Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti ucinak postavljanja kinesiotaping (KT) metode na m. gluteus mediu... more Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti ucinak postavljanja kinesiotaping (KT) metode na m. gluteus medius odrazne noge s pretpostavkom da bi bolja funkcija
Ozljede mišića stražnje strane natkoljenice („hamstrings“) su učestale u sportu te stvaraju velik... more Ozljede mišića stražnje strane natkoljenice („hamstrings“) su učestale u sportu te stvaraju veliki problem za sportaše i sportske klubove jer se teško rehabilitiraju i sklone su recidivima. Unatoč velikim ulaganjima u cilju prevencije takvih ozljeda, u zadnjem desetljeću broj takvih ozljeda se konstantno povećava. Zadnjih su se godina počele koristiti različite intervencije koje, s obzirom da dosadašnje spoznaje, mogu pomoći u primarnoj i sekundarnoj prevenciji takvih ozljeda. Međutim, još uvijek ne postoji konsenzus o tome kako bi trening jakosti trebao izgledati te koje bi se vježbe trebale raditi s obzirom da znamo da različite vježbe („knee dominant“ vs „hip dominant“) stvaraju različite adaptacijske promijene. Trenutno, najbolji dokazi idu u smjeru implementacije ekscentričnog treninga jakosti koji je pokazao da može značajno smanjiti nastanak ozljeda hamstringsa, najvjerojatnije zbog povećanja ekscentrične jakosti, promjene dužine fascikula mišića i penacijskog kuta (arhitektura mišića) te zbog promjene kuta pri kojim mišić može proizvoditi maksimalnu silu. Vježba koja se do sada u literaturi pokazala kao najučinkovitija u cilju redukcije ozljeda hamstringsa je „nordic hamstring exercise“ („NHE“). Zanimljivo je što ta vježba primarno razvija mišiće m.semitentinosus i kratku glavu m.biceps femoris-a, dok su najčešće ozljede hamstringsa u području duge glave m.biceps femoris-a. Tek dolaze spoznaje koje će nam u potpunosti objasniti uzroke nastanka ozljeda hamstringsa te najbolje intervencije s ciljem redukcije takvih ozljeda. Međutim, postoji već puno dokaza u literaturi koji nam ukazuju da bi se u određenim sportovi gdje dominiraju aktivnosti trčanja pri velikim brzinama trebao koristiti trening jakosti, sa naglaskom na ekscentričnu jakost, kao važan i učinkovit alat u cilju primarne i sekundarne prevencije ozljeda hamstringsa
We aimed to examine the effects of placebo and caffeine compared to a control condition on mean v... more We aimed to examine the effects of placebo and caffeine compared to a control condition on mean velocity in the bench press exercise. Twenty-five resistance-trained men participated in this randomized, crossover, double-blind study. The participants performed the bench press with loads of 50%, 75%, and 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), after no supplementation (i.e., control), and after ingesting caffeine (6 mg/kg), and placebo (6 mg/kg of dextrose). At 50% 1RM, there was a significant effect of caffeine on mean velocity compared to control (effect size [ES] = 0.29; p = 0.003), but not when compared to placebo (ES = 0.09; p = 0.478). At 75% 1RM, there was a significant effect of caffeine on mean velocity compared to placebo (ES = 0.34; p = 0.001), and compared to control (ES = 0.32; p < 0.001). At 90% 1RM, there was a significant effect of caffeine on mean velocity compared to placebo (ES = 0.36; p < 0.001), and compared to control (ES = 0.46; p < 0.001). There was no si...
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2020
Purpose: To compare the acute effects of caffeine and placebo ingestion with a control condition ... more Purpose: To compare the acute effects of caffeine and placebo ingestion with a control condition (ie, no supplementation) on vertical jump performance. Methods: The sample for this study consisted of 26 recreationally trained men. Following the familiarization visit, the subjects were randomized in a double-blind manner to 3 main conditions: placebo, caffeine, and control. Caffeine was administered in the form of a gelatin capsule in the dose of 6 mg·kg body weight−1. Placebo was also administered in the form of a gelatin capsule containing 6 mg·kg−1 of dextrose. Vertical jump performance was assessed using a countermovement jump performed on a force platform. Analyzed outcomes were vertical jump height and maximal power output. Results: For vertical jump height, significant differences were observed between placebo and control conditions (g = 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.24; +2.5%), caffeine and control conditions (g = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17–0.50; +6.6%), and caffeine and...
