Papers by Amara E S T H E R Ani
Nigeria is located at the Gulf of Guinea in Western Africa with approximately 174 million inhabit... more Nigeria is located at the Gulf of Guinea in Western Africa with approximately 174 million inhabitants. Nigeria is the amassing of several ethnic groups which dominant tribes are Hausa, Ibo and Yoruba, found in North, Southeast and Southwest respectively.
In her book, The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir raised some fundamental issues surrounding the op... more In her book, The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir raised some fundamental issues surrounding the oppression of women. She argues the case that women are still at the immanence sphere where they are subjected and oppressed. At this level, women exist as a being for the “Other” and not for themselves. She alarms that this stage is detrimental to women and also to their freedom as well as the society at large. Furthermore, and most important to our discussion, is her belief that there is a great need to liberate women from this immanent, oppressive, and degrading sphere, to the liberating transcendence sphere-where she could exist as “self”.
This paper, therefore, is a philosophical examination of Simone de Beauvoir’s philosophy of mystification of women and its possible significance to our contemporary society. It shows that de Beauvoir’s cry for women’s liberation is still not wipe out in our contemporary world. It also identifies de Beauvoir’s philosophy with deep philosophical importance for the possibility of arriving at the liberation of women in our contemporary world.
ABSTRACT
Contemporary Africa is not taking its place in the 21st century globalised world. Bein... more ABSTRACT
Contemporary Africa is not taking its place in the 21st century globalised world. Being highly inflicted with extreme poverty, Africa has reached out for help from the developed countries of the world. Since independence, there are so many instrumental measures being put to place to tackle the problem of development in Africa. These are modernisation, socialism, globalization and, very crucial to this discourse, foreign aid. This paper discusses the efficiency of foreign aid is assuring development to Africa. One of the basic assumptions of foreign aid to Africa is to alleviate extreme poverty from African soil. Now, the fundamental question is: Is foreign aid really a catholicon to Africans catastrophe? Or is foreign aid a Hodgkin’s disease to Africa’s development? Most of these attempts, that have addressed Africa’s problem of development, have ignored, or glossed over, this fundamental factor; namely, bootphilosohy/self-reliance. This perspective, in my view, offers more fundamental and comprehensive explanations of the problem of development in Africa. Especially, it tries to explain how the present political, social, and economic problems in Africa are connected to foreign aid. Therefore, this paper challenges the assumptions of foreign aid as inadequate in tackling poverty in Africa. This paper argues that aid to Africa is a chimera in sheep clothing. Aid is one of the contributors of poverty and underdevelopment in Africa. Using the philosophical tool of criticism, this paper exposes the underdevelopment of Africa with foreign aid. This paper, therefore, calls attention for the embracement of “bootphilosophy/self-reliance”.
KEYWORDS: Africa, Foreign Aid, poverty, Development, Boot-philosophy
Poverty is one of the challenges in the twenty-first century Nigeria. Ironically, a country that ... more Poverty is one of the challenges in the twenty-first century Nigeria. Ironically, a country that is endowed with natural resources (e.g. petroleum, Coal, copper, cocoa, Palm oil, etc) has become one of the countries in grave needs. The post Nigerian societies have been confronted with a rise in unemployment, hunger, starvation, homelessness, that has marred development and increased inequality. Despite the success recorded in Nigeria economy, more than half of her population still lives in penury. However, this paper draws attention to the high rate of poverty in Nigeria. Its essence lies in the awakening and illumination of our consciousness on the plight of the poor in Nigeria. It also negates the highly celebrated trophy of economic growth in Nigeria. In this light, this paper begins by conceptualizing poverty. It then explores poverty in Nigeria.
KEY WORDS: poverty, justice, Nigeria, peter singer.
Hegel sees history as the dialectical movement of Spirit. This dialectical movement involves the... more Hegel sees history as the dialectical movement of Spirit. This dialectical movement involves the thesis, the antithesis and the synthesis. At the thesis, Spirit is an abstract entity which embodies its antithesis. Spirit becomes real through its antithesis of human consciousness. Man, the opposition of Spirit, helps the Spirit to actualize its self purpose of freedom. When the Spirit finally attains its purpose it becomes the synthesis. This process continues but in higher form than the first. For inherent in every synthesis (which in turn becomes the thesis) is its antithesis, then to synthesis. This paper critically analyzes the underlying assumptions of Hegel’s conception of history with the philosophical tool of criticism. With the tool of criticism, we aim to show that history as a dialectical movement of Spirit is necessary but not sufficient to deal with the details of human history. It is necessary because it acknowledged the history of human society; but is not sufficient because it fails to conceive history in light of man creating his own history rather it conceived history as Spirit actualizing Self-knowledge. This paper draws much insight from Karl Marx in establishing that history is made by man and for man and not by any absolute spirit.
