus making the whole adsorption process economically viable and more environment friendly. Bio-polymer based magnetic bio char has tremendous applications in biomechanical engineering and medical science since it can serve the purpose of drug carrier very efficiently in magnetic drug delivery systems which is utilized in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Magnetic bio char with so many potential applications has been synthesized by a number of researchers using different techniques, and different combination of agricultural waste/activated carbon and chemicals. In this chapter we have discussed the various synthesizing techniques which have been adopted by the researchers to prepare magnetic bio char. The BET surface area and magnetic characteristics along with their potential applications and future scope of the magnetic bio char have also been given a notice in the present chapter
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2016
h i g h l i g h t s Addition of copper increased thermal stability by more than 100 C. Thermophys... more h i g h l i g h t s Addition of copper increased thermal stability by more than 100 C. Thermophysical properties are dependent on temperature & copper volume fraction. Thermal conductivity of OPS-copper composite is twice to that of OPS. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity reduced with increase in temperature. Specific heat capacity of composite lowered with increase in copper volume fraction.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016
Biomass is considered to have potential to be used as an alternative energy source. High carbon c... more Biomass is considered to have potential to be used as an alternative energy source. High carbon content present in biomass converts it into high energy biochar on thermochemical treatment. Among few well established thermochemical technologies for the treatment of biomass and biogenic waste to produce high energy char along with oil and gaseous yield, pyrolysis is the most studied and discussed technique in the recent past. A comparison between the existing techniques is established in the present work. Production of char from the biomass and biogenic wastes is reviewed and it was found that yield of the biochar depends upon the biomass composition like moisture content and presence of cellulose or lignin. Pyrolysis product distribution and their quality strongly depend upon the process parameters. Different biomasses which can be used as raw material in pyrolysis are also reviewed and categorized depending upon their source. Pyrolysis process parameters such as temperature, heating rate, residence time etc. also influence the biochar yield. This study discusses the effect of these process parameters on the production of biochar through pyrolysis of biomass.
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016
Thermochemical conversion of OPS has gained huge attention among the researchers mainly because i... more Thermochemical conversion of OPS has gained huge attention among the researchers mainly because it converts the waste OPS into energy rich value added by-products. Thermophysical properties play a very crucial role in the thermal treatment of OPS and govern the heat transfer phenomenon of the material. Temperature dependence of thermophysical properties of OPS and OPS char has been investigated within the temperature range between 30 to 110 °C. OPS char is synthesized by the microwave pyrolysis of OPS. Thermogravimetric analysis of OPS and OPS char confirmed that OPS is more thermally stable as compared to OPS char. Moreover, it gave information about the degradation behavior of OPS and OPS char. Thermophysical properties was measured by thermal analyzer, based on the transient hot wire technique which is suitable to measure the thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures. At room temperature, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of OPS are 0.199 W/m-K and 0.142 mm 2 /s respectively and are 15.07 % and 12.67 % higher than that of OPS char. Specific heat capacity of OPS and OPS char are found to be almost same (1.139 kJ/kg-K for OPS and 1.108 kJ/kg-K for OPS char). Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values lowered on increasing the temperature while specific heat capacity increased linearly on increasing the temperature. Low thermal 2 conductivity and thermal diffusivity values of OPS implies that the conventional conductive heating is less effective and inefficient for the thermal treatment of OPS.
The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015
In this paper, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is applied to oil palm shells to produce a solid ... more In this paper, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is applied to oil palm shells to produce a solid fuel known as hydrochar. The effect of reaction temperatures 220-290 8C at reaction time 30 min, and a biomass to water ratio of 0.15 g/g (15 wt %) was investigated for synthesis of hydrochar. The hydrochar yield percentage decreased from 62.4 to 43 % with increasing temperature from 220 to 290 8C. In addition, carbon percentage increased with an increase in temperature from 26.93 (oil palm shell) to 63.77 % (hydrochar produced at 290 8C). The higher heating value (HHV) tended to increase from 12.24 MJ/kg (oil palm shell) to 26.80 MJ/kg for hydrochar products. The raw palm shell and hydrochars were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Branuer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Surface porosity of hydrochar product increased, which resulted in a compacted surface and large surface area. BET surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter were improved from 0.316 m 2 /g, 0.001 29 cm 3 /g, and 45.1153 nm to 12.5996 m 2 /g, 0.0557 cm 3 /g, and 113.4120 nm, respectively, at 260 8C .
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2014
We did a comparative study on the adsorption capacity of Cr (VI) between functionalized carbon na... more We did a comparative study on the adsorption capacity of Cr (VI) between functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and non-functionalized CNTs. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removal of Cr (VI) are at pH 9, with dosage 0.1 gram, agitation speed and time of 120 rpm and 120 minutes, respectively. For the initial concentration of 1.0 mg/l, the removal efficiency of Cr (VI) using functionalized CNTs was 87.6% and 83% of non-functionalized CNTs. The maximum adsorption capacities of functionalized and non-functionalized CNTs were 2.517 and 2.49 mg/g, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich models were adopted to study the adsorption isotherm, which provided a K L and K F value of 1.217 L/mg and 18.14 mg 1−n L n /g functionalized CNT, while 2.365 L/mg and 2.307 mg 1−n L n /g for non-functionalized CNTs. This result proves that functionalized CNTs are a better adsorbent with a higher adsorption capacity compared with the non-functionalized CNTs.
Powder Technology, 2014
This paper reports the results of a numerical study on the heat transfer during process of conduc... more This paper reports the results of a numerical study on the heat transfer during process of conduction dominated solidification of copper-water nanofluid in isosceles trapezoidal cavity under controlled temperature and concentration gradients. The suspended nanoparticles have proven to increase the heat transfer rate substantially. The horizontal walls of the cavities are insulated while side walls are kept at constant but different temperatures. The total solidification time of pure fluid and nanofluid filled in the cavity is investigated for three different inclinations of side walls and the results are compared with square cavity. Results revealed that the total solidification time for pure fluid as well for nanofluid for all nano particle concentrations decreases. The effects of Grashof number (10 5-10 7) on the heat transfer phenomenon and solid-liquid interface are also numerically investigated and presented graphically. The enthalpy-porosity technique is used to trace the solid-liquid interface. Inclination angle can be used efficiently to control the solidification time. In addition, average Nusselt number along the hot wall for different angles, nanoparticles volume fractions, and Grashof number is presented graphically. The proposed predictions are very helpful in developing improved latent heat thermal energy storage for solar heat collector and for casting and mold design.
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Papers by PooBalan Ganesan