Accurate and continuous monitoring of soil nitrogen is critical for determining its fate and prov... more Accurate and continuous monitoring of soil nitrogen is critical for determining its fate and providing early warning for swift soil nutrient management. However, the accuracy of existing electrochemical sensors is hurdled by the immobility of targeted ions, ion adsorption to soil particles, and sensor reading noise and drifting over time. In this study, polyacrylamide hydrogel with a thickness of 0.45 μm was coated on the surface of solid-state ion-selective membrane (S-ISM) sensors to absorb water contained in soil and, consequently, enhance the accuracy (R 2 > 0.98) and stability (drifting < 0.3 mV/h) of these sensors monitoring ammonium (NH 4 +) and nitrate (NO 3 −) ions in soil. An ion transport model was built to simulate the long-term NH 4 + dynamic process (R 2 > 0.7) by considering the soil adsorption process and soil complexity. Furthermore, a soil-based denoising data processing algorithm (S-DDPA) was developed based on the unique features of soil sensors including the nonlinear mass transfer and ion diffusion on the heterogeneous sensor−hydrogel−soil interface. The 14 day tests using realworld soil demonstrated the effectiveness of S-DDPA to eliminate false signals and retrieve the actual soil nitrogen information for accurate (error: <2 mg/L) and continuous monitoring.
Polyurethane is one of the most versatile polymers in the industry. Polyurethane products include... more Polyurethane is one of the most versatile polymers in the industry. Polyurethane products include coatings, flexible foams, and elastomers. A polyurethane coating is a polyurethane layer applied to the surface of a substrate to protect it against corrosion, weathering, abrasion, microbial colonization, and other deteriorating processes. As mentioned in the literature, citric acid is a weak organic acid naturally present in limes, oranges, and lemons. Moreover, it acts as an antimicrobial agent by retarding the growth of bacteria, mold, yeast, and fungus. Also, itaconic acid has been shown to have an antimicrobial effect by inhibiting isocitrate lyase, the key enzyme of an essential pathway for microbial growth. In this research article, one polyester polyol was synthesized (propanetriol citrate polyester "PCE") using citric acid and epichlorohydrin. In contrast, another polyester polyol [poly (1,2,3-propanetriol citrate-co-1,2,3-propanetriol itaconate) "PPCI"] was developed by reacting PCE with itaconic acid. The chemical structures of PCE and PPCI were confirmed by FTIR, H 1 NMR, GPC, acid value, and hydroxyl value. Further, two-pack polyurethane coatings based on these two polyester polyols and blocked polyisocyanates (hexamethylene diisocyanate "HDI" and toluene diisocyanate "TDI") were formulated. These coatings were evaluated for their mechanical, chemical, thermal, anticorrosive, and antimicrobial properties. Studies on coating characteristics revealed that the gloss, adhesion, pencil hardness, and glass transition temperature of PCE-HTDI-based coatings were higher than that of PPCI-HDI-based coatings. Both PCE-HTDI and PPCI-HDI-based coatings showed good solvent resistance. The anticorrosive property in both the coating systems was alleviated with the increasing OH:NCO ratio. PPCI-HDI-based 2K polyurethane coatings showed better antimicrobial properties than PCE-HTDI-based 2K polyurethane coatings. Hence these coating systems have potential applications in the biomedical industry. Keywords Citric acid • Itaconic acid • Epichlorohydrin • Two-pack polyurethane coatings • Films • Antimicrobial PCE-HTDI Propanetriol citrate polyester polyol cured with both hexamethylene diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate (blocked polyisocyanates) PPCI-HDI Poly (1,2,3-propanetriol citrate-co-1,2,3-propanetriol itaconate) cured with hexamethylene diisocyanate (blocked polyisocyanates) DFT Dry film thickness GPC Gel permeation chromatography
Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, Oct 1, 2022
In this investigation, the effect of incorporation of Ferula Asafoetida (Hing) and Adhatoda Vasic... more In this investigation, the effect of incorporation of Ferula Asafoetida (Hing) and Adhatoda Vasica (Adulsa) extract on N, O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (CMC) films at various concentrations was explored. Physicochemical properties like water absorption capacity, water vapour permeability (WVP), and water solubility; optical properties and antimicrobial properties against E. coli, S. aureus, B. Subtilis and C. albicans were studied. Results showed that increasing the concentration of Ferula Asafoetida (Hing) extract the ZOI (Zone of Inhibition) increased from 6 mm to 12 mm against S. aureus, 6 mm to 7.5 mm against B. Subtilis and in the case of Adhatoda Vasica (Adulsa) extract there was an increment of ZOI from 0 mm to 15 mm against C. albicans. In both extract cases, the transparency decreased as the concentration of extracts in the formulation increased. It was also observed that incorporation of both the extracts in the structure of the biopolymer increased WVP of CMC films. The percentage solubility of the film incorporated with Adhatoda Vasica (Adulsa) extract was higher than that with Ferula Asafoetida (Hing) extract. Water absorption shows a decreasing trend as the concentration of Hing extract increases in the formulation, whereas the water absorption capacity above 80% was observed in the case of Adulsa extract incorporated films.
