Medical Microbiology

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of, and the treatments used for, recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) in health students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 333 nursing and midwifery students. Data on the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, their history of RHL, and the treatments were collected by means of a standard self-reported questionnaire form. Results: The point prevalence of RHL was 3.9%, the annual prevalence was 44.7%, and the lifetime prevalence was 52.5%. These prevalences were not related to the participants' place of residence, level of income, school, gender, marital status, or smoking status (p > 0.05). RHL was frequently seen on the right side of the lower lip (17.9%). One third of the students who experienced RHL stated that they had applied treatment to the lesion. However, only 20.1% stated that they had used antiviral therapy. Treatment was recommended by a physician for only 16.1% of the subjects. Conclusions: The prevalence of RHL was high among the health students, who were considered to represent young adults. Although they were students in a school of health, they lacked knowledge about RHL.

In this study, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of water and ethanol extracts of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seed (PAS) were investigated. The antioxidant properties of both extracts of PAS were evaluated using different antioxidant tests, including reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities. Twenty mg/ml of water and ethanol extracts exhibited 99.1 and 77.5% inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system, which was greater than the same concentration of a-tocopherol (36.1%). These various antioxidant activities were compared with synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and a-tocopherol. The water extract of PAS exhibited greater antioxidant capacity than that of ethanol. Antimicrobial activity tests were carried out using disc diffusion methods with 10 microbial species.

In Turkish kitchen, Cyclotrichium niveum, which is consumed as a dietary supplement, have been extensively used in soup and food for their odor and flavor. The present study examines the possible antioxidant, antimicrobial and radical scavenging capacity of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden and Scheng. In order to evaluate antioxidant and radical scavenging activity different in vitro methodologies such as 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•) free radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing power by potassium ferricyanide reduction method, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and ferrous ions chelating activities were used. In addition, antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the both extracts tested against twenty five microorganisms. Total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids contents in water extract of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng (WECN) and ethanol extract of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng (EECN) were determined.

Background data: In vivo and in vitro studies have reported that laser energy in differing wavelengths and irradiation regimes has a potential bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a light wavelength of 808 nm in varying doses has an effect on chronic osteomyelitis induced experimentally in the rat tibia. Methods: Intramedullary cavities were surgically created in the left tibias of 39 adult Wistar albino rats. Five randomly selected subjects were injected with a sterile saline solution, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was used to induce osteomyelitis in the remaining rats. After 3 weeks, rats with evidence of osteomyelitis were treated with debridement alone (n ¼ 7), with debridement plus laser irradiation to induce photoeradication (n ¼ 21), or were not treated at all [negative control, (n ¼ 6)]. Active irradiation was performed using an 808 nm, 100 mW continuous-wave diode laser with a beam spot size of 0.7854 cm 2 (irradiance ¼ 127.3 mW/cm 2). Laser treatment commenced immediately after debridement surgery and was applied daily for 5 consecutive days. Irradiation lasted 60 secs (6 J at 7.64 J/cm 2 : n ¼ 7), 120 secs (12 J at 15.29 J/cm 2 : n ¼ 7), or 180 secs (18 J at 22.93 J/cm 2 : n ¼ 7). Rats in the sham and negative control groups were killed 21 days post-induction surgery, and those in the treatment groups were killed after 42 days. Following killing, tibias were removed and analyzed histopathologically, radiographically, and microbiologically. Results: Histopathological analysis showed that infection levels had decreased by 37%, 67%, 81%, and 93% in the groups treated by debridement or by debridement plus 7.64, 15.29, and 22.93 J/cm 2 light therapy, respectively, compared to the negative control group. Osteomyelitis-induced rats had the highest bacteria count (5Â10 5). Bacterial counts fell to 1.6Â10 4 , 4.3Â10 2 , 5.5Â10 1 , and 3.3Â10 0 in groups treated by debridement or by debridement plus 7.64, 15.29, and 22.93 J/cm 2 light therapy, respectively, compared to the negative control group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, laser phototherapy with the appropriate irradiation parameters appears to be a promising adjunct and/or alternative technique to pharmacological agents in the treatment of osteomyelitis. The 808 nm 100 mW (127.3 mW/cm 2) laser device used in this study achieved a maximum effect with an irradiation time of 180 secs, delivering 18 J at an energy density of 22.93 J/cm 2 .

