This study is aimed at investigating the effects of tamoxifen on lipid profile. In order to achie... more This study is aimed at investigating the effects of tamoxifen on lipid profile. In order to achieve this, tamoxifen was administered once daily intraperitoneally to the female rats at a dose of 2.07mg/kg body weight for 1 and 2 weeks, while a group of rats was allowed to recover for a week after 2 weeks of tamoxifen administration. Rats in the control group were similarly treated but were given corn oil instead of the drug. Tamoxifen administration caused perturbations of major lipids in the animals. Administration of tamoxifen for 1 week lowered cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the plasma by 23.63 % and 39.74 % respectively and in the low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins (LDL+VLDL) by 79.72 % and 67.59 % respectively, while it increased high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol by 3.44 fold. In the tissues, tamoxifen administration for 2 weeks did not significantly affect cholesterol and triglycerides levels but phospholipid levels in the liver, kidne...
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nov 1, 2017
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No... more This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows adapt, share and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2021
This study was carried out to compare the in-vitro antioxidant potentials, antidiabetic and phyto... more This study was carried out to compare the in-vitro antioxidant potentials, antidiabetic and phytochemical constituents of methanolic leaf extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis, Chrysophyllum albidium, Bauhinia thonningii, Daniellia oliveri, and Cola nitida. The results of this study show that all the plant extracts have strong antioxidant potentials against various radicals. The extracts scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner and scavenged nitric oxide radicals with IC50 values of 152.39, 186.36, 213.40, 303.58 and 355.53 µg/ml for C. albidium, D. oliveri, C. nitida, A. djalonensis and B. thonningii, respectively. All the extracts also inhibited the induction of lipid peroxidation and α-amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, while the degree of ferric reducing power by the extracts was of the order C. albidium > D. oliveri > B. thonningii > C. nitida > A. djalonensis. Phytochemical and gas chromatography analyses carried out o...
Background: The leaves of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benth.) have been traditionally used in folk m... more Background: The leaves of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benth.) have been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat malaria in Nigeria. However, there is no report on whether these leaves contain Nephroprotective activity. Thus, the ethanol leaf extract was investigated for Nephron-protective activity in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods: First, the LD50 of the leaf was determined using standard procedure. Rats were assigned to 5 groups (A-E) of five rats. Except for the control group, each group was made diabetic using Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg/b.wt. i p). The treated groups received 0.5 ml of glibenclamide (25mg/kg/b.wt, o.p), 250 and 500 mg/kg/b.wt, o.p of Thaumatococcus danielli respectively. After 14 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed under light anaesthesia. Data were expressed as Means ± S.D (n=5) and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s test, values were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The plant showed a LD50 greater than 5000 ...
Background Tetracarpidium conophorum is one of the numerous folklore medicinal plants for managin... more Background Tetracarpidium conophorum is one of the numerous folklore medicinal plants for managing diabetes but the mode of action and bioactive compounds responsible for the antihyperglycemic property are missing in literatures. This study aimed at investigating the possible modes of its antihyperglycemic action using both in-vitro and ex-vivo methods. Powdered Tetracarpidium conophorum seed (TECOSE) was extracted with methanol using standard extraction procedure. Gas chromatography- Mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of the extract, and its effects on tissue glucose uptake, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and glucokinase enzymes were assessed using standard laboratory procedures. Results Seven heterocyclic compounds were identified by GCMS of which one is structurally related to sulphonylurea. TECOSE strongly inhibited α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.90 mg/ml) but partially inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 7.20 mg/ml) activities. Also, glucokinase activity and tissue glucose uptakes were significantly...
Background Tetracarpidium conophorum is one of the medicinal plants with probable efficacy for ma... more Background Tetracarpidium conophorum is one of the medicinal plants with probable efficacy for managing diabetes mellitus. Its leaf, root and seed have been recently reported to possess antihyperglycemic activity but its therapeutic benefit on diabetic disease progression is missing in literatures. This study aimed at investigating effects of Tetracarpidium conophorum seed (TECOSE) extract on biomarkers of therapeutic response in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Powdered TECOSE was extracted with methanol using standard extraction procedure. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats with single intraperitoneal dose of 75 mg/kg/bwt streptozotocin. The rats were divided into five groups (n = 5): A- normal control, B- diabetic control, C, D and E were diabetic rats treated with TECOSE, metformin and insulin respectively for four weeks. Samples were collected for biochemical and hematological studies. Data obtained were analysed using One Way Analysis of Variance. Results Percentag...