Purpose – Epoxy acrylate which is commercially utilized for UV curable coatings although has exce... more Purpose – Epoxy acrylate which is commercially utilized for UV curable coatings although has excellent adhesion, flexibility, hardness and chemical resistance, they lack in antimicrobial properties. Citric acid (CA) is economical as well as a bio-based compound which possess an antimicrobial activity. So, the purpose of this research investigation is the preparation of CA-based oligomer which can be further incorporated with epoxy acrylate and tri (propylene glycol) Diacrylate (TPGDA) to form uv curable coating and the study of its antimicrobial property.
Design/methodology/approach – A UV-curable unsaturated oligomer (CUV) was synthesized from CA and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The chemical structure of CUV was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, hydroxyl value, acid value and iodine value. Further, CUV was assimilated as an antimicrobial as well as crosslinking agent to copolymerize with epoxy acrylate oligomer and a series of UV-cured antimicrobial coatings were concocted by employing UV-curing machine. The consequence of varying the fraction of CUV on the mechanical, chemical, thermal and antimicrobial properties of UV-cured wood coatings was explored.
Findings – Results exhibited good mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. In addition, it was perceived that the zone of inhibition against S.aureus got enlarged with increasing content of CUV in the coating formulation.
Originality/value – The synthesized bio-based CUV reveals an extensive potential to ameliorate the antimicrobial properties of UV-curable coatings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2021
“Prodigiosin”, the naturally occurring red pigment in Serratia Marcescens NCIM 5246 was used as a... more “Prodigiosin”, the naturally occurring red pigment in Serratia Marcescens NCIM 5246 was used as a photosensitizer in Dye-sensitized Solar cell. Prodigiosin was produced from Serratia Marcescens NCIM 5246 by solid culture in nutrient agar for 48 hours and then extracting the pigment by using ethanol. The performance of this pigment was observed by optimizing several parameters of DSSC like the surface area of TIO2 film, Immersion time of TiO2 electrode in Pigment extract, Prodigiosin concentration, and sun intensity. Maximum cell efficiency of 0.4597% was observed at 1002.38 W/m2. It was found that the cell efficiency was maximum i.e., 0.5071% at a concentration of 4162.574μg/ml. Increase in TiO2 surface area ameliorated the performance of Prodigiosin sensitized solar cell where it gave peak efficiency of 0.498% at highest TiO2 film surface area of 7.5 cm2. The immersion time was varied from 10mins to 60mins where the efficiency was maximum i.e., 0.5195% at 50 mins. The main purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of various parameters like sun intensity, the concentration of the sensitizer (Prodigiosin), Surface area of semiconductor (TiO2) and, Immersion time on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).
Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 2018
This research work reports the mapping of an ultrasonic bath for production of yellow
bacterial p... more This research work reports the mapping of an ultrasonic bath for production of yellow bacterial pigment from Kocuria flava species. The main objective of this work was to intensify pigment production from the isolated bacteria and to reduce the time required for pigment production by using ultrasound. The isolated bacterium was grown at 37°C for 48 hrs in a rotary shaker at 180 RPM. The influence of different parameters like frequency, time, power, position, and the depth of ultrasound bath on the pigment productivity were investigated to get maximum yield. The initial pigment yield of 18.18 μg/mL increased to 86.33 μg/mL after ultrasound treatment at the optimized parameters of 24 kHz frequency, time duration of 20 min, power input at 120 W, and a height of 2.54 cm from bottom of the bath. Thus, a significant increase in the pigment production by ultrasonic treatment shows the advantages of ultrasound treatment on the production of natural pigment. Hence, this study can prove as a fundamental study for other ultrasound bath to achieve maximum productivity for any bacterial pigment
The present investigation was focused at discovering the alternative and cost-effective solid cul... more The present investigation was focused at discovering the alternative and cost-effective solid culture media for Serratia Marcescens NCIM 5246 producing prodigiosin. Different media's like corn flour, sorghum flour, mungo beans flour, raw soybean flour, sattu flour, gram dal flour and mung bean flouring combination with agar were tested in comparison with nutrient agar. It was observed that raw soybean flour in combination with agar (50-50% w/w) shows higher microbial growth and pigment concentration as compared to nutrient agar and other flours used. In addition to this, the combination of raw soybean flour with agar was observed to be cost-effective as compared to the current commercial agars. In addition, the combination of soybean flour and agar supported the reproducibility of prodigiosin pigment. This proves its potential to be utilized on a lab-scale in future.
Accurate and continuous monitoring of soil nitrogen is critical for determining its fate and prov... more Accurate and continuous monitoring of soil nitrogen is critical for determining its fate and providing early warning for swift soil nutrient management. However, the accuracy of existing electrochemical sensors is hurdled by the immobility of targeted ions, ion adsorption to soil particles, and sensor reading noise and drifting over time. In this study, polyacrylamide hydrogel with a thickness of 0.45 μm was coated on the surface of solid-state ion-selective membrane (S-ISM) sensors to absorb water contained in soil and, consequently, enhance the accuracy (R 2 > 0.98) and stability (drifting < 0.3 mV/h) of these sensors monitoring ammonium (NH 4 +) and nitrate (NO 3 −) ions in soil. An ion transport model was built to simulate the long-term NH 4 + dynamic process (R 2 > 0.7) by considering the soil adsorption process and soil complexity. Furthermore, a soil-based denoising data processing algorithm (S-DDPA) was developed based on the unique features of soil sensors including the nonlinear mass transfer and ion diffusion on the heterogeneous sensor−hydrogel−soil interface. The 14 day tests using realworld soil demonstrated the effectiveness of S-DDPA to eliminate false signals and retrieve the actual soil nitrogen information for accurate (error: <2 mg/L) and continuous monitoring.