Background: Pregnant women are a target group for receipt of influenza vaccine because there appears to be an elevated mortality and morbidity rate associated with influenza virus infection in pregnant women. The goal of this study is to determine the factors affecting the decisions of pregnant women in Turkey to be vaccinated or not for 2009 H1N1 influenza. Methodology: We enrolled 314 of 522 (60.2%) pregnant women who attended to the antenatal clinics of the Medical Faculty of Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University's Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics between December 23, 2009, and February 1, 2010. We developed a 48-question survey which was completed in a face-to-face interview at the clinic with each pregnant woman.

Myiasis olgularına insanlarda, özellikle tropik ve subtropik bölgelerde, sıcak mevsimlerde sıklıkla rastlanmaktadır. İnsanlarda görülebilen fakültatif myiasis olgularından biri de ürogenital myiasisdir. İnsanlarda ürogenital myiasise neden olan bir sinek türü Psychoda albipennis'tir. Psychodinae alt ailesinde olan bu türün erginleri evlerde, özellikle nemli tuvalet ve banyolarda yaşarlar. Bu olguda, P. albipennis'in sebep olduğu 15 yaşındaki bir erkekte oluşan ürogenital myiasis sunuldu. Öğrenci olan bu şahıs, il merkezinde ikamet etmekteydi ve üç aydan beri 5-6 adet kurtçuk düşürdüğünü bildirmiştir. Hastanın tam idrar tahlili normal olup, dışkı mikroskopisinde lökosit, eritrosit saptanmadı. İdrar kültürü yapıldı, ancak herhangi bir üreme tespit edilmedi. Larvaların mikroskop altında yapılan incelemelerinde P. albipennis'in 4. dönem larvası oldukları anlaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, ürogenital myiasis olgularında P. albipennis'in etken olabileceği unutulmamalıdır.

Eight calves, raised in a farm in Erzurum province during winter season, were referred to the clinic with complaints of skin lesions of ringworm. Additionally, the owner had the tinea corporis of the arm with an erythematous, scurfy, crusty and pruritic lesion. The samples collected from lesions of calves and their owner were analyzed in laboratory of veterinary microbiology. The isolated agents were identified as Trichophyton verrucosum by microscopic and cultural examinations. The identical strain isolated was verified in both samples of calves and the owner. The affected calves were treated by inoculation of vaccine. In conclusion, it is determined that the ringworm of calves presented in this study is zoonosis. Both farmers and breeders with a close contact of animals with ringworm should be informed regarding zoonotic properties of the disease.

In this study, coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) (n = 70) isolated from subclinical sheep mastitis were screened for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to antimicrobials used commonly in veterinary field in Turkey. In addition, plasmid profiling and biofilm production of CoNS isolates was investigated. All isolates were found to be susceptible to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, cephalothin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin and oxacillin. The highest resistance was observed in 42.9% (n = 30) of the isolates against the beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillin and ampicillin. All beta-lactam resistant isolates produced beta-lactamase and carried blaZ. Tetracycline resistance was observed in 11.4% (n = 8) of the isolates, either alone or in combination with beta-lactams and macrolides. Of the tetracycline resistant 8 isolates, 5 carried the tetK gene, one carried the tetM and 2 isolates carried both genes together. Erythromycin resistance was observed in 5.7% of the isolates; msrA was detected alone (one isolate) or in combination with mphC (one isolate) and ermC (one isolate). ermA was observed only in one isolate. Most of the strains showed only a single plasmid band in size of 19.3 kb, but some had 2 to 3 plasmids ranging from >19.3 kb to 0.9 kb. Out of 70 CoNS isolates, 28 (40%) were identified as biofilm producer by Congo red agar (CRA) method, and 30 (42.9%) were positive for both icaA and icaD genes, which are known to be responsible for biofilm formation in CoNS.