This study evaluated the in- vitro antioxidant, phytochemical constituents and hepato-renal prote... more This study evaluated the in- vitro antioxidant, phytochemical constituents and hepato-renal protective efficacy of Senna siamea methanolic extract in arsenic-induced oxidative stress. The results of this study show that S. siamea has strong antioxidant potentials against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’azinobis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acids) (ABTS) radicals. The extract scavenges nitric oxide radicals and has strong ferric reducing power. It also inhibited the induction of lipid peroxidation and α-amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Administration of arsenic to rats induced a significant increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and triglycerides in the plasma, while it decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase activities in the liver and kidney. It also significantly reduced the levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelet and lymphocytes in the b...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020
Dimethylamine (DMA) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) are present in numerous foods, food additive and e... more Dimethylamine (DMA) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) are present in numerous foods, food additive and environmental factors, which enhance chemical driven liver damage by inducing oxidative stress and cellular injury. Therefore, this study evaluated the possible therapeutic and protective effects of selected plant extracts on dimethylamine (DMA) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The selected plants (Morinda lucida, Securine gavirosa, Xylopia aethiopica, Piper guineense and Calotropis procera) were extracted by maceration in distilled water and concentrated using freeze dryer. Swiss male albino mice were divided into Group I (control group) received distilled water; group II were administered orally with DMA (150 mg/kg body weight) and NaNO2 (100 mg/kg body weight) twice every week for 4 weeks, group III were treated orally with extract every 48 hrs simultaneously with DMA and NaNO2 and continued until the end of the experiment, group IV were treated orally wi...
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are generated both endogenously and in response to external ... more Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are generated both endogenously and in response to external factors, such as diet and lifestyle, and play a major role in the aetiology of several degenerative diseases. The effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is balanced by the antioxidant action of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, antioxidant compounds such as, thioredoxin, lipoic acid and dietary antioxidant such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, carotenoids, flavonoids. Antioxidant defences are extremely important as they represent the direct removal of free radicals, thus providing protection for biological sites. However, as this protection may not be sufficient to entirely prevent the damage by ROS/RNS, consumption of food rich in dietary antioxidants which offers supportive role in antioxidant defence system in removing excessive ROS/RNS become even more important in protecting cell biomolecules against oxidative damage.
Objective: Materials and This study was aimed to investigate. whether levofloxacin perturb lipid ... more Objective: Materials and This study was aimed to investigate. whether levofloxacin perturb lipid metabolism methods: 7.14 mg/kg body weight) of levofloxacin was administered intraperitoneally 12 hourly to Therapeutic dose (rats for 5 and 10 days. Twenty-four hours after the last levofloxacin treatment and 7 days after levofloxacin withdrawal (for a group of rats), blood and other tissues (liver, kidney, brain, heart, lung and spleen) were removed from the animals after an overnight fast and analysed for their lipid contents. Levofloxacin administration resulted in Results: dyslipidemia in different compartments investigated. characterised Plasma and erythrocyte dyslipidemia were by increased concentrations of phospholipid, free fatty acids (FFA) and depletion of cholesterol. It also resulted in kidney and heart cholesterogenesis, while spleen and lung cholesterol were reduced. Liver cholesterol was unaffected. Administration of the drug equally produced phospholipidosis in the kidney, lung and liver while brain and heart phospholipids decreased. Lipoprotein abnormalities were reflected as up-regulation of HDL triglyceride and phospholipid as well as down-regulation of VLDL-LDL cholesterol and phospholipid. Hypertriglyceremia was the hallmark of dyslipidemia in the plasma, kidney, lung and brain while in the heart and erythrocyte triglyceride level was decreased. The distortion observed in the lipid profile in most of the compartments of the animals studied, Conclusion: suggest that induction of dyslipidemia might represent additional adverse effects of levofloxacin.
Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of codeine administration on some haemato... more Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of codeine administration on some haematological and biochemical indices in rats. Materials and Methods: Therapeutic dose (5 mg/kg/day), high dose (25 mg/kg/day) and extreme dose (50 mg/kg/day) of codeine were administered orally to rats for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last codeine administration, blood, liver and kidney were removed from the animals after an overnight fast and analysed for their haematological and biochemical parameters. Results: Results obtained revealed that codeine administration significantly reduced the levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet count (PLT) and increased the levels of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)while it resulted in non-significant changes in other haematological parameters examined when compared with control rats. Codeine intake significantly increased plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotr...
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2019
Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant that is consumed for its health benefits, juice/concocti... more Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant that is consumed for its health benefits, juice/concoction prepared from the plant is taken as a preventive/curative measures against diabetes and hypertension. The antihypertensive and other pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anti-oxidant, nephro-and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, anti-cholesterol, and anti-diabetic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa have been demonstrated in several studies. Constituents of different plant parts of Hibiscus sabdariffa include phenolic acids, organic acid, flavonoids and anthocyanins which may contribute to the pharmacological effects of the plant. Hibiscus sabdariffa is relatively safe as LD50 of its extract in rats was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. Therefore, Hibiscus sabdariffa because of its pharmacological and nutritional benefits could be exploited in the management of various pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurological disorders and diabetes.
Kidney diseases contributed to the worldwide burden of human diseases, with approximately more th... more Kidney diseases contributed to the worldwide burden of human diseases, with approximately more than ¾ million deaths annually. The exact reason (s) for the high prevalence of kidney and urinary tract diseases are unknown. The effects of 1 mL of methanolic fruit extract of L. breviflora administered orally, at 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg/body weight once daily for fourteen and twenty-eight days respectively on serum and tissue antioxidants status, electrolytes and the activities of some 'marker' enzymes of kidney toxicity in Wister rats was investigated. The control group received 0.9% physiology saline. Using established protocols, the results showed that the extract negatively altered (p<0.05) the electrolyte balance, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, Lactate dehydrogenase, antioxidant enzymes activities, glutathione and malondialdehyde status in dose and duration dependent manners when compared with the untreated group. Histological evidence revealed mild tubular and glomerular damage. Although, no significant change was observed in the kidney body weight ratio in all the extract treated groups, our results, suggest that extract of L. breviflora may be nephrotoxic at high dosage over a prolonged period.
To investigate the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Talinum triangulare on hematological para... more To investigate the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Talinum triangulare on hematological parameters, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, and serum lipid in Wistar rats fed standard laboratory, or 2% cholesterol-enrich diet. Wistar rats (180-210g) divided into six groups of six animals (males) each were fed 2% cholesterol-enriched diet and orally treated with 0.9% saline or extract of Talinum triangulare (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg per body weight) daily for eight weeks. Lipid profile, lipid peroxidation (MDA), hematological parameters, and their functional indices and serum antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione -S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase) activities and glutathione status were assessed in normal and diet-induced hypercholesterolemic extract treated rats and compared with the rats treated with 100 mg/kg per bwt standard drug gemfibrozil. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in lipid profile (total glyceride, total cholestrol, low-density lipoprotein, ...
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Aims: The study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of Telfairia occidentalis (T. occidentalis)... more Aims: The study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of Telfairia occidentalis (T. occidentalis) extracts in the attenuation of CCl 4-mediated oxidative stress. Place and Duration of Study: Methodology: Twenty-four male wistar albino rats (180-220 g) were divided into four groups (1-4) of six rats each. In group 1 the rats received only water, group 2 received single dose of equal mixture of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) and olive oil (50%, v/v, 1.25 mL/kg i.p.), while animals in group 3 and 4 received CCl 4 + 50 mg/kg of T. occidentalis and CCl 4 + 100 mg/kg of T. occidentalis respectively. The antioxidant activity of T. occidentalis was evaluated in vitro using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. Results: Our results showed that CCl 4 induction elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels significantly (P&lt;0.05) while activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significant (P&lt;0.05) reduced. However, administering T. occidentalis extract at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg caused reversal of the effects significantly. T. occidentalis was found to contain high level of total phenolic content (34.65 mg/g in GAE/g dried weight). The implication of these results is that T. occidentalis may be useful in the management of oxidative stress-related organ injuries. Conclusion: The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities observed in this study could be due to the ability of phenolic compounds constituents of T. occidentalis which are able to absorb, neutralize and quench free radicals.