Polyurethane is one of the most versatile polymers in the industry. Polyurethane products include... more Polyurethane is one of the most versatile polymers in the industry. Polyurethane products include coatings, flexible foams, and elastomers. A polyurethane coating is a polyurethane layer applied to the surface of a substrate to protect it against corrosion, weathering, abrasion, microbial colonization, and other deteriorating processes. As mentioned in the literature, citric acid is a weak organic acid naturally present in limes, oranges, and lemons. Moreover, it acts as an antimicrobial agent by retarding the growth of bacteria, mold, yeast, and fungus. Also, itaconic acid has been shown to have an antimicrobial effect by inhibiting isocitrate lyase, the key enzyme of an essential pathway for microbial growth. In this research article, one polyester polyol was synthesized (propanetriol citrate polyester "PCE") using citric acid and epichlorohydrin. In contrast, another polyester polyol [poly (1,2,3-propanetriol citrate-co-1,2,3-propanetriol itaconate) "PPCI"] was developed by reacting PCE with itaconic acid. The chemical structures of PCE and PPCI were confirmed by FTIR, H 1 NMR, GPC, acid value, and hydroxyl value. Further, two-pack polyurethane coatings based on these two polyester polyols and blocked polyisocyanates (hexamethylene diisocyanate "HDI" and toluene diisocyanate "TDI") were formulated. These coatings were evaluated for their mechanical, chemical, thermal, anticorrosive, and antimicrobial properties. Studies on coating characteristics revealed that the gloss, adhesion, pencil hardness, and glass transition temperature of PCE-HTDI-based coatings were higher than that of PPCI-HDI-based coatings. Both PCE-HTDI and PPCI-HDI-based coatings showed good solvent resistance. The anticorrosive property in both the coating systems was alleviated with the increasing OH:NCO ratio. PPCI-HDI-based 2K polyurethane coatings showed better antimicrobial properties than PCE-HTDI-based 2K polyurethane coatings. Hence these coating systems have potential applications in the biomedical industry. Keywords Citric acid • Itaconic acid • Epichlorohydrin • Two-pack polyurethane coatings • Films • Antimicrobial PCE-HTDI Propanetriol citrate polyester polyol cured with both hexamethylene diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate (blocked polyisocyanates) PPCI-HDI Poly (1,2,3-propanetriol citrate-co-1,2,3-propanetriol itaconate) cured with hexamethylene diisocyanate (blocked polyisocyanates) DFT Dry film thickness GPC Gel permeation chromatography
Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, Oct 1, 2022
In this investigation, the effect of incorporation of Ferula Asafoetida (Hing) and Adhatoda Vasic... more In this investigation, the effect of incorporation of Ferula Asafoetida (Hing) and Adhatoda Vasica (Adulsa) extract on N, O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (CMC) films at various concentrations was explored. Physicochemical properties like water absorption capacity, water vapour permeability (WVP), and water solubility; optical properties and antimicrobial properties against E. coli, S. aureus, B. Subtilis and C. albicans were studied. Results showed that increasing the concentration of Ferula Asafoetida (Hing) extract the ZOI (Zone of Inhibition) increased from 6 mm to 12 mm against S. aureus, 6 mm to 7.5 mm against B. Subtilis and in the case of Adhatoda Vasica (Adulsa) extract there was an increment of ZOI from 0 mm to 15 mm against C. albicans. In both extract cases, the transparency decreased as the concentration of extracts in the formulation increased. It was also observed that incorporation of both the extracts in the structure of the biopolymer increased WVP of CMC films. The percentage solubility of the film incorporated with Adhatoda Vasica (Adulsa) extract was higher than that with Ferula Asafoetida (Hing) extract. Water absorption shows a decreasing trend as the concentration of Hing extract increases in the formulation, whereas the water absorption capacity above 80% was observed in the case of Adulsa extract incorporated films.
Purpose – Epoxy acrylate which is commercially utilized for UV curable coatings although has exce... more Purpose – Epoxy acrylate which is commercially utilized for UV curable coatings although has excellent adhesion, flexibility, hardness and chemical resistance, they lack in antimicrobial properties. Citric acid (CA) is economical as well as a bio-based compound which possess an antimicrobial activity. So, the purpose of this research investigation is the preparation of CA-based oligomer which can be further incorporated with epoxy acrylate and tri (propylene glycol) Diacrylate (TPGDA) to form uv curable coating and the study of its antimicrobial property.
Design/methodology/approach – A UV-curable unsaturated oligomer (CUV) was synthesized from CA and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The chemical structure of CUV was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, hydroxyl value, acid value and iodine value. Further, CUV was assimilated as an antimicrobial as well as crosslinking agent to copolymerize with epoxy acrylate oligomer and a series of UV-cured antimicrobial coatings were concocted by employing UV-curing machine. The consequence of varying the fraction of CUV on the mechanical, chemical, thermal and antimicrobial properties of UV-cured wood coatings was explored.
Findings – Results exhibited good mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. In addition, it was perceived that the zone of inhibition against S.aureus got enlarged with increasing content of CUV in the coating formulation.