This study was carried out to determine Medical Faculty and School of Health student knowledge of and behavior regarding swine flu and vaccine. The study was carried out at Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University School of Health among the medical faculty and students. All 296 students of the Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University School of Health and 76 students of the Faculty of Medicine were supposed to participate in the study. Ninety-six point one percent of the students in the study know high fever was one of the symptoms of swine flu, 91.8% said it was spread directly by sneezing or coughing and 95.5% knew washing hands with soap and water especially after coughing and sneezing, should be done to reduce the.risk of infection. Sixty-five point four percent of students knew fatigue and body aches were adverse effects of the swine flu vaccine. Only 9.6% of students received the pandemic flu vaccine. Their knowledge regarding symptoms and methods of spread was low, but regarding measures ...

Up to 5-10% of Brucellosis cases manifest with neurobrucellosis and course with various forms such as meningocephalitis, cerebellitis, acute meningitis, myelopathy, radiculopathy neuropsychiatric syndromes and cranial neuropathy. Brucella toxin damages the inner ear and leads to sensorineural hearing loss. We aim to report seven patients who were diagnosed as neurobrucellosis accompanying with hearing loss problem and were hospitalized to Infectious Diseases Department between 2005 and 2010. Long term fever, headache, hearing loss, walking disability were the predominant symptoms, Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was the most frequent finding. And the other findings were also dysarthria, ataxia walking and increased deep tendon reflexes. Common symptoms were long term fever (100%), headache (71.4%), chills (57%), vomiting and exhaustion (29%). Neurologic findings such as walking instability (four patients), paraplegia (two patients) and hearing disturbances (seven patients) were...

Lactoperoxidase is a peroxidase enzyme found in milk. This enzyme has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. It is fairly heat resistant and was widely used as an indicator of over pasteurization of milk. In the present study, bovine lactoperoxidase (LPO) was purified from skimmed milk using amberlite-CG-50-H + resin, CM-sephadex-C-50 ion-exchange chromatography and sephadex-G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Enzyme activity was determined using 2, 2-azino-bis-diammonium salt as a chromogenic substrate at pH 6, and purification degree was controlled by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of bovine lactoperoxidase was determined by disk diffusion method. Bovine LPO exhibited high antifungal and antibacterial activity in 100 mM thiocynate-100 mM hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) medium on some fungi (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Saccharomyces boulardii) and bacteria (Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus intermedius), respectively. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of LPO system was compared to those of well known antibacterial and antifungal substances such as cefaclor, erythromycin, tetracycline and fluconazole. This study has investigated for the first time the antifungal and antibacterial effects of bovine LPO system on C. albicans, C.

Eighty four men patients with the complaints of urethritis were included. In this research, Mycoplasma IST (BioMérieux sa, France) kit was used for investigation of Ureaplasma urealyticum in the urine samples obtained from patients. By using mycoplasma IST information about the presence or absence of Ureaplasma urealyticum provided. Besides Mycoplasma hominis and their antimicrobial susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents (pristinamycine, doxycycline, josamycin, erythromycine, tetracycline, ofloxacin) were determined. U. urealyticum strains were isolated from 60 (71.43%) patients and M. hominis strain was not isolated from any patient. U. urealyticum isolates were found to be sensitive 100% to tetracycline, 100% to ofloxacin, 95% to doxycycline, 95% to josamycin, 90% to pristinamycin, 88.3% to erythromycin.