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2019
Purpose: To explore the effects of 3 doses of caffeine on muscle strength and muscle endurance. M... more Purpose: To explore the effects of 3 doses of caffeine on muscle strength and muscle endurance. Methods: Twenty-eight resistance-trained men completed the testing sessions under 5 conditions: no-placebo control, placebo control, and with caffeine doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg·kg−1. Muscle strength was assessed using the 1-repetition-maximum test; muscle endurance was assessed by having the participants perform a maximal number of repetitions with 60% 1-repetition maximum. Results: In comparison with both control conditions, only a caffeine dose of 2 mg·kg−1 enhanced lower-body strength (d = 0.13–0.15). In comparison with the no-placebo control condition, caffeine doses of 4 and 6 mg·kg−1 enhanced upper-body strength (d = 0.07–0.09) with a significant linear trend for the effectiveness of different doses of caffeine (P = .020). Compared with both control conditions, all 3 caffeine doses enhanced lower-body muscle endurance (d = 0.46–0.68). For upper-body muscle endurance, this study did no...
We aimed to explore the effects of caffeinated gel ingestion on neuromuscular performance in resi... more We aimed to explore the effects of caffeinated gel ingestion on neuromuscular performance in resistance-trained men. The participants (n = 17; mean ± standard deviation (SD): age 23 ± 2 years, height 183 ± 5 cm, body mass 83 ± 11 kg) completed two testing conditions that involved ingesting a caffeinated gel (300 mg of caffeine) or placebo. The testing outcomes included: (1) vertical jump height in the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ); (2) knee extension and flexion peak torque and average power at angular velocities of 60°·s−1 and 180°·s−1; (3) barbell velocity in the bench press with loads corresponding to 50%, 75%, and 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM); and (4) peak power output in a test on a rowing ergometer. Compared to the placebo, caffeine improved: (1) SJ (p = 0.039; Cohen’s d effect size (d) = 0.18; +2.9%) and CMJ height (p = 0.011; d = 0.18; +3.3%); (2) peak torque and average power in the knee extensors at both angular velocities (d ranged from 0.21 to 0.3...
In this paper, we review the effects of caffeine on muscle strength and provide suggestions for c... more In this paper, we review the effects of caffeine on muscle strength and provide suggestions for caffeine supplementation in powerlifting competitions. The currently available studies indicate that caffeine ingestion may enhance strength in two powerlifting competition events, the squat and the bench press. For the deadlift, the same might be expected even though studies directly using this event are lacking. Optimal doses of caffeine are likely in the range from 2 to 6 mg·kg−1, and are highly individual. When using caffeine-containing capsules, 60 minutes pre-exercise seems to be a good timing of caffeine consumption. For other sources such as caffeinated chewing gum, a shorter period (5 to 10 min) from consumption to the start of the exercise seems to be effective. For shorter duration powerlifting competitions (e.g., 2 hours), one pre-competition dose of caffeine could be sufficient for acute performance-enhancing effects that might be maintained across all three events. For longe...
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2019
Purpose: To explore the acute effects of caffeinated chewing gum on vertical-jump performance, is... more Purpose: To explore the acute effects of caffeinated chewing gum on vertical-jump performance, isokinetic knee-extension/flexion strength and power, barbell velocity in resistance exercise, and whole-body power. Methods: Nineteen resistance-trained men consumed, in randomized counterbalanced order, either caffeinated chewing gum (300 mg of caffeine) or placebo and completed exercise testing that included squat jump; countermovement jump; isokinetic knee extension and knee flexion at angular velocities of 60 and 180°·s−1; bench-press exercise with loads corresponding to 50%, 75%, and 90% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM); and an “all-out” rowing-ergometer test. Results: Compared with placebo, caffeinated chewing gum enhanced (all Ps < .05) (1) vertical-jump height in the squat jump (effect size [ES] = 0.21; +3.7%) and countermovement jump (ES = 0.27; +4.6%); (2) knee-extension peak torque (ES = 0.21; +3.6%) and average power (ES = 0.25; +4.5%) at 60°·s−1 and knee-extension average pow...
This study examined caffeine’s effects on isokinetic strength, power, and endurance. The sample i... more This study examined caffeine’s effects on isokinetic strength, power, and endurance. The sample included 25 young, resistance-trained males. The participants were tested on three occasions, in a control trial (no substance ingestion) and following the ingestion of 6 mg·kg−1 of caffeine or placebo. Exercise tests involved isokinetic knee extension and flexion using angular velocities of 60° s−1 and 180° s−1. Analyzed outcomes included peak torque, average power, and total work. For knee extension at an angular velocity of 60° s−1, there were significant differences for: (1) peak torque when comparing caffeine vs. control (Hedges’ g = 0.22) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.30) and (2) average power when comparing caffeine vs. control (g = 0.21) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.29). For knee extension at an angular velocity of 180° s−1, there were significant differences for: (1) peak torque when comparing caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.26), (2) average power when comparing caffeine vs. con...
Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti ucinak postavljanja kinesiotaping (KT) metode na m. gluteus mediu... more Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti ucinak postavljanja kinesiotaping (KT) metode na m. gluteus medius odrazne noge s pretpostavkom da bi bolja funkcija
Ozljede mišića stražnje strane natkoljenice („hamstrings“) su učestale u sportu te stvaraju velik... more Ozljede mišića stražnje strane natkoljenice („hamstrings“) su učestale u sportu te stvaraju veliki problem za sportaše i sportske klubove jer se teško rehabilitiraju i sklone su recidivima. Unatoč velikim ulaganjima u cilju prevencije takvih ozljeda, u zadnjem desetljeću broj takvih ozljeda se konstantno povećava. Zadnjih su se godina počele koristiti različite intervencije koje, s obzirom da dosadašnje spoznaje, mogu pomoći u primarnoj i sekundarnoj prevenciji takvih ozljeda. Međutim, još uvijek ne postoji konsenzus o tome kako bi trening jakosti trebao izgledati te koje bi se vježbe trebale raditi s obzirom da znamo da različite vježbe („knee dominant“ vs „hip dominant“) stvaraju različite adaptacijske promijene. Trenutno, najbolji dokazi idu u smjeru implementacije ekscentričnog treninga jakosti koji je pokazao da može značajno smanjiti nastanak ozljeda hamstringsa, najvjerojatnije zbog povećanja ekscentrične jakosti, promjene dužine fascikula mišića i penacijskog kuta (arhitektura mišića) te zbog promjene kuta pri kojim mišić može proizvoditi maksimalnu silu. Vježba koja se do sada u literaturi pokazala kao najučinkovitija u cilju redukcije ozljeda hamstringsa je „nordic hamstring exercise“ („NHE“). Zanimljivo je što ta vježba primarno razvija mišiće m.semitentinosus i kratku glavu m.biceps femoris-a, dok su najčešće ozljede hamstringsa u području duge glave m.biceps femoris-a. Tek dolaze spoznaje koje će nam u potpunosti objasniti uzroke nastanka ozljeda hamstringsa te najbolje intervencije s ciljem redukcije takvih ozljeda. Međutim, postoji već puno dokaza u literaturi koji nam ukazuju da bi se u određenim sportovi gdje dominiraju aktivnosti trčanja pri velikim brzinama trebao koristiti trening jakosti, sa naglaskom na ekscentričnu jakost, kao važan i učinkovit alat u cilju primarne i sekundarne prevencije ozljeda hamstringsa
We aimed to examine the effects of placebo and caffeine compared to a control condition on mean v... more We aimed to examine the effects of placebo and caffeine compared to a control condition on mean velocity in the bench press exercise. Twenty-five resistance-trained men participated in this randomized, crossover, double-blind study. The participants performed the bench press with loads of 50%, 75%, and 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), after no supplementation (i.e., control), and after ingesting caffeine (6 mg/kg), and placebo (6 mg/kg of dextrose). At 50% 1RM, there was a significant effect of caffeine on mean velocity compared to control (effect size [ES] = 0.29; p = 0.003), but not when compared to placebo (ES = 0.09; p = 0.478). At 75% 1RM, there was a significant effect of caffeine on mean velocity compared to placebo (ES = 0.34; p = 0.001), and compared to control (ES = 0.32; p < 0.001). At 90% 1RM, there was a significant effect of caffeine on mean velocity compared to placebo (ES = 0.36; p < 0.001), and compared to control (ES = 0.46; p < 0.001). There was no si...
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2020
Purpose: To compare the acute effects of caffeine and placebo ingestion with a control condition ... more Purpose: To compare the acute effects of caffeine and placebo ingestion with a control condition (ie, no supplementation) on vertical jump performance. Methods: The sample for this study consisted of 26 recreationally trained men. Following the familiarization visit, the subjects were randomized in a double-blind manner to 3 main conditions: placebo, caffeine, and control. Caffeine was administered in the form of a gelatin capsule in the dose of 6 mg·kg body weight−1. Placebo was also administered in the form of a gelatin capsule containing 6 mg·kg−1 of dextrose. Vertical jump performance was assessed using a countermovement jump performed on a force platform. Analyzed outcomes were vertical jump height and maximal power output. Results: For vertical jump height, significant differences were observed between placebo and control conditions (g = 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.24; +2.5%), caffeine and control conditions (g = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17–0.50; +6.6%), and caffeine and...
