The Healthcare system as an organization has the important requirements corresponding to security... more The Healthcare system as an organization has the important requirements corresponding to security and privacy, for example, protecting patients’ medical information from unauthorized access, secure drug tracking, secure communication with transport like ambulance, secure and smart e-health monitoring. But due to lack of expert design of security protocols, the healthcare system is facing many security threats such as interoperability, authenticity, data sharing, the conveying of medical data, and deliberations of mobile health. In such a scenario, blockchain may help because of its unique properties. The blockchain ledger, formed by applying digital signature schemes, consensus mechanisms, and chain of hashing, offers highly reliable storage capabilities. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, blockchain provides various services like integrity, traceability, security, and non-repudiation, by storing the information in a public decentralized environment so that privacy preservation can be maintained. It is required to explore the security issues, different attacks and challenges when blockchain is applied in healthcare, which can help to design a more strong security protocol in a distributed environment. Therefore, this book chapter focuses on (a) different applications of healthcare where blockchain can be applied, (b) requirements of blockchain in such applications, (c) different possible security attacks in the blockchain-based healthcare system, (d) security issues and challenges to design protocols using blockchain, and (e) future directions to the research to be explored more.
After Helicobacter pylori infection in humans, gastric epithelial cells (GECs) undergo apoptosis ... more After Helicobacter pylori infection in humans, gastric epithelial cells (GECs) undergo apoptosis due to stimulation by the bacteria or inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we assessed the expression and function of brain angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) in the engulfment of apoptotic GECs using human tissue and cells. After induction of apoptosis by H. pylori or camptothecin, there was a 5-fold increase in the binding of apoptotic GECs to THP-1 cells or peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages as assayed by confocal microscopy or conventional and imaging flow cytometry. Binding was impaired 95% by pretreating apoptotic cells with annexin V, underscoring the requirement for phosphatidylserine recognition. The phosphatidylserine receptor BAI1 was expressed in human gastric biopsy specimens and gastric phagocytes. To confirm the role of BAI1 in apoptotic cell clearance, the functional domain of BAI1 was used as a competitive inhibitor or BAI1 expression was inhibited by small interfering RNA. Both approaches decreased binding and engulfment >40%. Exposing THP-1 cells to apoptotic cells inhibited IL-6 production from 1340 to <364 pg/ml; however, this decrease was independent of phagocytosis. We conclude that recognition of apoptotic cells by BAI1 contributes to their clearance in the human gastric mucosa and this is associated with antiinflammatory effects.
In this paper we recommend a novel method for detecting and tracking objects in the presence of c... more In this paper we recommend a novel method for detecting and tracking objects in the presence of cluttered background such as movements of leaves of trees, under various types of occlusion (object to object and object to scene occlusion) and scale change of object (small or large object) in real-time video. Object detection and tracking are two main terms of developing any tracking system. In our approach firstly we apply filters to remove noise and to avoid minute changes in the scene then we are using the frame differencing method to detect and segment the moving object. Contour tracking approach is applied to track the object of interest in all consecutive video frames. For checking superiority of this method we use it on different type of dataset: KTH and Own dataset.
The Healthcare system as an organization has the important requirements corresponding to security... more The Healthcare system as an organization has the important requirements corresponding to security and privacy, for example, protecting patients’ medical information from unauthorized access, secure drug tracking, secure communication with transport like ambulance, secure and smart e-health monitoring. But due to lack of expert design of security protocols, the healthcare system is facing many security threats such as interoperability, authenticity, data sharing, the conveying of medical data, and deliberations of mobile health. In such a scenario, blockchain may help because of its unique properties. The blockchain ledger, formed by applying digital signature schemes, consensus mechanisms, and chain of hashing, offers highly reliable storage capabilities. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, blockchain provides various services like integrity, traceability, security, and non-repudiation, by storing the information in a public decentralized environment so that privacy preservation can be maintained. It is required to explore the security issues, different attacks and challenges when blockchain is applied in healthcare, which can help to design a more strong security protocol in a distributed environment. Therefore, this book chapter focuses on (a) different applications of healthcare where blockchain can be applied, (b) requirements of blockchain in such applications, (c) different possible security attacks in the blockchain-based healthcare system, (d) security issues and challenges to design protocols using blockchain, and (e) future directions to the research to be explored more.
After Helicobacter pylori infection in humans, gastric epithelial cells (GECs) undergo apoptosis ... more After Helicobacter pylori infection in humans, gastric epithelial cells (GECs) undergo apoptosis due to stimulation by the bacteria or inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we assessed the expression and function of brain angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) in the engulfment of apoptotic GECs using human tissue and cells. After induction of apoptosis by H. pylori or camptothecin, there was a 5-fold increase in the binding of apoptotic GECs to THP-1 cells or peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages as assayed by confocal microscopy or conventional and imaging flow cytometry. Binding was impaired 95% by pretreating apoptotic cells with annexin V, underscoring the requirement for phosphatidylserine recognition. The phosphatidylserine receptor BAI1 was expressed in human gastric biopsy specimens and gastric phagocytes. To confirm the role of BAI1 in apoptotic cell clearance, the functional domain of BAI1 was used as a competitive inhibitor or BAI1 expression was inhibited by small interfering RNA. Both approaches decreased binding and engulfment >40%. Exposing THP-1 cells to apoptotic cells inhibited IL-6 production from 1340 to <364 pg/ml; however, this decrease was independent of phagocytosis. We conclude that recognition of apoptotic cells by BAI1 contributes to their clearance in the human gastric mucosa and this is associated with antiinflammatory effects.
In this paper we recommend a novel method for detecting and tracking objects in the presence of c... more In this paper we recommend a novel method for detecting and tracking objects in the presence of cluttered background such as movements of leaves of trees, under various types of occlusion (object to object and object to scene occlusion) and scale change of object (small or large object) in real-time video. Object detection and tracking are two main terms of developing any tracking system. In our approach firstly we apply filters to remove noise and to avoid minute changes in the scene then we are using the frame differencing method to detect and segment the moving object. Contour tracking approach is applied to track the object of interest in all consecutive video frames. For checking superiority of this method we use it on different type of dataset: KTH and Own dataset.
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