Originality/value – The synthesized bio-based CUV reveals an extensive potential to ameliorate the antimicrobial properties of UV-curable coatings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2021
“Prodigiosin”, the naturally occurring red pigment in Serratia Marcescens NCIM 5246 was used as a... more “Prodigiosin”, the naturally occurring red pigment in Serratia Marcescens NCIM 5246 was used as a photosensitizer in Dye-sensitized Solar cell. Prodigiosin was produced from Serratia Marcescens NCIM 5246 by solid culture in nutrient agar for 48 hours and then extracting the pigment by using ethanol. The performance of this pigment was observed by optimizing several parameters of DSSC like the surface area of TIO2 film, Immersion time of TiO2 electrode in Pigment extract, Prodigiosin concentration, and sun intensity. Maximum cell efficiency of 0.4597% was observed at 1002.38 W/m2. It was found that the cell efficiency was maximum i.e., 0.5071% at a concentration of 4162.574μg/ml. Increase in TiO2 surface area ameliorated the performance of Prodigiosin sensitized solar cell where it gave peak efficiency of 0.498% at highest TiO2 film surface area of 7.5 cm2. The immersion time was varied from 10mins to 60mins where the efficiency was maximum i.e., 0.5195% at 50 mins. The main purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of various parameters like sun intensity, the concentration of the sensitizer (Prodigiosin), Surface area of semiconductor (TiO2) and, Immersion time on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).
Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 2018
This research work reports the mapping of an ultrasonic bath for production of yellow
bacterial p... more This research work reports the mapping of an ultrasonic bath for production of yellow bacterial pigment from Kocuria flava species. The main objective of this work was to intensify pigment production from the isolated bacteria and to reduce the time required for pigment production by using ultrasound. The isolated bacterium was grown at 37°C for 48 hrs in a rotary shaker at 180 RPM. The influence of different parameters like frequency, time, power, position, and the depth of ultrasound bath on the pigment productivity were investigated to get maximum yield. The initial pigment yield of 18.18 μg/mL increased to 86.33 μg/mL after ultrasound treatment at the optimized parameters of 24 kHz frequency, time duration of 20 min, power input at 120 W, and a height of 2.54 cm from bottom of the bath. Thus, a significant increase in the pigment production by ultrasonic treatment shows the advantages of ultrasound treatment on the production of natural pigment. Hence, this study can prove as a fundamental study for other ultrasound bath to achieve maximum productivity for any bacterial pigment
The present investigation was focused at discovering the alternative and cost-effective solid cul... more The present investigation was focused at discovering the alternative and cost-effective solid culture media for Serratia Marcescens NCIM 5246 producing prodigiosin. Different media's like corn flour, sorghum flour, mungo beans flour, raw soybean flour, sattu flour, gram dal flour and mung bean flouring combination with agar were tested in comparison with nutrient agar. It was observed that raw soybean flour in combination with agar (50-50% w/w) shows higher microbial growth and pigment concentration as compared to nutrient agar and other flours used. In addition to this, the combination of raw soybean flour with agar was observed to be cost-effective as compared to the current commercial agars. In addition, the combination of soybean flour and agar supported the reproducibility of prodigiosin pigment. This proves its potential to be utilized on a lab-scale in future.
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Papers by Anand Dixit
Design/methodology/approach – A UV-curable unsaturated oligomer (CUV) was synthesized from CA and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The chemical structure of CUV was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, hydroxyl value, acid value and iodine value. Further, CUV was assimilated as an antimicrobial as well as crosslinking agent to copolymerize with epoxy acrylate oligomer and a series of UV-cured antimicrobial coatings were concocted by employing UV-curing machine. The consequence of varying the fraction of CUV on the mechanical, chemical, thermal and
antimicrobial properties of UV-cured wood coatings was explored.
Findings – Results exhibited good mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. In addition, it was perceived that the zone of inhibition against S.aureus got enlarged with increasing content of CUV in the coating formulation.