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Papers by Amara E S T H E R Ani
This paper, therefore, is a philosophical examination of Simone de Beauvoir’s philosophy of mystification of women and its possible significance to our contemporary society. It shows that de Beauvoir’s cry for women’s liberation is still not wipe out in our contemporary world. It also identifies de Beauvoir’s philosophy with deep philosophical importance for the possibility of arriving at the liberation of women in our contemporary world.
Contemporary Africa is not taking its place in the 21st century globalised world. Being highly inflicted with extreme poverty, Africa has reached out for help from the developed countries of the world. Since independence, there are so many instrumental measures being put to place to tackle the problem of development in Africa. These are modernisation, socialism, globalization and, very crucial to this discourse, foreign aid. This paper discusses the efficiency of foreign aid is assuring development to Africa. One of the basic assumptions of foreign aid to Africa is to alleviate extreme poverty from African soil. Now, the fundamental question is: Is foreign aid really a catholicon to Africans catastrophe? Or is foreign aid a Hodgkin’s disease to Africa’s development? Most of these attempts, that have addressed Africa’s problem of development, have ignored, or glossed over, this fundamental factor; namely, bootphilosohy/self-reliance. This perspective, in my view, offers more fundamental and comprehensive explanations of the problem of development in Africa. Especially, it tries to explain how the present political, social, and economic problems in Africa are connected to foreign aid. Therefore, this paper challenges the assumptions of foreign aid as inadequate in tackling poverty in Africa. This paper argues that aid to Africa is a chimera in sheep clothing. Aid is one of the contributors of poverty and underdevelopment in Africa. Using the philosophical tool of criticism, this paper exposes the underdevelopment of Africa with foreign aid. This paper, therefore, calls attention for the embracement of “bootphilosophy/self-reliance”.
KEYWORDS: Africa, Foreign Aid, poverty, Development, Boot-philosophy
KEY WORDS: poverty, justice, Nigeria, peter singer.
This paper, therefore, is a philosophical examination of Simone de Beauvoir’s philosophy of mystification of women and its possible significance to our contemporary society. It shows that de Beauvoir’s cry for women’s liberation is still not wipe out in our contemporary world. It also identifies de Beauvoir’s philosophy with deep philosophical importance for the possibility of arriving at the liberation of women in our contemporary world.
Contemporary Africa is not taking its place in the 21st century globalised world. Being highly inflicted with extreme poverty, Africa has reached out for help from the developed countries of the world. Since independence, there are so many instrumental measures being put to place to tackle the problem of development in Africa. These are modernisation, socialism, globalization and, very crucial to this discourse, foreign aid. This paper discusses the efficiency of foreign aid is assuring development to Africa. One of the basic assumptions of foreign aid to Africa is to alleviate extreme poverty from African soil. Now, the fundamental question is: Is foreign aid really a catholicon to Africans catastrophe? Or is foreign aid a Hodgkin’s disease to Africa’s development? Most of these attempts, that have addressed Africa’s problem of development, have ignored, or glossed over, this fundamental factor; namely, bootphilosohy/self-reliance. This perspective, in my view, offers more fundamental and comprehensive explanations of the problem of development in Africa. Especially, it tries to explain how the present political, social, and economic problems in Africa are connected to foreign aid. Therefore, this paper challenges the assumptions of foreign aid as inadequate in tackling poverty in Africa. This paper argues that aid to Africa is a chimera in sheep clothing. Aid is one of the contributors of poverty and underdevelopment in Africa. Using the philosophical tool of criticism, this paper exposes the underdevelopment of Africa with foreign aid. This paper, therefore, calls attention for the embracement of “bootphilosophy/self-reliance”.
KEYWORDS: Africa, Foreign Aid, poverty, Development, Boot-philosophy
KEY WORDS: poverty, justice, Nigeria, peter singer.