This study compared the antioxidant properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE), commercial a... more This study compared the antioxidant properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE), commercial aged garlic extract (AGE, Kyolic) and garlic tablet (GT). The results indicate that HSE, AGE and GT are effective antioxidant as xanthine/xanthine oxidase generated superoxide ions are significantly inhibited in the presence of 20% (v/v) diethyl ether extract of HSE, AGE and GT by 100%, 66.39% and 18.61% respectively, while uric acid production is not affected by AGE and GT. However, at 2.5% and 5.0% (v/v) reaction volumes, HSE significantly inhibits uric acid production by 9.5% and 33.0% respectively, and this suggests that components of HSE inhibit xanthine oxidase activity while AGE and GT scavenge superoxide. In addition, it is also found that the three extracts scavenge ABTS radical cations in dose-dependent manner. In all cell free assays, HSE is found to be more effective as an antioxidant when compared with AGE and GT under the same experimental conditions. Chromatographic and colorimetric analyses suggest that HSE has numerous different types of phenolic compounds with higher amount of phenolic compounds (14.9 mg/g) when compared with AGE (2.8 mg/g) and GT (3.6 mg/g) catechin equivalent respectively. Therefore, the effectiveness of antioxidant activities of these three extracts may be related to their phenolic content.
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2013
Aims: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant that is consumed for its health benefits in Africa... more Aims: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant that is consumed for its health benefits in Africa. The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective potentials of Hibiscus polyphenolic rich extract (HPE), (a group of phenolic compounds occurring in the dried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa) against CCl4-induced damaged in rats.
This study is aimed at investigating the effects of tamoxifen on lipid profile. In order to achie... more This study is aimed at investigating the effects of tamoxifen on lipid profile. In order to achieve this, tamoxifen was administered once daily intraperitoneally to the female rats at a dose of 2.07mg/kg body weight for 1 and 2 weeks, while a group of rats was allowed to recover for a week after 2 weeks of tamoxifen administration. Rats in the control group were similarly treated but were given corn oil instead of the drug. Tamoxifen administration caused perturbations of major lipids in the animals. Administration of tamoxifen for 1 week lowered cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the plasma by 23.63 % and 39.74 % respectively and in the low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins (LDL+VLDL) by 79.72 % and 67.59 % respectively, while it increased high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol by 3.44 fold. In the tissues, tamoxifen administration for 2 weeks did not significantly affect cholesterol and triglycerides levels but phospholipid levels in the liver, kidne...
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nov 1, 2017
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No... more This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows adapt, share and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2021
This study was carried out to compare the in-vitro antioxidant potentials, antidiabetic and phyto... more This study was carried out to compare the in-vitro antioxidant potentials, antidiabetic and phytochemical constituents of methanolic leaf extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis, Chrysophyllum albidium, Bauhinia thonningii, Daniellia oliveri, and Cola nitida. The results of this study show that all the plant extracts have strong antioxidant potentials against various radicals. The extracts scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner and scavenged nitric oxide radicals with IC50 values of 152.39, 186.36, 213.40, 303.58 and 355.53 µg/ml for C. albidium, D. oliveri, C. nitida, A. djalonensis and B. thonningii, respectively. All the extracts also inhibited the induction of lipid peroxidation and α-amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, while the degree of ferric reducing power by the extracts was of the order C. albidium > D. oliveri > B. thonningii > C. nitida > A. djalonensis. Phytochemical and gas chromatography analyses carried out o...