Amaç Stafilokoklar hem toplumsal kaynaklı hem de hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonlarda tedavisi zor etkenlerin başında gelmektedir. Metisilin direncinin oluşması tedavide glikopeptid grubu antibiyotiklerin kullanımını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Glikopeptid antibiyotikler metisilin dirençli Stafilokok enfeksiyonlarında yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmasıyla birlikte son yıllarda glikopeptidlere orta duyarlı ve dirençli suşların bilidirilmeye başlanması nedeniyle bu antibiyotiklerin duyarlılığının hızlı ve doğru tanımlanması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuarına gönderilen çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen 100 Staphylococcus aureus ve 100 koagülaz negatif Stafilokok suşlarında vankomisin ve teikoplanin duyarlılıkları VITEK-2 (BioMeriéux, Fransa) otomatize sistemi ve E-test yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Antibiyotiklerin duyarlılıkları CLSI kriterlerine göre değerlendirilmiştir.. Bulgular: E-test yöntemi ile tüm suşlar vankomisin ve teikoplanine duyarlı bulunmuştur. Otomatize sisteme göre tüm suşlar vankomisine duyarlı bulunurken MRSA suşlarından biri dirençli, MRKNS suşlarından biri orta duyarlı, MSKNS suşlarından yedisi orta duyarlı bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Çalışmamıza göre metisilin dirençli Stafilokokların tedavisinde glikopeptid antibiyotikler halen güvenle kullanılabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte orta duyarlı ve dirençli suşların bildirilmesi nedeniyle bu antibiyotiklerin kullanımında temkinli olunması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle glikopeptid antibiyotiklere duyarlılığın doğru ve hızlı belirlenmesi için en uygun yöntemlerin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. (Sakarya Tıp Dergisi 2017, 7(2):92-96)

The aim of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from hard ticks collected from animals and soil in Turkey and Iraq. For this, 195 adult hard ticks were identified according to the taxonomic keys. A total of 195 hard ticks were identified by as 149 Hyalomma spp. and 46 Rhipicephalus spp. The diagnosis of tick borne pathogens was made by microbiological techniques. One hundred sixty four (164) bacteria were isolated from the ticks. These bacteria were as follows: 119 Escherichia coli, 18 Salmonella spp., 10 Klebsiella spp., 9 Serratia spp., 6 Shigella spp., and 2 Enerobacter aerogenes. The study investigated tick borne pathogens affecting humans and animals. These pathogens are transmitted by different hard ticks' species. The ticks and tick borne diseases are an important public health problem in the world.

Amac: Nazal MRSA tasiyiciligi, bircok malzemenin ortak kullanildigi hastane, huzurevi, yurt gibi kapali ve kalabalik topluluklarda siklikla gorulebilmektedir. Bu calismada, Kahramanmaras huzurevi personeli ve huzurevi sakinlerinde nazal MRSA tasiyiciliginin arastirilmasi amaclandi. Gerec ve Yontem: 01 Haziran–10 Temmuz 2010 tarihleri arasinda, Kahramanmaras huzurevinde bulunan ve bu calismayi kabul eden 146 kisi (98 yasli ve 48 personel) olusturdu. Calismaya katilanlarin tamamindan burun suruntu ornekleri alinarak mikrobiyolojik olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Arastirma sonuclarina gore, yasli ve personelin yas ortalamasi 62.5±20.7 (min-max:22–97) olup, % 62.3’u erkek, % 37.7’si kadindi. Huzurevinde calisan personellerin % 33.3’unde, huzurevi sakinlerinin ise % 40.8’inde nazal MRSA tasiyiciligi saptandi. Huzurevi sakinlerinde siklikla gorulen kronik hastaliklar, diyabetes mellitus, ortopedik hastaliklar, dekubitis, kalp hastaliklari, hepatit B, astim, KOAH, hipertansiyon, psikolojik ve ...