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2019
Purpose: To explore the effects of 3 doses of caffeine on muscle strength and muscle endurance. M... more Purpose: To explore the effects of 3 doses of caffeine on muscle strength and muscle endurance. Methods: Twenty-eight resistance-trained men completed the testing sessions under 5 conditions: no-placebo control, placebo control, and with caffeine doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg·kg−1. Muscle strength was assessed using the 1-repetition-maximum test; muscle endurance was assessed by having the participants perform a maximal number of repetitions with 60% 1-repetition maximum. Results: In comparison with both control conditions, only a caffeine dose of 2 mg·kg−1 enhanced lower-body strength (d = 0.13–0.15). In comparison with the no-placebo control condition, caffeine doses of 4 and 6 mg·kg−1 enhanced upper-body strength (d = 0.07–0.09) with a significant linear trend for the effectiveness of different doses of caffeine (P = .020). Compared with both control conditions, all 3 caffeine doses enhanced lower-body muscle endurance (d = 0.46–0.68). For upper-body muscle endurance, this study did no...
We aimed to explore the effects of caffeinated gel ingestion on neuromuscular performance in resi... more We aimed to explore the effects of caffeinated gel ingestion on neuromuscular performance in resistance-trained men. The participants (n = 17; mean ± standard deviation (SD): age 23 ± 2 years, height 183 ± 5 cm, body mass 83 ± 11 kg) completed two testing conditions that involved ingesting a caffeinated gel (300 mg of caffeine) or placebo. The testing outcomes included: (1) vertical jump height in the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ); (2) knee extension and flexion peak torque and average power at angular velocities of 60°·s−1 and 180°·s−1; (3) barbell velocity in the bench press with loads corresponding to 50%, 75%, and 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM); and (4) peak power output in a test on a rowing ergometer. Compared to the placebo, caffeine improved: (1) SJ (p = 0.039; Cohen’s d effect size (d) = 0.18; +2.9%) and CMJ height (p = 0.011; d = 0.18; +3.3%); (2) peak torque and average power in the knee extensors at both angular velocities (d ranged from 0.21 to 0.3...
In this paper, we review the effects of caffeine on muscle strength and provide suggestions for c... more In this paper, we review the effects of caffeine on muscle strength and provide suggestions for caffeine supplementation in powerlifting competitions. The currently available studies indicate that caffeine ingestion may enhance strength in two powerlifting competition events, the squat and the bench press. For the deadlift, the same might be expected even though studies directly using this event are lacking. Optimal doses of caffeine are likely in the range from 2 to 6 mg·kg−1, and are highly individual. When using caffeine-containing capsules, 60 minutes pre-exercise seems to be a good timing of caffeine consumption. For other sources such as caffeinated chewing gum, a shorter period (5 to 10 min) from consumption to the start of the exercise seems to be effective. For shorter duration powerlifting competitions (e.g., 2 hours), one pre-competition dose of caffeine could be sufficient for acute performance-enhancing effects that might be maintained across all three events. For longe...
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2019
Purpose: To explore the acute effects of caffeinated chewing gum on vertical-jump performance, is... more Purpose: To explore the acute effects of caffeinated chewing gum on vertical-jump performance, isokinetic knee-extension/flexion strength and power, barbell velocity in resistance exercise, and whole-body power. Methods: Nineteen resistance-trained men consumed, in randomized counterbalanced order, either caffeinated chewing gum (300 mg of caffeine) or placebo and completed exercise testing that included squat jump; countermovement jump; isokinetic knee extension and knee flexion at angular velocities of 60 and 180°·s−1; bench-press exercise with loads corresponding to 50%, 75%, and 90% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM); and an “all-out” rowing-ergometer test. Results: Compared with placebo, caffeinated chewing gum enhanced (all Ps < .05) (1) vertical-jump height in the squat jump (effect size [ES] = 0.21; +3.7%) and countermovement jump (ES = 0.27; +4.6%); (2) knee-extension peak torque (ES = 0.21; +3.6%) and average power (ES = 0.25; +4.5%) at 60°·s−1 and knee-extension average pow...
This study examined caffeine’s effects on isokinetic strength, power, and endurance. The sample i... more This study examined caffeine’s effects on isokinetic strength, power, and endurance. The sample included 25 young, resistance-trained males. The participants were tested on three occasions, in a control trial (no substance ingestion) and following the ingestion of 6 mg·kg−1 of caffeine or placebo. Exercise tests involved isokinetic knee extension and flexion using angular velocities of 60° s−1 and 180° s−1. Analyzed outcomes included peak torque, average power, and total work. For knee extension at an angular velocity of 60° s−1, there were significant differences for: (1) peak torque when comparing caffeine vs. control (Hedges’ g = 0.22) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.30) and (2) average power when comparing caffeine vs. control (g = 0.21) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.29). For knee extension at an angular velocity of 180° s−1, there were significant differences for: (1) peak torque when comparing caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.26), (2) average power when comparing caffeine vs. con...
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