Originality/value – The synthesized bio-based CUV reveals an extensive potential to ameliorate the antimicrobial properties of UV-curable coatings.
bacterial pigment from Kocuria flava species. The main objective of this work was to intensify pigment production
from the isolated bacteria and to reduce the time required for pigment production by using ultrasound. The
isolated bacterium was grown at 37°C for 48 hrs in a rotary shaker at 180 RPM. The influence of different
parameters like frequency, time, power, position, and the depth of ultrasound bath on the pigment productivity
were investigated to get maximum yield. The initial pigment yield of 18.18 μg/mL increased to 86.33 μg/mL after
ultrasound treatment at the optimized parameters of 24 kHz frequency, time duration of 20 min, power input at
120 W, and a height of 2.54 cm from bottom of the bath. Thus, a significant increase in the pigment production
by ultrasonic treatment shows the advantages of ultrasound treatment on the production of natural pigment.
Hence, this study can prove as a fundamental study for other ultrasound bath to achieve maximum productivity
for any bacterial pigment
for Serratia Marcescens NCIM 5246 producing prodigiosin. Different media's like corn flour, sorghum flour,
mungo beans flour, raw soybean flour, sattu flour, gram dal flour and mung bean flouring combination with
agar were tested in comparison with nutrient agar. It was observed that raw soybean flour in combination
with agar (50-50% w/w) shows higher microbial growth and pigment concentration as compared to nutrient
agar and other flours used. In addition to this, the combination of raw soybean flour with agar was observed
to be cost-effective as compared to the current commercial agars. In addition, the combination of soybean
flour and agar supported the reproducibility of prodigiosin pigment. This proves its potential to be utilized
on a lab-scale in future.
Design/methodology/approach – A UV-curable unsaturated oligomer (CUV) was synthesized from CA and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The chemical structure of CUV was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, hydroxyl value, acid value and iodine value. Further, CUV was assimilated as an antimicrobial as well as crosslinking agent to copolymerize with epoxy acrylate oligomer and a series of UV-cured antimicrobial coatings were concocted by employing UV-curing machine. The consequence of varying the fraction of CUV on the mechanical, chemical, thermal and
antimicrobial properties of UV-cured wood coatings was explored.
Findings – Results exhibited good mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. In addition, it was perceived that the zone of inhibition against S.aureus got enlarged with increasing content of CUV in the coating formulation.
Originality/value – The synthesized bio-based CUV reveals an extensive potential to ameliorate the antimicrobial properties of UV-curable coatings.
bacterial pigment from Kocuria flava species. The main objective of this work was to intensify pigment production
from the isolated bacteria and to reduce the time required for pigment production by using ultrasound. The
isolated bacterium was grown at 37°C for 48 hrs in a rotary shaker at 180 RPM. The influence of different
parameters like frequency, time, power, position, and the depth of ultrasound bath on the pigment productivity
were investigated to get maximum yield. The initial pigment yield of 18.18 μg/mL increased to 86.33 μg/mL after
ultrasound treatment at the optimized parameters of 24 kHz frequency, time duration of 20 min, power input at
120 W, and a height of 2.54 cm from bottom of the bath. Thus, a significant increase in the pigment production
by ultrasonic treatment shows the advantages of ultrasound treatment on the production of natural pigment.
Hence, this study can prove as a fundamental study for other ultrasound bath to achieve maximum productivity
for any bacterial pigment
for Serratia Marcescens NCIM 5246 producing prodigiosin. Different media's like corn flour, sorghum flour,
mungo beans flour, raw soybean flour, sattu flour, gram dal flour and mung bean flouring combination with
agar were tested in comparison with nutrient agar. It was observed that raw soybean flour in combination
with agar (50-50% w/w) shows higher microbial growth and pigment concentration as compared to nutrient
agar and other flours used. In addition to this, the combination of raw soybean flour with agar was observed
to be cost-effective as compared to the current commercial agars. In addition, the combination of soybean
flour and agar supported the reproducibility of prodigiosin pigment. This proves its potential to be utilized
on a lab-scale in future.