Amac: Nazal MRSA tasiyiciligi, bircok malzemenin ortak kullanildigi hastane, huzurevi, yurt gibi kapali ve kalabalik topluluklarda siklikla gorulebilmektedir. Bu calismada, Kahramanmaras huzurevi personeli ve huzurevi sakinlerinde nazal MRSA tasiyiciliginin arastirilmasi amaclandi. Gerec ve Yontem: 01 Haziran–10 Temmuz 2010 tarihleri arasinda, Kahramanmaras huzurevinde bulunan ve bu calismayi kabul eden 146 kisi (98 yasli ve 48 personel) olusturdu. Calismaya katilanlarin tamamindan burun suruntu ornekleri alinarak mikrobiyolojik olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Arastirma sonuclarina gore, yasli ve personelin yas ortalamasi 62.5±20.7 (min-max:22–97) olup, % 62.3’u erkek, % 37.7’si kadindi. Huzurevinde calisan personellerin % 33.3’unde, huzurevi sakinlerinin ise % 40.8’inde nazal MRSA tasiyiciligi saptandi. Huzurevi sakinlerinde siklikla gorulen kronik hastaliklar, diyabetes mellitus, ortopedik hastaliklar, dekubitis, kalp hastaliklari, hepatit B, astim, KOAH, hipertansiyon, psikolojik ve ...

OBJECTIVE: The presence of vaginal infections and Group B Streptococcus in the vaginal flora during pregnancy, bears importance because various resultant complications can be observed in pregnant women and their infants. The aim of our study is to determine the incidence of Group B streptococcal colonization among third trimester pregnant women who were admitted to the antenatal clinics of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Medical Faculty of Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University. STUDY DESIGN: In this study, vaginal smears were obtained from 97 of the 126 third trimester pregnancies within a period of two months and they were examined by microbiological methods. The specimens were cultivated in 5% sheep blood agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours in an anaerobe environment. The streptococci isolated from the cultures were identified as Group B streptococcus by standard bacteriological methods and commercial latex agglutination kits. RESULTS: Mean age of the study gr...

Bu calisma Kahramanmaras sehir merkezindeki meyve bahcelerinde yasayan kaplumbagalarda enfestasyonaneden olan kene tiplerini ve tasidiklari mikroorganizmalari tanimlamak icin yapildi. Calismaya seksen dortkaplumbaga alindi. Enfestasyonun goruldugu hayvanlardan toplanan kenelerin turleri belirlendi ve mikrobiyolojikincelemeleri yapildi. Calisma icin alinan 84 kaplumbaganin 60’indaki 272 kenenin tur belirlemesi yapildi. Keneorneklerinde CCHV antijeni belirlemek icin ticari ELISA testi kullanildi. Ayrica bu orneklerin aerobik ve anaerobikolarak kulturleri yapildi. Tum kenelerin (180 erkek, 92 disi) Hyalomma aegyptium turu oldugu saptandi. Kenelerinbakteriyolojik incelemelerinde 98 aerobik bakteri izole edildi. Bu bakteriler soyleydi: 38 Bacillus sp., 23 difteroidbasil, 21 CNS, 7 Pasteurella sp., 6 Micrococcus sp. ve 3 Enterobacter aerogenes. ELISA testinde CCHFV antijenibulunmadi. Bizim calismamizda acikca gorulmektedir ki sert keneler sadece kirsal ve daglik alanlarda degil aynizamand...

Background: In the hospitals where hygienic conditions are not provided, nasal methicillin resistant/sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) colonization is seen in the hospital personnel and patients. Both the individuals' themselves being MRSA/MSSA carriers and also other people around them are under risk and this bacterium leads to nasal colonization and then can propagate through contaminated hands and hospital materials. Objective: In this study, it was aimed to research MRSA/MSSA and beta-haemolytic streptococcus (BHS) carriage in the nose and throat flora of students of, School of Health. Methods: In the study, total of 160 midwifery students taking midwifery education was included in the research but 135 (84.4 %) out of 160 students were able to be reached. The nose and throat swab samples taken from students were examined through microbiological methods. Results: 14.1 % of students were nasal MSSA carrier. While there wasn't the nasal MRSA carrier among students attending the study in the 1st and 2nd class, 3.3 % (1 person) of the 3rd class students and 10.0 % (3 people) of the 4th class students were the nasal MRSA carrier. In addition, BHS carriage was determined in 1.5 % of students and there wasn't any difference between classes. Conclusions: These results indicate that midwifery students might have been contaminated with MSSA/MRSA during clinical practice. That MSSA/MRSA being an important pathogen is seen in midwifery students taking education in the birth units threatens the mother-child health. [Ethiop.