Background: The leaves of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benth.) have been traditionally used in folk m... more Background: The leaves of Thaumatococcus danielli (Benth.) have been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat malaria in Nigeria. However, there is no report on whether these leaves contain Nephroprotective activity. Thus, the ethanol leaf extract was investigated for Nephron-protective activity in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods: First, the LD50 of the leaf was determined using standard procedure. Rats were assigned to 5 groups (A-E) of five rats. Except for the control group, each group was made diabetic using Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg/b.wt. i p). The treated groups received 0.5 ml of glibenclamide (25mg/kg/b.wt, o.p), 250 and 500 mg/kg/b.wt, o.p of Thaumatococcus danielli respectively. After 14 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed under light anaesthesia. Data were expressed as Means ± S.D (n=5) and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s test, values were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The plant showed a LD50 greater than 5000 ...
Background Tetracarpidium conophorum is one of the numerous folklore medicinal plants for managin... more Background Tetracarpidium conophorum is one of the numerous folklore medicinal plants for managing diabetes but the mode of action and bioactive compounds responsible for the antihyperglycemic property are missing in literatures. This study aimed at investigating the possible modes of its antihyperglycemic action using both in-vitro and ex-vivo methods. Powdered Tetracarpidium conophorum seed (TECOSE) was extracted with methanol using standard extraction procedure. Gas chromatography- Mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of the extract, and its effects on tissue glucose uptake, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and glucokinase enzymes were assessed using standard laboratory procedures. Results Seven heterocyclic compounds were identified by GCMS of which one is structurally related to sulphonylurea. TECOSE strongly inhibited α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.90 mg/ml) but partially inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 7.20 mg/ml) activities. Also, glucokinase activity and tissue glucose uptakes were significantly...
Background Tetracarpidium conophorum is one of the medicinal plants with probable efficacy for ma... more Background Tetracarpidium conophorum is one of the medicinal plants with probable efficacy for managing diabetes mellitus. Its leaf, root and seed have been recently reported to possess antihyperglycemic activity but its therapeutic benefit on diabetic disease progression is missing in literatures. This study aimed at investigating effects of Tetracarpidium conophorum seed (TECOSE) extract on biomarkers of therapeutic response in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Powdered TECOSE was extracted with methanol using standard extraction procedure. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats with single intraperitoneal dose of 75 mg/kg/bwt streptozotocin. The rats were divided into five groups (n = 5): A- normal control, B- diabetic control, C, D and E were diabetic rats treated with TECOSE, metformin and insulin respectively for four weeks. Samples were collected for biochemical and hematological studies. Data obtained were analysed using One Way Analysis of Variance. Results Percentag...
This study evaluated the in- vitro antioxidant, phytochemical constituents and hepato-renal prote... more This study evaluated the in- vitro antioxidant, phytochemical constituents and hepato-renal protective efficacy of Senna siamea methanolic extract in arsenic-induced oxidative stress. The results of this study show that S. siamea has strong antioxidant potentials against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’azinobis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acids) (ABTS) radicals. The extract scavenges nitric oxide radicals and has strong ferric reducing power. It also inhibited the induction of lipid peroxidation and α-amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Administration of arsenic to rats induced a significant increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and triglycerides in the plasma, while it decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase activities in the liver and kidney. It also significantly reduced the levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelet and lymphocytes in the b...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020
Dimethylamine (DMA) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) are present in numerous foods, food additive and e... more Dimethylamine (DMA) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) are present in numerous foods, food additive and environmental factors, which enhance chemical driven liver damage by inducing oxidative stress and cellular injury. Therefore, this study evaluated the possible therapeutic and protective effects of selected plant extracts on dimethylamine (DMA) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The selected plants (Morinda lucida, Securine gavirosa, Xylopia aethiopica, Piper guineense and Calotropis procera) were extracted by maceration in distilled water and concentrated using freeze dryer. Swiss male albino mice were divided into Group I (control group) received distilled water; group II were administered orally with DMA (150 mg/kg body weight) and NaNO2 (100 mg/kg body weight) twice every week for 4 weeks, group III were treated orally with extract every 48 hrs simultaneously with DMA and NaNO2 and continued until the end of the experiment, group IV were treated orally wi...
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are generated both endogenously and in response to external ... more Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are generated both endogenously and in response to external factors, such as diet and lifestyle, and play a major role in the aetiology of several degenerative diseases. The effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is balanced by the antioxidant action of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, antioxidant compounds such as, thioredoxin, lipoic acid and dietary antioxidant such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, carotenoids, flavonoids. Antioxidant defences are extremely important as they represent the direct removal of free radicals, thus providing protection for biological sites. However, as this protection may not be sufficient to entirely prevent the damage by ROS/RNS, consumption of food rich in dietary antioxidants which offers supportive role in antioxidant defence system in removing excessive ROS/RNS become even more important in protecting cell biomolecules against oxidative damage.
Objective: Materials and This study was aimed to investigate. whether levofloxacin perturb lipid ... more Objective: Materials and This study was aimed to investigate. whether levofloxacin perturb lipid metabolism methods: 7.14 mg/kg body weight) of levofloxacin was administered intraperitoneally 12 hourly to Therapeutic dose (rats for 5 and 10 days. Twenty-four hours after the last levofloxacin treatment and 7 days after levofloxacin withdrawal (for a group of rats), blood and other tissues (liver, kidney, brain, heart, lung and spleen) were removed from the animals after an overnight fast and analysed for their lipid contents. Levofloxacin administration resulted in Results: dyslipidemia in different compartments investigated. characterised Plasma and erythrocyte dyslipidemia were by increased concentrations of phospholipid, free fatty acids (FFA) and depletion of cholesterol. It also resulted in kidney and heart cholesterogenesis, while spleen and lung cholesterol were reduced. Liver cholesterol was unaffected. Administration of the drug equally produced phospholipidosis in the kidney, lung and liver while brain and heart phospholipids decreased. Lipoprotein abnormalities were reflected as up-regulation of HDL triglyceride and phospholipid as well as down-regulation of VLDL-LDL cholesterol and phospholipid. Hypertriglyceremia was the hallmark of dyslipidemia in the plasma, kidney, lung and brain while in the heart and erythrocyte triglyceride level was decreased. The distortion observed in the lipid profile in most of the compartments of the animals studied, Conclusion: suggest that induction of dyslipidemia might represent additional adverse effects of levofloxacin.
Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of codeine administration on some haemato... more Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of codeine administration on some haematological and biochemical indices in rats. Materials and Methods: Therapeutic dose (5 mg/kg/day), high dose (25 mg/kg/day) and extreme dose (50 mg/kg/day) of codeine were administered orally to rats for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last codeine administration, blood, liver and kidney were removed from the animals after an overnight fast and analysed for their haematological and biochemical parameters. Results: Results obtained revealed that codeine administration significantly reduced the levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet count (PLT) and increased the levels of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)while it resulted in non-significant changes in other haematological parameters examined when compared with control rats. Codeine intake significantly increased plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotr...
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2019
Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant that is consumed for its health benefits, juice/concocti... more Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant that is consumed for its health benefits, juice/concoction prepared from the plant is taken as a preventive/curative measures against diabetes and hypertension. The antihypertensive and other pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anti-oxidant, nephro-and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, anti-cholesterol, and anti-diabetic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa have been demonstrated in several studies. Constituents of different plant parts of Hibiscus sabdariffa include phenolic acids, organic acid, flavonoids and anthocyanins which may contribute to the pharmacological effects of the plant. Hibiscus sabdariffa is relatively safe as LD50 of its extract in rats was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. Therefore, Hibiscus sabdariffa because of its pharmacological and nutritional benefits could be exploited in the management of various pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurological disorders and diabetes.
Kidney diseases contributed to the worldwide burden of human diseases, with approximately more th... more Kidney diseases contributed to the worldwide burden of human diseases, with approximately more than ¾ million deaths annually. The exact reason (s) for the high prevalence of kidney and urinary tract diseases are unknown. The effects of 1 mL of methanolic fruit extract of L. breviflora administered orally, at 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg/body weight once daily for fourteen and twenty-eight days respectively on serum and tissue antioxidants status, electrolytes and the activities of some 'marker' enzymes of kidney toxicity in Wister rats was investigated. The control group received 0.9% physiology saline. Using established protocols, the results showed that the extract negatively altered (p<0.05) the electrolyte balance, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, Lactate dehydrogenase, antioxidant enzymes activities, glutathione and malondialdehyde status in dose and duration dependent manners when compared with the untreated group. Histological evidence revealed mild tubular and glomerular damage. Although, no significant change was observed in the kidney body weight ratio in all the extract treated groups, our results, suggest that extract of L. breviflora may be nephrotoxic at high dosage over a prolonged period.
To investigate the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Talinum triangulare on hematological para... more To investigate the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Talinum triangulare on hematological parameters, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, and serum lipid in Wistar rats fed standard laboratory, or 2% cholesterol-enrich diet. Wistar rats (180-210g) divided into six groups of six animals (males) each were fed 2% cholesterol-enriched diet and orally treated with 0.9% saline or extract of Talinum triangulare (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg per body weight) daily for eight weeks. Lipid profile, lipid peroxidation (MDA), hematological parameters, and their functional indices and serum antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione -S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase) activities and glutathione status were assessed in normal and diet-induced hypercholesterolemic extract treated rats and compared with the rats treated with 100 mg/kg per bwt standard drug gemfibrozil. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in lipid profile (total glyceride, total cholestrol, low-density lipoprotein, ...
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Aims: The study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of Telfairia occidentalis (T. occidentalis)... more Aims: The study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of Telfairia occidentalis (T. occidentalis) extracts in the attenuation of CCl 4-mediated oxidative stress. Place and Duration of Study: Methodology: Twenty-four male wistar albino rats (180-220 g) were divided into four groups (1-4) of six rats each. In group 1 the rats received only water, group 2 received single dose of equal mixture of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) and olive oil (50%, v/v, 1.25 mL/kg i.p.), while animals in group 3 and 4 received CCl 4 + 50 mg/kg of T. occidentalis and CCl 4 + 100 mg/kg of T. occidentalis respectively. The antioxidant activity of T. occidentalis was evaluated in vitro using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. Results: Our results showed that CCl 4 induction elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels significantly (P&lt;0.05) while activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significant (P&lt;0.05) reduced. However, administering T. occidentalis extract at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg caused reversal of the effects significantly. T. occidentalis was found to contain high level of total phenolic content (34.65 mg/g in GAE/g dried weight). The implication of these results is that T. occidentalis may be useful in the management of oxidative stress-related organ injuries. Conclusion: The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities observed in this study could be due to the ability of phenolic compounds constituents of T. occidentalis which are able to absorb, neutralize and quench free radicals.
This study compared the antioxidant properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE), commercial a... more This study compared the antioxidant properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE), commercial aged garlic extract (AGE, Kyolic) and garlic tablet (GT). The results indicate that HSE, AGE and GT are effective antioxidant as xanthine/xanthine oxidase generated superoxide ions are significantly inhibited in the presence of 20% (v/v) diethyl ether extract of HSE, AGE and GT by 100%, 66.39% and 18.61% respectively, while uric acid production is not affected by AGE and GT. However, at 2.5% and 5.0% (v/v) reaction volumes, HSE significantly inhibits uric acid production by 9.5% and 33.0% respectively, and this suggests that components of HSE inhibit xanthine oxidase activity while AGE and GT scavenge superoxide. In addition, it is also found that the three extracts scavenge ABTS radical cations in dose-dependent manner. In all cell free assays, HSE is found to be more effective as an antioxidant when compared with AGE and GT under the same experimental conditions. Chromatographic and colorimetric analyses suggest that HSE has numerous different types of phenolic compounds with higher amount of phenolic compounds (14.9 mg/g) when compared with AGE (2.8 mg/g) and GT (3.6 mg/g) catechin equivalent respectively. Therefore, the effectiveness of antioxidant activities of these three extracts may be related to their phenolic content.
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2013
Aims: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant that is consumed for its health benefits in Africa... more Aims: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant that is consumed for its health benefits in Africa. The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective potentials of Hibiscus polyphenolic rich extract (HPE), (a group of phenolic compounds occurring in the dried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa) against CCl4-induced damaged in rats.
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Papers by Olusoji Owoade